Carriage of the goods. Методические рекомендации
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COMPLAINT ABOUT THE BUYERS‘ FAILING TO ADVISE THE SELLERS OF THE
EXPECTED ARRIVAL OF A VESSEL AT THE PORT OF LOADING
Dear Sirs,
M.T. ‗Binta‘. Contract No.525 dated Jan. 10.20……….
We have just received a telegram from Novorossijsk informing us of the arrival of the M.T. ‗Binta‘ for lifting 10,000 tons of Gasoil against our Contract No. 525. We would like to point out that up to the present moment we have not had any advice from you about the chartering of this vessel. In this connection we refer to your letter of the 20th July,
20…., in which you informed us that you had not yet chartered a tanker and in which you promised to cable us immediately after chartering it. The unexpected arrival of the M.T.
‗Binta‘ at Novorossijsk has put us in a difficult position so far as loading arrangements are concerned. Although in this case we have taken measures to ensure that the loading of the vessel should be effected without delay, we must insist, in accordance with the contract, that in future you should inform us of the names of the vessels chartered by you as well as of their approximate loading dates at least two weeks before the expected arrival of each vessel at the port of loading.
Yours faithfully, ….
Dear Sirs,
M.T. ‗Binta‘ Contract No. 525 dated Jan. 10.20….
We are in receipt of your letter of the 11th August and have to apologize for failing to give you due notice of the chartering of the M.T. ‗Binta‘ and of the date of her expected arrival at Novorossijsk.
As a matter of fact, the ‗Binta‘ was originally placed by us for loading oil products in the Persian Gulf, but when we subsequently decided to send her to Novorossijsk , we omitted, through an oversight, to advise you of it. We thank you for taking measures to start loading the tanker without delay and assure you that in future you will be notified in due time of the expected arrival of each tanker chartered by us against Contract No. 525.
Yours faithfully,
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NOTICE OF READINESS
In foreign ports the ship‘s administration has to contact many official organization and persons in order to secure normal work of the ship. First of all , in accordance with Chapter-Party terms, the ship is to send the notice of the readiness to load or to discharge. This should be done immediately on arrival at the port. Usually a notice of readiness contains the following information:
The name of the ship;
Time of arrival;
The number of Berth at which the ship is moored;
Description and quantity of cargo;
Time of beginning and expiring of lay days;
As a rule, a notice of readiness is sent to shippers or consignees through the ship‘s agents. Notices of readiness are important formal document because the laytime begins to count some hours later from the moment when the notice has been accepted.
As stated in Charter Party, lay days shall commence at 1 p.m. if notice is accepted before noon. Lay days will commence at 8 a.m. next working days, if notice is accepted during office hours after noon.
EX.1 Find the equivalents of the following phrases in the text:
Обеспечить нормальную работу судна; номер причала, у которого судно от-
швартовано; сталийное время начинает засчитываться с того момента, когда уведомление принимается;
EX.2 Answer the questions.
1.What information does a notice of readiness contain?
2.Why is it very important to send the notice of the readiness immediately on arrival at the port?
3.When do lay days commence if notice is accepted before noon?
4.When do lay days commence if notice is accepted during office hours after noon? EX.3 Translate into Russian.
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В иностранных портах нашим морякам приходится проводить переговоры с должностными лицами. Эти переговоры необходимы для того, чтобы обеспечить нормальную работу судна. Кроме того, командному составу судов приходится пи-
сать немало официальных писем по приходу судна в порт. Прежде всего, требуется составить и вручить нотисы о готовности судна к погрузке и выгрузке. Нотисы должны быть подписаны капитаном. В нотисах указывается, когда судно прибыло,
у какого причала оно отшвартовано, какой груз и в каком количестве оно готово разгружать или принимать на борт. Агент принимает эти нотисы и позже вручает их адресатам. Сталийное время начинается засчитываться после принятия нотисов.
EX.4 Read and translate Articles 51, 52, 53 of THE TAIWANESE SEA CARRIAGE LAW;
Notice of arrival of goods and discharging of sea carriage liability
(1)After the arrival of the goods, the carrier or the master shall immediately give notice to the notify party or the consignee who has been named by the shipper.
