Теоретическая грамматика (английский язык). Практикум

Change of scene, and absence of the necessity for thought, will restore the mental equilibrium.»

George has a cousin, who is usually described in the charge-sheet as a medical student, so that he naturally has a somewhat family-physi- cianary way of putting things.

I agreed with George, and suggested that we should seek out some retired and old-world spot, far from the madding crowd, and dream away a sunny week among its drowsy lanes – some half-forgotten nook, hidden away by the fairies, out of reach of the noisy world - some quaint-perched eyrie on the cliffs of Time, from whence the surging waves of the nineteenth century would sound far-off and faint.

Harris said he thought it would be humpy. He said he knew the sort of place I meant; where everybody went to bed at eight o’clock, and you couldn’t get a Referee for love or money, and had to walk ten miles to get your baccy.

«No,» said Harris, «if you want rest and change, you can’t beat a sea trip».

I objected to the sea trip strongly. A sea trip does you good when you are going to have a couple of months of it, but, for a week, it is wicked.

(from J. K. Jerome «Three Men in a Boat»)

3. No, he had never written about Paris. Not the Paris that he cared about. But what about the rest that he had never written?

What about the ranch and the silvered gray of the sage brush, the quick, clear water in the irrigation ditches, and the heavy green of the alfalfa. The trail went up into the hills and the cattle in the summer were shy as deer. The bawling and the steady noise and slow-moving mass raising a dust as you brought them in the fall. And behind the mountains, the clear sharpness of the peak in the evening light and, riding down along the trail in the moonlight, bright across the valley. Now he remembered coming down through the timber in the dark holding the horse’s tail when you could not see and all the stories that he meant to write.

About the half-wit chore boy who was left at the ranch that time and told not to let any one get any hay, and that old bastard from the Forks who had beaten the boy when he had worked for him stopping to get some food. The boy refused and the old man saying he would beat him again. The boy got the rifle from the kitchen and shot him when he

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tried to come into the barn and when they came back to the ranch he’d been dead a week, frozen in the corral, and the dogs had eaten part of him. But what was left you packed on a sled wrapped in a blanket and roped on and you got the boy to help you haul it, and the two of you took it out over the road on skis, and 60 miles down to town to turn the boy over. He having no idea that he would be arrested. Thinking he had done his duty and that you were his friends and he would be rewarded. He’d helped to haul the old man in so everybody could know how bad the old man had been and how he’d tried to steal some food that didn’t belong to him, and when the sheriff put the hand-cuffs on the boy he couldn’t believe it. Then he started to cry. That was one story he had saved to write. He knew at least twenty good stories from out there and he had never written one. Why?

(from E. Hemingway «The Snows of Kilimanjaro»)

Exercise 3. Dwell on the means of cohesion in the following piece. Can this piece be considered as a strictly coherent text?

One night we started for Bradford. Bradford is a tiny village not far from Nottingham. Nottingham is a very old city. A city is usually a rather large town, with a cathedral. A cathedral is a large, beautifully decorated church, the chief one of a Christian Diocese. Diocese is the area under the control of a bishop. A bishop is a high-ranking priest in charge of all the churches and priests in a large area. A bishop can be moved any number of squares from one corner towards the opposite corner. Poets’ Corner is a part of Westminster Abbey where many famous English poets and writers are buried, one of them is Geoffrey Chaucer. Chaucer is best known for his long poem «The Canterbury Tales». The Archbishop of Canterbury is the head of the Church of England. In England there are many old cities, one of them is Nottingham, not far from which is Bradford. We started for Bradford in the first sentence of this story.

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Литература

Основная

1.Bloch M. Y. A Course in Theoretical English Grammar. M., 2000.

Р.6–26.

2.Блох М. Я. Теоретические основы грамматики. М.: Высшая школа, 2010.

3.Худяков А. А. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка: учеб. пособие для студ. филол. фак-тов и фак-тов ин. языков вузов. 3-е изд., стер. М.: Академия, 2012. 255 с.

Дополнительная

1.Ilyish B. The structure of Modern English. L., 1971 Р. 27–35, 66–72.

2.Iofik L. L., Chakhoyan L. P. Readings in the theory of English Grammar.

3.Арутюнова Н. Д. Предложение и его смысл: логико-семанти- ческие проблемы. М., 2000.

4.Бархударов Л. С. Структура простого предложения современного английского языка. М., 1982.

5.Бузаров В. В. (Buzarov V. V.) Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка (Theoretical grammar of English): учеб.-метод. пособие (workbook of Practice) / Бузаров Владимир Васильевич; М-во образования и науки Рос. Федерации, ГОУ ВПО «Ставроп. гос. ун-т». Ставрополь: Изд-во СГУ, 2011. 142 с. Библиогр.:

С.135-140. Текст на англ. яз. (2011).

6.Иванова И. П., Бурлакова В. В., Почепцов Г. Г. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка. М., 1981. С. 9–13.

7.Слюсарева Н. А. Проблемы функционального синтаксиса современного английского языка. М., 1981.

8.Хлебникова И. Б. Оппозиции в морфологии. М., 1969.

Интернет-ресурсы

1. http://www.sil.org/linguistics/GlossaryOfLinguisticTerms – глоссарий, содержащий более 900 лингвистических терминов с перекрестными ссылками и списком источников (SIL International) / ред. Е. Е. Loos, S.Anderson. D. H. Day Jr., P. C. Jourdan, J. D. Wingate.

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Содержание

Предисловие . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Раздел 1

Морфология

Chapter 1

MORPHOLOGY

1. The Subject of Theoretical Grammar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 2. Morphemic structure of the word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 3. Categorial structure of the word . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 4. Grammatical Classes of Words . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5. The Noun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 6. The Verb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 7. The Adjective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 8. The Adverb . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35

Раздел 2

Синтаксис

Chapter 2

SYNTAX

9. Basic problems of constructive syntax . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 10. The problem of sentence types (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 11. The problem of sentence types (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48 12. Communicative syntax (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 13. Communicative syntax (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 14. Semantic Syntax. Pragmatic aspects of syntax (part 1) . . . . 62 15. Semantic Syntax. Pragmatic aspects of syntax (part 2) . . . . 65 16. Colloquial syntax (part 1) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 17. Colloquial syntax (part 2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 18. Linguistics of the text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

Литература . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93

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