Carriage of the goods. Методические рекомендации

с товара («выпустить» товар) до тех пор, пока все расходы не будут оплачены;

таможенные склады не предназначены для длительного хранения;

таможенные власти пользуются правом наложить арест на товары, тамо-

женная очистка которых не была произведена в течение определѐнного периода;

задержка в доставке приведѐт к отсрочке уплаты по счету, что может повлиять на баланс оборотных средств; авиагрузовая накладная;

коммерческий счѐт («инвойс»); отправитель и получатель груза; данные о мар-

кировке и нумерации упаковочных мест; условия продажи; упаковочный список со-

стоит из детального описания содержимого поставки; он содержит нумерацию и тип упаковочных мест, описание их содержимого, вес нетто и брутто, все пара-

метры и суммарный объѐм каждого упаковочного места; сертификат происхож-

дения может быть получен в торговых палатах; печать организации, которая вы-

дала сертификат; подпись; удостоверить, что …;

EX.3 Answer the following questions:

1.What does the final part of the order cycle involve?

2.Who is often to blame for problems with documentations?

3.What is the first consequence of a mistake in documentation?

4.What does the deferment in paying the storage charges lead to?

5.What are the customs authorities entitled to do with goods which have not been cleared within a certain period?

6.What are the other consequences of delay in delivery?

7.What are the main documentation forms required for exporting as well as for importing the goods?

8.What information does a commercial invoice contain?

9.When should be a certificate of origin completed?

10.What body issues a certificate of origin?

11.What does a packing list detail?

EX.4 Explain the meaning of the following phrases in English:

Customs clearance; to seize the goods;

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WHAT IS A CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN?

A Certificate of Origin (CO) is a document attesting (удостоверяющий ) that goods in a particular export shipment are wholly obtained or produced or manufactured or processed in a particular country (country of origin). Virtually every country in the world considers the origin of imported goods when determining what duty will be assessed on the goods (при определении размера таможенной пошлины, которой будет облагаться товар) or, in some cases, whether the goods may be legally imported at all.

Certificates of Origin may be needed to comply with Letters of Credit

(соответствовать аккредитиву), foreign Customs requirements or a buyer's request. In most countries, chambers of commerce are the key agent in the delivery of certif-

icates of origin. However, in some countries, this privilege may also be extended to other industry groups.

Chambers of commerce around the world receive thousands of trade documents each day from companies preparing international trade shipments. The role of a chamber in the issuance and attestation (выпуск и удостоверение) of Certificates of Origin and shipping documents is unique and vital to the facilitation of international trade.

A COMMERCIAL INVOICE

Commercial invoice also gives the information on the basis of which duty will be assessed. It can usually be prepared on the exporter's own form but the contents must comply with the regulations of the importing country. Amounts have to be set out clearly and the cost of the goods shown separately from the cost of transport and insurance.

EX. 1 Answer the questions:

1.What does a Certificate of Origin attest?

2.When does every country in the world consider the origin of imported goods?

3.What may a Certificate of Origin be needed for?

4.What body issue and attest Certificates of Origin?

5.What documents give the information needed for assessing the size of duties on the goods? What must the content of a commercial invoice comply with?

EX.2 Read the text ―EXPORT DOCUMENTS FOR SPECIFIC COUNTRIES‖

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Exports to U.S.A. Manufacturer goes to Customs for approval of Generalised System of Preferences (GSP Общая Система Преференций) for goods to be exported to United States of America. (Locally produced products) Documents required: Invoice, Local Shipping Bill / Airway Bill, G.S.P (General System of Trade Preferences) Form. Exports to European Union. Manufacturer goes to Long room, Customs Department, for approval of EUR I Form for goods to be exported to European Union. (For goods produced locally). Documents required: Certificate of Origin, Local Shipping Bill/Airway Bill, EUR I Form.

A BILL OF LADING

(part 1)

Every mode of transport has its own specific document which remains the same irrespective of the method of transportation. For air transport it is the air waybill, referred to as the AWB, while for sea transport it is the Bill of Lading shortened frequently to the B/L.

The Bill of Lading is one of the oldest documents used in international trade. Bills of Lading are issued either by shipping lines or by freight forwarders and also by the International Federation of Freight Forwarders Association (FIATA). All Bills of Lading are fairly similar in appearance, the only difference is the name of the shipping line stated at the top. Details of the shipment appear in the body of the document with the space for signature at the bottom. The reverse side is filled with the detailed description of the conditions of carriage which become important when something goes wrong.

The Bill of Lading serves to fulfill three main functions. Its first function is to act as a receipt of goods (грузовая квитанция), as it will include full details of the number of the packages at the description of the goods.

The Bill of Lading is also the contract of carriage between the shipper and the shipping line. The Bill of Lading is completed after the ship has left the port, as the only then can the shipping line complete the parts of the Bill of Lading regarding the name of the vessel and the sailing date.