(2)When the unloaded goods have been discharged from the ship, the carrier or the master shall be discharged from his sea carriage liability.
Warehousing of late demanded goods
(1)Where a consignee neglects in taking delivery of his goods, the carrier or the master may deposit the goods in a warehouse operated by the port authority or a legitimately operated warehouse and shall notify the consignee.
(2)Where a consignee has refused to take delivery of the goods, the carrier or the master may deal with the matter as provided by the preceding paragraph and shall notify the shipper and the consignee.
Notice of readiness and the calculation of lay time
(1)Where the whole or part of a ship is being used for carriage, the carrier is not allowed to issue a notice of readiness to load or unload unless the ship has completed the preparation for loading or unloading.
(2)The lay time shall commence from the next day after the service of the notice prescribed in the preceding paragraph. Non-working holidays and impossible loading or unloading days are excluded from the lay time. When the reasonable lay time is
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exceeded, the shipowner may claim for reasonable damages in according to the days
exceeded.
(3)Where the lay time is exceeded as described in the preceding paragraph, the holidays and the impossible loading or unloading days shall also be counted as lay time.
VOCABULARY:
The notify party – сторона (указанная в накладной), которую перевозчик грузов должен информировать о доставке груза в порт назначения;
To commence – начинаться;
To exceed превышать, превосходить;
To discharge a cargo выгружать груз;
To discharge from liability освобождать от обязательств.
FREIGHT FORWARDERS
Freight forwarders hold an important position in international trade. Traditionally they were mainly engaged in assisting merchants in connection with preparing and booking the cargo for carriage. In doing so, they would perform a number of services ancillary (сопутствующие) to the carriage and also contract for carriage as an agent of the merchant.
Shipping and forwarding agents are aware of all the different modes of transport for different markets, on the cost and on the suitability of each mode. Their job involves booking space, arranging documentation, and in many cases, collecting the goods from the factory and transporting them to the docks, airport, railway station and road collection point.
In some cases, freight forwarders would at the same time act as agents for carriers, particularly liner shipping companies for the carriage of goods by sea. The freight forwarding services would also normally include the clearance of the goods for export in the country of shipment and for import into the country of destination. They arrange payment of freight charges and insurance, if necessary, and handle collection of necessary documents.
Individual exporters must decide whether to use a freight forwarder or their own export office.
EX.1 Find the equivalents of the following phrases in the text.
грузовое транспортно-экспедиционное агентство (экспедитор); заниматься помощью торговцам; заключать контракт на перевозку в качестве агента;
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агентства осведомлены о различных видах транспорта; их работа включает заказ грузового пространства (трюма); перевозчик (транспортное агентство); тамо-
женная очистка; плата за перевозку; заниматься сбором документов
EX.2 Answer the questions. |
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1.What kind of customers do freight forwarders render assistance?
2.What matters are freight forwarders expert on?
3.What services do freight forwarders perform when they act as agents of the merchant?
4.What services do freight forwarders perform when they act as agents of carriers?
EX. 3 Read the advertisement placed by Freight and Shipping, Inc in the Internet and
answer the questions:
What services does Freight and Shipping, Inc provide?
What ways of saving money and time does Freight and Shipping, Inc advertise?
At Freight and Shipping, Inc., we are dedicated to top-of-the-line service1 as well as up to the minute quotes2. We provide discount shipping services with our access3 to over 60 trucking companies. Our services here at Freight and Shipping, Inc. offer you access to discount freight rates for commercial and residential shipping. We offer free online quotes and freight services from and to any point in the United States, as well as International destinations. Call now and speak with one of our helpful freight agents, Our highly trained staff will help you with all of your shipping needs. First time shippers save time and money by using our discounted freight services.
SHIPPING AND FORWARDING
A lot of correspondence regarding transport is between firms in the same country: for example, sellers make arrangements with forwarding agents or shipowners, while buyers frequently have to contact agents or carriers in their own country when the goods are to be collected from a harbour, airport or railway station.
The Seller or the Buyer – depending upon which party is responsible under the terms of payment for transport arrangements – has to know how much it will cost to deliv-
1we are dedicated to top-of-the-line serviceмы оказываем самые современные услуги;
2we are dedicated … up to the minute quotesпри назначении цены мы учитываем время с точностью до минуты;
3access – доступ.
