Carriage of the goods. Методические рекомендации
.pdfUnder DEQ, the seller must not only deliver the goods to the named port of destination, but also unload them and place on the wharf (quay).
DDU Delivered Duty Unpaid (...named place of destination)
DDU by meaning and costs responsibilities involved is very similar to CPT. Similar to the comparison between DES and CFR, under DDU you carry out all risks until the goods arrive at the named place of destination.
DDP Delivered Duty Paid (...named place of destination)
Under DDP you are responsible for all costs and risks involved in delivering the goods to a named place of destination, import customs clearance and other payments of domestic dutisin the buyer's country.
Literally, you provide ―door-to-door‖ delivery and bear the entire risk of loss until goods are delivered to the buyer‘s premises.
EX. Translate the texts.
(DAF) Поставка на границе. Продавец считается выполнившим свое обяза-
тельство по поставке товара прошедшего таможенную очистку для вывоза, с мо-
мента передачи его Покупателю в условленном пункте на границе, однако до посту-
пления товара на таможенную границу принимающей страны.
(DES) Поставка с судна. Продавец выполняет свои обязательства по поставке товара с момента предоставления на судне в согласованном порту назначения не-
очищенного от таможенных пошлин при ввозе товара в распоряжение Покупателя.
Все расходы и риски по доставке товара в данном случае несет Продавец.
(DEQ) Поставка с причала, с оплатой пошлин. Продавец выполняет свои обя-
зательства по поставке товара с момента предоставления очищенного от таможен-
ных пошлин при ввозе товара в распоряжение Покупателя на причале (пристани) в
согласованном порту назначения. Если между сторонами будет согласовано, что выполнение таможенных формальностей и оплата пошлин при ввозе возлагаются на Покупателя, вместо слов «с оплатой пошлин» следует записать «без оплаты по-
шлин».
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INCOTERMS (Transfer of Risks)
Incoterms not only describe your and the buyer‘s obligations and specify the point when the responsibilities for the transportation costs shift from you to the buyer, but also nominate the point when the risks associated with transportation transfer from you to the buyer (Table 1). This is one of the most important issues you have to remember when negotiating Incoterms.
Selecting the Incoterm
It is very important to consider all aspects, including obligations, transfer of costs and transfer of risks, when negotiating the Incoterms. Terms CFR and DES, for example, have the same point of transfer of costs. However, risks under CFR transfer to the buyer when the goods pass the ship‘s rail in the port of loading, and under DES - when the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship in the port of destination.
Table 1. Transfer of Risks
EXW When the goods are at the disposal of the buyer
FCA When the goods have been delivered to the carrier at the named place
FAS When the goods have been placed alongside the ship
FOB When the goods pass the ship‘s rail
CFR When the goods pass the ship‘s rail
CIF When the goods pass the ship‘s rail
CPT When the goods have been delivered to the carrier
CIP When the goods have been delivered to the carrier
DAF When the goods have been delivered to the carrier
DES When the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on board the ship
DEQ When the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer on the quay
DDU When the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer
DDP When the goods are placed at the disposal of the buyer
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In other words, under DES all risks are placed with you until the goods arrive at the named port, while under CFR you are not responsible for losses after the goods are loaded on the ship in Australia.
Avoid, wherever possible, dealing under Incoterms, such as DEQ and DDP, that would hold you responsible for the import customs clearance, payment of import customs duties and taxes and/or any other costs and risks at the buyer's country.
GLOSSARY
Always afloat (a.a.) –
всегда на плаву
Charter party term which provides that at all times and at all stages of the tide, the ship must remain afloat. It is, therefore, an obligation imposed by the shipowner that the charterer will select a berth at which the vessel may load or unload with sufficient water depth.
Обязанность фрахтователя предоставить судну безопас-
ный причал или место у причала, где при полной осадке оно ос-
тается на плаву.