The third function of the Bill of Lading is a document of title (товарораспорядитель-

ный документ) (a document proving ownership). This means that anyone who presents the Bill of Lading can take the delivery of the goods.

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EX.1 Find the equivalents in the text:

Авиагрузовая накладная; вид транспорта; коносамент; перевозчик; судоходная линия; транспортный агент ( экспедитор); контракт на перевозку; в тексте доку-

мента; место для подписи; выступать в качестве грузовой квитанции; детальное описание условий перевозки; выполнять основные функции; детальное описание ну-

мерации упаковки;

EX.2 Answer the following questions:

1.What consignment note is completed for air transport?

2.What consignment note is completed for sea transport?

3.What bodies issue Bills of Lading?

4.Where is the name of the shipping line stated?

5.What information does the body of the Bill of Lading contain?

6.What information is there on the reverse side of the Bill of Lading?

7.What functions does the Bill of Lading fulfill?

8.What part of the Bill of Lading includes full details of the number of the packages?

9.When is the Bill of Lading completed?

10.What right does anyone presenting the Bill of Lading have?

EX.3 Explain the meaning of the following words and phrases in English:

a receipt of the goods; a document of title; a consignment note; a freight forwarder;

A BILL OF LADING

(part 2)

The exporter obtains the bill of lading from the shipping company and completes it himself or gets his freight forwarder to do it. It is then returned to the shipping company. Bills of lading are usually made out in sets, which consist a number of originals (usually three) and a number of copies.

The originals are signed by the shipping company and therefore become the negotiable (могущий быть переуступленным) title to the goods that the bill of lading covers. Each original is negotiable, but once one has been negotiated the others are void (как только право собственности переуступлено по одному из оригиналов накладной другие оригиналы накладной являются недействительными).

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When the goods are loaded on board the vessel, the shipping company checks the details on the bill and hands it to the exporter. As soon as the bill of lading is received by an exporter, he must arrange for it to be sent to his customer. The bill can either travel with the goods on the ship or the exporter can mail the bill to the customer - either direct or through a bank, depending on the method of payment.

If the handing over of the bill of lading is linked with a method of payment, it is important that all originals are kept together. When payment is arranged under a documentary credit (letter of credit), the terms of the credit usually state that the bill of lading must be clean, shipped, to order and blank endorsed.

This means that the goods must be in apparent good order, be loaded on board the stated vessel and that the bill gives title to any bearer (предъявитель, владелец документа).

Great care must be taken to see that this legal document is made out in the proper way. The procedures for arranging a shipment of goods can be complex. Before goods

can be shipped by sea the exporter or his shipping and forwarding agent must:

Find out freight rates

Select a shipping line and particular vessel

Book shipping space

Register cargo on a shipping note ( погрузочный ордер ) and send shipping note to shipping company

Arrange adequate packing, including shipping marks

Register details on customs entries ( таможенные декларации ) forms and send to customs

Receive calling forward notice from shipping company

Send goods to port with consignment note

Receive bill of lading from shipping company

Pay freight bill

Endorse bill of lading and send copies to shipping line and customer, or to the bank act-

ing as intermediary (посредник).

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Not every exporter has time enough to attend to all of these details himself. He may

wish to use a shipping line and forwarding agent.

EX.1 Answer the questions:

1.Where does the exporter obtain the bill of lading from?

2.Who completes the bill of lading? Where is it then returned to?

3.Who signs the originals of the bill of lading?

4.When the bill of lading becomes the negotiable title to the goods that it covers?

5.What documents become void when one of the originals of the bill of lading has been negotiated?

6.When does the shipping company hand the bill of lading to the exporter?

7.What should the exporter do as soon as he receives the bill of lading?

8.How can the bill of lading be sent to the customer?

9.What requirements is the bill of lading to meet when payment is arranged under a

documentary credit (letter of credit)?

10.What actions must the exporter or his shipping and forwarding agent take to arrange a shipment of the goods by sea?

EX. 2 Translate the following sentences into Russian.

1.В процессе подготовки груза к перевозке, грузоотправитель составляет на-

кладную.

2.Грузоотправитель представляет накладную в порт, где устанавливают сроки погрузки груза в судно, которые указывают в накладной. (to fix the time of loading – устанавливать сроки погрузки);

3.В установленный срок грузоотправитель обязан доставить груз на причал, где проверяется состояние груза и упаковки, соответствие груза данным, указан-

ным в накладной.

4.После того, как груз был принят, его размещают на грузовом складе ( a warehouse) , а в накладной указывают место складирования ( warehousing ).

5.Накладную передают в грузовую контору порта, где рассчитывают сумму платежей, причитающуюся за перевозку и другие операции. Результаты расчѐ-

тов вносят в накладную (to calculate рассчитывать; to insert into – вносить;

to be due причитаться).