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er the goods. If he is going to deal with regular shipments between specific ports, he will know the normal freight rates and will be kept informed about the changes. But in other cases he will have to make enquiries, as in the following letters:
1. Dear Sirs,
Please quote us your freight rate for cased machinery equipment for shipment from Liverpool to St. Petersburg and let us know when you will be sailing to Russia during the next two months.
Yours faithfully, …
1. Dear Sirs,
We are about to makeup an order for a customer in Naples, and in accordance with the terms of the letter of credit the consignment has to be shipped by 23 June at the latest.
Please inform us whether your “Italica” will be able to meet the requirements and kindly quote us a rate for the voyage.
Yours faithfully, …
Habitually, a shipping line issues a sailing card that gives particulars of loading and sailing dates of some cargo vessels sailing between some specific countries. If sailings are infrequent, space has to be reserved in advance.
Further you will find the possible replies to letter 1 and letter 2.
1. Dear Sirs,
We have received your enquiry of …, and can advise you that our current freight rate for cased machinery equipment, Liverpool-St. Petersburg, is … per metric tone or 10 cubic meters. We sail twice a week, and the whole voyage takes five days. We enclose our sailing card for “S.S. Night Star” and our shipping instruction form. We would appreciate it if you would kindly complete and return the latter as soon as possible.
Yours faithfully, …
2.Dear Sirs,
In reply to your letter of …, we are pleased to inform you that “Italica” will be receiving cargo from 20 to 27 June inclusive, and is expected to commence loading on 23rd. We see no reason why your goods should not be on board by this date, but suggest that the three containers should be delivered to the ship on the opening date.
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If the consignor finds the rate acceptable, he will send an advice note to the shipowning firm or agent:
Dear Sirs,
Thank you for your letter of … We have noted that your “S.S. Night Star” is receiving cargo for Liverpool on the 9th of this month, and are making arrangements for our equipment to be delivered to the ship.
We are enclosing your shipping instructions form, duly completed.
Yours faithfully, …
After arrangements have been made, the senders will inform the customers that the merchandise is on the way. This type of communication is known as an advice of dispatch, and normally the information is typed on a printed form and sent together with a cover note.
EX.1 Find the equivalents in the text:
Экспедитор; фрахтовые ставки; железнодорожная станция; прилагать су-
довое расписание; должным образом заполненный; до 27 июня включительно; да-
та погрузки; груз; уведомление об отгрузке; по открытой дате; договариваться о
(чѐм-либо); зарезервировать заранее место для груза; связаться с экспедитором;
начать погрузку; товары; порт; грузоотправитель; свидетельство о временной страховке груза («ковернот»); обязательства по транспортировке груза; начинать погрузку; заполнять бланк-инструкцию по отгрузке; извещение; перевозка и экспе-
диторские операции;
EX.2 Translate the following words and phrases and learn their pronunciation:
Voyage; vessel; to quote; inclusive; cubic metres; habitually; current; merchandise;
EX.3 Answer the following questions:
1.Whom do sellers and buyers have to contact when they want to make transport arrangements?
2.Is it necessary for the consignor to make enquiries to know freight rates when he is going to deal with regular shipments between specific ports?
3.In what case is it necessary to make enquiries to know the freight rate for the shipment of the goods?
4.What information does the writer of letter 1 want to know?
5.Why does the writer of letter 2 want his consignment to be shipped at the nearest
possible date? What does he want to know?
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6.What is enclosed with the reply to letter 1?
7.Can the carrier meet the requirements of the writer of letter 1 regarding the date of shipment? What does the carrier suggest in his letter?
8.What document can the customer send to the carrier (or agents) if he finds the rate acceptable?
9.What does an advice of dispatch inform the customer about?
THE ADVICE OF DISPATCH
This advice of dispatch follows the order acknowledgement.
Dear Sirs,
We have pleasure in notifying you that your credit was confirmed by our bank yesterday, 19th November. We have had the 1900 dresses collected today for transport by Delta Airlines to Chicago on 25th November.
Enclosed is our invoice for the goods in question plus the extra charges for airfreight , packing list to facilitate customs clearance at your end, certificate of origin, air waybill and insurance policy.