Against all risks (a.a.r.) –
против всех рисков
Marine insurance term. Goods may be insured against "all risks" but such a term has definite limited meaning. Whilst the term covers perils which are generally accepted, it must not be extended beyond this. All insurances on an "all risk" basis are subject to the Memorandum (final clause in the policy).
Acceptance акцептиро-
вание, приемка ( напр.,
счета или векселя ) к
оплате
A bill of exchange (see below) signed by the party upon whom it is drawn in token of acceptance of responsibility for its payment.
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Advance freight (a.f.) –
аванс фрахта
Freight paid in advance, either in exchange for documents or at such other time as may be stipulated in the contract. Although freight becomes due only when the goods are safely carried and are ready to be delivered, the shipowner, by stipulating advance freight, makes this a condition of his contract, and it is therefore enforceable. When advance freight is paid it is deemed earned on payment, and is not recoverable, ship lost or not lost, unless the loss is due to the fault or privity of the shipowner. Contracts worded in such a manner as to indicate that the advance payment is on account of disbursements, or payment for the provision of funds to the master, do not fall within the interpretation of advance freight.
Affreightment |
Contract for the carriage of goods by sea for payment ex- |
фрахтование |
pressed in charter party or bill of lading. |
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Covers more than all risks (all marine risks) but some casualty
All risks whatsoever
must occur before a recoverable claim can arise.
Apparent good order and condition хорошее
внешнее состояние то-
вара , без видимых по-
вреждений
The statement relative to the condition of the goods which have been shipped, and are so described on the bill of lading. The shipowner having no right of inspection of contents, receives goods and acknowledges receipt only according to their external condition. If a bill is issued with this statement unqualified, it is said to be a "clean bill" (чистый коносамент) Qualifications (e.g. "case stained", "unprotected", etc.) make the bill "dirty".
Надпись на коносаменте, означающая, что товары были отправлены в хорошем состоянии, без каких-либо повреждений.
Freight (additional) incurred through cargo being returned
from destination port, either due to refusal of goods by consignee, or
Backfreight –
due to overcarriage. Overcarriage may arise through wrong port
неоплаченный фрахт
marking of case, in which case the shipper is liable to pay freight; or as a result of overstowage of the cargo, in which case the shipowner must payfreight.
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Bill of entry – таможен- |
A shippers detailed statement for customs purposes of the na- |
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ture and value of goods in a consignment. |
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This is the same as a draft i.e. an unconditional order in writ- |
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ing, signed by a person, usually the seller, and addressed to the for- |
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eign buyer ordering him to pay on presentation of the instrument, or |
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at some specific future date, the amount of the draft. |
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Drafts may be sight or usance (time) drafts. Sight drafts are payable |
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upon presentation to the buyer (drawee) or within a brief period after |
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Bill of exchange (b/e) |
presentation. Usance (time) drafts are payable at a specified time af- |
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ter presentation or acceptance. |
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переводной вексель, пе- |
A draft can be either a clean draft i.e. one to which no docu- |
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реводная тратта |
ments are attached; or a documentary draft i.e. a draft which is ac- |
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companied by documents which are to be delivered to the drawee on |
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payment or acceptance of the draft. |
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Письменное указание продавца покупателю выплатить |
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определѐнную сумму денег указанному лицу по требованию |
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или в определѐнный срок. Переводной вексель вступает в силу |
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после акцепта покупателем. |
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Bill of exchange without |
This applies to draft negotiated by banks without recourse to |
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the drawer.переводной вексель без права обратного требования |
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recourse-) |
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(надпись индоссанта на векселе |
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Bill of lading – коноса-
мент, товарная наклад-
ная при морской пере-
возке
A bill of lading, from the legal point of view, is:
(a)a formal receipt by the shipowner or his agent, acknowledging that goods of the stated species, quantity and condition are shipped on board or received into the custody of the shipowner for the purpose of shipment;
(b)a memorandum of the contract of carriage, repeating in detail the terms of the contract which was in fact concluded prior to the signing of the bill; and
(c)a document of the title to the goods enabling the consignee to dispose of the goods by endorsement and delivery of the bill of lading.
