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ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ©Ɋɟɚɜɢɡª
ɈɋɌɊȺə ɌɊȺȼɆȺɌɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɊȿȺɄɐɂə ɉȺɌɈȽȿɇȿɁ ɄɅȺɋɋɂɎɂɄȺɐɂə ɉɊɂɇɐɂɉɕ ɈɄȺɁȺɇɂə ɉȿɊȼɈɃ ɉɈɆɈɓɂ
ɍɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ
2025
ɍȾɄ 616-001 ȻȻɄ 54.58
Ɉ
Ɋɟɰɟɧɡɟɧɬɵ
Ɇɚɫɥɹɤɨɜ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɨɜɢɱ – ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ©Ɋɟɚɜɢɡª; ɍɪɹɞɨɜ ɋɟɪɝɟɣ ȿɜɝɟɧɶɟɜɢɱ – ɞɨɤɬɨɪ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɯ ɧɚɭɤ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɨɪ ɋɚɪɚɬɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ©Ɋɟɚɜɢɡª
Ⱥɜɬɨɪɵ-ɫɨɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɢ
Ɇ Ⱥ ɉɨɥɢɞɚɧɨɜ ȼ ȼ Ɇɚɫɥɹɤɨɜ, Ɋ Ɍ ɋɭɥɚɣɦɚɧɨɜɚ ɋ ȼ Ʉɚɩɪɚɥɨɜ, Ɋ ɉ ɉɟɬɪɭɧɶɤɢɧ Ʉ Ⱥ ȼɨɥɤɨɜ
Ɉ Ɉɫɬɪɚɹ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɜɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɭɱɟɛɧɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ / Ɇ Ⱥ ɉɨɥɢɞɚ ɧɨɜ ȼ ȼ Ɇɚɫɥɹɤɨɜ Ɋ Ɍ ɋɭɥɚɣɦɚɧɨɜɚ ɋ ȼ Ʉɚɩɪɚɥɨɜ Ɋ ɉ ɉɟɬɪɭɧɶɤɢɧ Ʉ Ⱥ ȼɨɥɤɨɜ. – ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ ɍɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ©Ɋɟɚɜɢɡª – 38 ɫ
ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɧɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚ ɤɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɚɤ ɲɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɧɨɡɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ
ȼ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɭ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯɨɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɩɟɪɜɨɣɩɨɦɨɳɢɩɪɢɨɫɬɪɨɣɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ Ɇɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɫɨɛɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɥɟɱɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɬɨɦɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɭɥɶɬɟɬɨɜ ɢɡɭɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɭɸ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨ
ɝɢɸ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɭ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮ ɢ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɢ.
ɍȾɄ 616-001 ȻȻɄ 54.58
Ɇɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɢɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬ ©Ɋɟɚɜɢɡª
©ɉɨɥɢɞɚɧɨɜ Ɇ Ⱥ Ɇɚɫɥɹɤɨɜ ȼ ȼ ɋɭɥɚɣɦɚɧɨɜɚ Ɋ Ɍ Ʉɚɩɪɚɥɨɜ ɋ ȼ ɉɟɬɪɭɧɶɤɢɧ Ɋ ɉ ȼɨɥɤɨɜ Ʉ Ⱥ , 2025
2
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ɈȽɅȺȼɅȿɇɂȿ |
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ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɋɈɄɊȺɓȿɇɂɃ......................................................................................... |
5 |
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ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ.................................................................................................................. |
6 |
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ɉȺɌɈȽȿɇȿɁ ɒɈɄȺ............................................................................................... |
7 |
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ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ................................................................................ |
8 |
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1.2 |
ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ......................................... |
8 |
ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ................................................................................. |
10 |
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ɗɬɢɨɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɹ.......................................................... |
11 |
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1.5 |
Ɉɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɨɫɬɪɚɞɚɜɲɢɯ |
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ɜ ɱɪɟɡɜɵɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɹɯ ɫ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɜɢɞɚɦɢ ɲɨɤɚ.................................. |
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1.5.1 ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ........................................................................................... |
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1.5.2 ȼɪɚɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɩɟɪɜɢɱɧɚɹ ɦɟɞɢɤɨ-ɫɚɧɢɬɚɪɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ................................ |
13 |
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ɋɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɧɚɹ |
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ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɫɤɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ.......................................................................................... |
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2 ȽɂɉɈȼɈɅȿɆɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɒɈɄ........................................................................... |
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Ʉɥɢɧɢɤɚ............................................................................................................. |
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Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ....................................................................................... |
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3 ȽȿɆɈɊɊȺȽɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɒɈɄ ............................................................................... |
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3.1 |
ɉɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡ........................................................................................................... |
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3.2 |
Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ...................................................................................................... |
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3.3 |
Ʌɟɱɟɧɢɟ.............................................................................................................. |
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4 ɈɀɈȽɈȼɕɃ ɒɈɄ................................................................................................ |
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4.1 |
ɉɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡ........................................................................................................... |
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4.2 |
Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ...................................................................................................... |
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4.3 |
Ʌɟɱɟɧɢɟ.............................................................................................................. |
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4.3.1 Ⱥɧɚɥɝɟɡɢɹ.................................................................................................... |
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4.3.2 ɂɧɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɨ-ɬɪɚɧɫɮɭɡɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɬɟɪɚɩɢɹ.................................................... |
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4.3.3 Ʉɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɪɟɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɤɪɨɜɢ........................... |
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4.4 |
ɉɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɀɄɌ............................................... |
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4.5 |
ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɞɢɭɪɟɡɚ.................................................................................. |
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5 ɄȺɊȾɂɈȽȿɇɇɕɃ ɒɈɄ...................................................................................... |
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ɗɬɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ.......................................................................................................... |
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ɉɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡ........................................................................................................... |
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3
Ʉɥɢɧɢɤɚ............................................................................................................. |
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Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ...................................................................................................... |
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Ʌɟɱɟɧɢɟ.............................................................................................................. |
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6 ȺɇȺɎɂɅȺɄɌɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɒɈɄ........................................................................... |
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6.1 |
ɗɬɢɨɥɨɝɢɹ ɢ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡ..................................................................................... |
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6.2 |
Ʉɥɢɧɢɤɚ............................................................................................................. |
29 |
6.3 |
Ⱦɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ...................................................................................................... |
30 |
6.4 |
Ʌɟɱɟɧɢɟ.............................................................................................................. |
30 |
ɁȺɄɅɘɑȿɇɂȿ ......................................................................................................... |
31 |
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ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖɇɕȿ ȼɈɉɊɈɋɕ .................................................................................. |
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ɋɂɌɍȺɐɂɈɇɇɕȿ ɁȺȾȺɑɂ.................................................................................. |
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ɌȿɋɌɕ ȾɅə ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅə ɁɇȺɇɂɃ ...................................................................... |
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ȻɂȻɅɂɈȽɊȺɎɂɑȿɋɄɂɃ ɋɉɂɋɈɄ...................................................................... |
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4
ɋɉɂɋɈɄ ɋɈɄɊȺɓȿɇɂɃ
ȺȾ – ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ Ⱥɒ – ɚɧɚɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɲɨɤ ȼɧɟɄɀ – ɜɧɟɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ
ȼɧɭɄɀ – ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ Ⱦȼɋ – ɞɢɫɫɟɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɜɪɭɬɪɢɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɟ ɫɜɟɪɬɵɜɚɧɢɟ Ʉɒ – ɤɚɪɞɢɨɝɟɧɧɵɣ ɲɨɤ ɆɌ – ɦɚɫɫɚ ɬɟɥɚ Ɉɛɳɀ – ɨɛɳɚɹ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɶ
ɈɐɄ – ɨɛɴɟɦ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɋȼ – ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɪɨɫ ɑȾȾ – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɞɵɯɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ
ɑɋɋ – ɱɚɫɬɨɬɚ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɵɯ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɣ
5
ȼȼȿȾȿɇɂȿ