Hoping that this initial order will lead to further business.
Yours faithfully, …
The first thing before writing such a letter is to examine carefully whether the partner‘s account is valid or not. So in the first paragraph we come across the phrase ―your credit was confirmed by your bank yesterday‖. The next paragraph deals with the documents, which are necessary while importing goods: invoice, packing lists, certificate of origin, air waybill and insurance policy. As it is the initial order by the Buyer, the Seller hopes to encourage him to place further orders, so their last phrase sounds very polite.
EX. Find the equivalents in the texts:
В строгом соответствии с условиями; подтверждать получение; выполнять заказ; настоящим письмом мы акцептуем и подтверждаем условия во всех отно-
шениях; извещение об отправке; подтверждение получения заказа ; нам приятно известить вас, что…; (банковский) счѐт; действительный; счѐт-фактура; прила-
гается …; сертификат происхождения; авиагрузовая накладная; упаковочный спи-
сок; страховой полис;
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EXPORT – IMPORT DOCUMENTATION |
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The acquisition of overseas customers is only the first step in selling the goods. The job is not complete until a consignee has physically received the consignment and the consigner has been paid. The final part of the order cycle involves completing the documentation requirements1, arranging the transport and ensuring payment.
Every exporter can recall a horror story related to problems with documentation. Of course, some problems may be unavoidable, but in too many cases it is the exporter who
has not been punctual in providing required documents.
Errors in documentation cost money. The first consequence of a mistake is a delay in the consignment which may be kept in a warehouse under customs control. Whenever the delay occurs, storage charges will become payable almost immediately, and they have a
tendency to rise as the delay extends.
The storage charges have to be paid in full. The warehouse operator will simply refuse the goods until all charges have been settled. The customs warehouses are not meant for long-term storage, that is why most customs authorities exercise their power2 to seize goods3 which have not been cleared through customs within a certain period.
The other danger of delay is the loss of confidence by the customer. Moreover, any delay in delivery will immediately lead to a deferment in settlement of the invoice, which
will affect cash flow 4. |
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Documentation for export is not complicated. Many of the forms required for importing goods are the same for exporting. These include invoices, packing lists, the certificate of origin, the CMR form5, the Bill of Lading and the air waybill. The first three forms are issued by the consigner, the rest should be completed by carriers.
The basic documents used both in export and import is a commercial invoice. The details that will always appear in it are the names, addresses and other information about the consigner and the consignee and a full description of the goods. Other details on the invoice will be the marks and number of the packages, the price and terms of sale. Normally,
1completing the documentation requirements - выполнение требований по оформлениюдокументов; 2exercise their power – воспользоваться своей властью;
3to seize goods - наложить арест на товары; 4cash flow - баланс оборотных средств;
5the CMR form – транспортная накладная (Си - Эм – Ар – форма).
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every invoice should contain a statement about the origin of the goods and in some cases it is compulsory to state the country of origin.
The other document is frequently requested is a certificate of origin, which should be completed before the goods are exported. Usually certificates of origin are obtainable from chambers of commerce.
CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN
This is to certify that the goods described below:
Name of merchandise |
Number of parcels |
Packing |
Marking |
Weight |
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Shipped the _____ (data)_____ by _____(consignor)_____from ___(city and country)____to ____(consignee)____of
___(city and country)____ to the address of ____________ are actually of Russian origin. (Signature)
Seal of the organization by which the certificate is issued
A packing list will detail the contents of a consignment. It contains the number and kind of packages, their contents, the net and gross weight (in kilograms as a rule) and the full dimension and total size of each package.
EX.1 Translate the following words and learn their pronunciation:
acquisition; consequence; consignee; cycle; deferment; dimensions; punctual; obtainable; compulsory; to seize; to issue; to clear the goods through the customs; to extend; to affect; to occur; to rise ; to be meant for; unavoidable; to ensure;
EX.2 Find the equivalents of the following words and phrases in the text:
Потеря доверия; вес нетто и брутто; ошибки в документации; расходы на хра-
нение должны быть оплачены полностью; возрастать по мере того, как увеличи-
вается срок задержки; под таможенным контролем; отказываться снять ареста
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