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Bill of sight – предвари-
тельная таможенная декларация
Customs import form, used when the importer cannot make customs entry complete owing to insufficient information from shipper.
Таможенная форма, которая используется, когда импор-
тѐр не может заполнить таможенную декларацию из-за того,
что судовладелец предоставил неполную информацию.
A promise or obligation e.g. bond for "free goods" is the ship- Bond обязательство per's promise to reexport; guarantee to customs to specified amount
of duty to be paid.
Bonded goods товар, |
Goods deposited in a bonded warehouse until such time as the |
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хранящийся на тамо- |
duty upon them has been paid. |
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женных складах |
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Bonded warehouse
Приписной таможен-
ный склад;
Accommodation under customs surveillance housing dutiable cargoes which may be stored on importation and removed on payment of relevant duty. (склад для хранения неоплаченных грузов)
Certificate of origin (c/o) |
A document to prove the place of growth, production or man- |
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– сертификат |
ufacture of goods specified thereon. |
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происхождения |
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Charges to be paid by buyer on arrival of the goods. Условие |
Charges forward дос- |
в торговле, означающее, что расходы по транспортировке товара |
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тавка за счет покупателя |
подлежат оплате грузополучателем. |
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Ch. of C. Торговая палата |
Chamber of Commerce. |
Charter party договор о фрахтовании, чартер-
партия
Contract between shipowner and charterer whereby the former agrees to place his ship or part of it at the disposal of the charterer for the carriage of goods; this may be for a stated voyage (voyage charter party), or for a period of time (time charter party). Time charter parties may, under certain conditions, be described as demise charter parties.
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Фрахтование судна или части его полезной площади на
определенный рейс или период времени.
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Bills of lading, mate's receipts and such documents are said to |
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be "clean" when no clauses detrimental to the shipper, declaring a |
Clean Bills of lading – |
defective condition of the packaging or goods, have been inserted in |
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чистый коносамент |
them; "dirty", "unclean", "foul", claused documents are those that |
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contain clauses stating that the goods were not shipped in good order |
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and condition. |
Charterer |
Person who hires a vessel for a voyage or period of time. |
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фрахтователь |
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Shipbroker who acts as an intermediary between the owner of Carriage Chartering broker the ship and the charterer, in regard to rates of freight, and terms of
contract.
Charter party term indicating the first and last days are not in-
Clear days чистые, |
cluded in the counting of time. ( с исключением первого и послед- |
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полные дни |
него дней из оговорѐнного периода времени) |
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A document of title, also known as a combined transport doc- |
Combined transport bill |
ument, specifying that goods have been accepted for transport to fi- |
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of lading |
nal destination, and covering movement by sea, road and rail. |
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Confirming (house)
комиссионная фирма
Confirming house or other institution "confirms" an order and pays the exporter when the goods are shipped. Комиссионная фирма исполняет поручения иностранных импортеров по закупке товаров.