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6.После получения из грузовой конторы накладной грузы, находящиеся на при-

чале (a berth), начинают подготавливать к погрузке. После погрузки груза на-

кладную передают в судно.

7.В порту назначения (a port of destination) проверяют соответствие количества мест, марок и знаков, указанных в накладной, а также состояние тары и упа-

ковки.

8.Прибывший в порт назначения груз выдают грузополучателю, который распи-

сывается за получение груза. (to sign for the receipt of the cargo – расписы-

ваться за получение груза)

9.В грузовой конторе порта рассчитывают сумму платы за хранение (storage) груза.

10.После того, как грузополучатель уплачивает все причитающиеся по выдаче груза платежи, ему выдаѐтся накладная и разрешение (a permit) на вывоз груза с территории порта(to take the cargo away from the portвывозить груз с тер-

ритории порта).

FORM OF BILL OF LADING

Bill of Lading No. …

Shipped in apparent good order and condition by _________________

on board the steamship/ motor vessel called the

______________________________

where of Master is

____________________________________________________________

trading under R.F. flag, Owners Baltic State Steamship Line, Carrier

___________________

and now lying in ______________________ the following goods, viz.: SUPPLIER: IMPORT INSTITUTION:

TERMS OF DELIVERY:

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN:

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CONSIGNEE:

(address)

5

WEIGHT : Total Gross

Total Net

VALUE

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Being marked and numbered as above but not guaranteed for the adequacy of marks and to be carried and delivered subject to all conditions, terms and clauses inserted into this Bill of Lading in the apparent good order and condition4 from the ship‘s deck (either into lighters or on the quay at Master‘s option) where the responsibility of the Carrier for the Carriage of aforesaid goods shall cease.

The goods to be delivered at the port of … or as near there as the ship may safely get always afloat, to the Consignee or to his or their assigns, on payment of freight as per margin5 of this Bill of Lading and all other charges due under this contract of carriage.

1Cubic measurement – кубатура;

2received on account of freight - получено в счѐт уплаты за фрахт ( сумма, уплаченная грузоотправителем при отправлении груза);

3to be paid by Consignee - уплачено грузополучателем ( сумма, уплаченная грузополучателем по окончательному расчѐту при выдаче груза в порту прибытия, и включающая плату за погрузку, выгрузку и хранение груза);

4in the apparent good order and condition - с внешней стороны в полной исправности и в хорошем состоянии;

5as per margin – согласно разнице (между фактической стоимостью транспортировки груза, включающей провозную плату, плату за погрузку, выгрузку и хранение груза, и суммой, уплаченной грузоотправителем при отправлении груза).

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Nothing of this Bill of Lading whether printed, or written, or stamped shall limit or affect the above–mentioned conditions. If the freight and all charges in connection with the contract of carriage payable on or before delivery of goods have not been paid, the Carrier, on delivery of the goods to warehouse ( warehousemen), or into lighters (lightermen) or other custodian entrusted to hold the goods for their Owner, shall be entitled to stipulate that the custodian shall not part with the possession ( хранитель не должен выпускать из своего владения) thereof until payment has been made of full freight and any other charges due under this contract of carriage.

Neither the weight nor the measure of the goods carried in bulk as well as the conformity of all kinds with their description in the Bill of Lading are checked by the Carrier during loading.

The shipper, the receiver of the goods and the holder of the Bill of Lading as well as any other person interested hereby expressly accept or agree to all printed, written or stamped provisions of this Bill of lading including those on the back hereof.

In witness whereof the Master, carrier or his Agent has affirmed to … Bill of

Lading, all of this tenor and date, one of which being accomplished the others to stand void ( если один из коносаментов будет использован, то другие являются недей-

ствительными). One Bill of Lading duly endorsed is to be given up in exchange for the goods, or for delivery order for same.

Dated in … this … day of … 200…

EX. Find the equivalents of the following phrases in the text.

пароходная линия (пароходство); грузополучатель; соответствие марки-

ровки; с соблюдением всех положений, условий и пунктов; ответственность пе-

ревозчика за перевозку вышеупомянутых товаров прекращается; расходы ( из-

держки), которые должны быть оплачены по контракту на перевозку; должен быть вправе поставить условие, что …; ни вес, ни размеры груза, перевозимого без упаковки, а так же соответствие всех видов ( груза) их описанию в коноса-

менте не проверяется перевозчиком во время погрузки; в удостоверение чего ка-

питан, перевозчик и его консигнационный агент подписали коносамент; деливе-

ри–ордер ( распоряжение о выдаче товара); держатель коносамента , а также другие заинтересованные лица принимают и соглашаются на положения, усло-

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вия и оговорки данного коносамента, включая те, которые указаны на его об-

ратной стороне;

VOCABULARY:

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