Container тара, |
Standard intermodal equipment for carrying cargo. |
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контейнер |
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Place where containers may be landed for transit, coastwise |
Container terminal |
carriage, delivery to a container depot or where the containers may be |
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shipped for export. |
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Consignment |
партия отправленного товара, партия прибывшего товара |
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Consignor |
The person/company who consigns or sends the goods forward. |
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грузоотправитель |
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Cranage – 1. пользование |
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подъѐмным краном; 2. |
Charge for use of wharf crane when a ship's own appliances |
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плата за пользование for loading/unloading are not used. |
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подъѐмным краном; |
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Customs entry |
Form on which exporter/importer/agent gives an exact de- |
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таможенная декларация scription of goods to be shipped/landed. |
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Customs tariff |
Tariff detailing duties chargeable for specified imported cargo. |
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Days of grace 1) льгот- |
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ные дни ( для уплаты по |
Days allowed by law or custom for payment of bills of ex- |
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векселю ) 2) льготный |
change (except those payable at sight or on demand) after specified |
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срок 3) период отсрочки |
day of payment. |
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платежа |
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Deadfreight – мѐртвый |
Freight paid for space booked but not used. |
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фрахт |
Плата за зафрахтованное, но неиспользованное место на судне. |
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Demurrage – 1. простой |
1. the delaying of a ship by a failure to load/unload |
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судна; 2. демереджпла- |
2. compensation paid for the delaying of a ship by a failure |
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та за простой; |
to load/unload |
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Person to whom a bill of exchange is transferred by the en-
Endorsee – индоссат, лицо, в
dorsement of a third party. ( to endorse - делать передаточную
пользукоторого сделана пе-
надпись, индоссировать, подписываться под документом, под-
редаточная запись
тверждать правильность и т.п. )
If the b/l is made out to a named consignee, that person must Endorsement of bill пе- endorse the bill before he can obtain delivery of his cargo. Should
редаточная надпись ( на
the bill be consigned "to order" or "shipper's order" the shipper must
чеке, векселе и т.д. ),
endorse the bill before he parts with it.
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индоссамент, жиро,
подпись на обороте,
подтверждение
Endorser индоссант |
One who endorses a bill, and thereby accepts for it. ( лицо, |
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(жирант) |
делающее передаточную надпись, например, на обороте векселя) |
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First of exchange |
First or principal copy of a bill of exchange to be presented |
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первый экземпляр |
and honoured, the other copies then being automatically cancelled. |
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векселя |
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The b/l issued by the oncarrying company to the original |
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Forwarder's bill |
shipping company when goods are sent forward on a voyage com- |
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piled by two ships. Also the bill issued by a shipping agent for a con- |
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of lading |
signment covering composite voyages. ( Forwarder - экспедитор, |
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лицо, принимающее, отправляющее и оформляющее грузы) |
Foul bill of lading
Franco бесплатный
Freight плата за перевозку
Freight forward – фрахт уплачиваемый в порту выгрузки
dirty bill of lading (накладная с оговорками о повреждении товара)
Prepaid or free of all charges. Price includes all charges up to and including delivery to buyer.
Remuneration paid for the safe carriage and delivery of cargo in a merchantable condition.
Freight payable by consignee on arrival of the goods.
Freight плата за перевозку
Freight forward – фрахт уплачиваемый в порту выгрузки
Remuneration paid for the safe carriage and delivery of cargo in a merchantable condition.
Freight payable by consignee on arrival of the goods.
Freight forwarding |
Экспедирование грузов |
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1. агентство по отправке грузов |
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2. |
грузовое транспортно-экспедиционное предприятие (агент- |
Freight forwarder |
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ство) |
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3. |
грузовой экспедитор |
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4. |
отправитель грузов |
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Gross weight – вес |
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Total weight of goods and packing. |
брутто |
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Incoterms – Междуна- |
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Special trade terms for the conducting of international business. |
родные правила толко- |
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Разработаны Международной Торговой Палатой. Сборник |
вания коммерческих |
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«Incoterms» содержит правила толкования 14 базисных |
терминов |
условий поставки. |
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Carriage by different modes of transport, namely road, rail, |
Inter-modal |
sea, aircraft, etc. |
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Landing order разре-
шение на разгрузку (на выгрузку груза)
A document authorising the dock company or wharfinger to receive goods from a ship. Разрешение выгрузить на специальный таможенный склад товары, по которым еще не произведена уп-
лата таможенных платежей.
Letter of credit –
аккредитив
There are many forms of letters of credit. Generally, it is a letter addressed by a merchant or bank in one place to an agent in another place, authorising the latter, under certain conditions, to advance a specified sum of money. The only form providing complete security of payment to the exporter is the "confirmed irrevocable" letter of credit.
Long ton |
используется в Великобритании и составляет 1016.05 кг |
Master (or shipmaster)
Correct term applied to the officer in charge of a merchant ship.
капитан
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