ȼ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɟ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ ɧɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɚ ɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɚɤ ɲɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɬɶ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɝɨ ɫɩɟɤɬɪɚ ɧɨɡɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɬɪɟɛɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɟɨɬ ɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɤɨɪɪɟɤɰɢɢ
ɒɨɤ – ɷɬɨ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɜ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɟ ɢ ɫɭɛɫɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɢɩɨɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɉɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɲɨɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɝɢɩɨɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɹ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɟ ɧɟɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɨɛɴɟɦɨɦ ɰɢɪɤɭ ɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶɸ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜ ɪɹɞɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɬɪɚɢɥɢ ɷɤɬɪɚ ɤɚɪɞɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ȼɵɫɨɤɚɹ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɲɨɤɚ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɨɛɥɚ ɫɬɹɯɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɟɧɚɬɟɦ ɱɬɨɞɚɧɧɨɟɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬɨɫɥɨɠɧɹɬɶɬɟɱɟɧɢɟɬɹɠɟɥɨɣɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɚɤɭɲɟɪɫɤɨɣ ɯɢɪɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɞɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɢ ɬ ɞ ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɷɬɢɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɸɱɟɜɵɯ ɷɬɢɨɩɚɬɨɝɟ ɧɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɪɚɱɟɣ ɜɫɟɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɟɣ
ɒɨɤ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɠɢɡɧɟɭɝɪɨɠɚɸɳɢɦ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟɦ ɫ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɥɟ ɬɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢɫɯɨɞɚ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɨ ɥɢɨɪɝɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɞɢɚɝɧɨɫɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶ ɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɧɟɨɬɥɨɠɧɨɣ ɩɨɦɨɳɢ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
6
1 ɉȺɌɈȽȿɇȿɁ ɒɈɄȺ
ɋ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɲɨɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɬɟɨɪɢɟɣ ɫɬɪɟɫɫɚȽ ɋɟɥɶɟ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɷɬɨɣɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ɜɵ ɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɜ ɧɺɦ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɢ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɉɟɪɜɵɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɯɚ ɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɚ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦ ȼɬɨɪɵɟ – ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬ ɫɢɥɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɇɟɫɩɟ ɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɯ ɫɜɟɪɯɫɢɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɹ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɢ ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɟɝɨ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ Ɉɛɳɢɣ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɩɪɨɬɟɤɚɟɬ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɨ ɜ ɬɪɢ ɫɬɚɞɢɢ
1.ɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɚɹ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɹ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚ ɧɚɦ ɬɚɤɢɦ ɤɚɤ ɦɨɡɝ ɫɟɪɞɰɟ ɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟ ɫɤɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚɦɢ
2.ɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɞɟɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɚɹ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɛ ɳɢɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɪɟɡɢɫɬɟɧɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɝɢɛɟɥɶɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟ ɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɤ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ
3.ɋɬɚɞɢɹ ɬɟɪɦɢɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɚɹ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɟ ɬɟɪɚɩɟɜɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɯɨɞɭ
Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɲɨɤ ɩɨɋɟɥɶɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɨɣɪɟ ɚɤɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɚ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ
ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɲɨɤɚ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɝɟɧɟɪɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɳɢɟ ɤ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚɦ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɋɢɫɬɟɦ ɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɜɵ ɛɪɨɫɚ ɋȼ ɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɝɨ ɫɨɩɪɨɬɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ
ɉɟɪɜɢɱɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɸɳɢɦɢ ɷɮɮɟɤ ɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɸ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɫɥɭɠɚɬ ɝɢɩɨɜɨɥɟɦɢɹ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɚɹ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɢ ɨɛɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɹ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɨɫɬɪɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɷɬɢɯ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɣ ɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ©ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɛɭɪɹª ɫ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɟɣ ɧɟɣɪɨɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɜɵɛɪɨɫɨɦ ɜ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɭɸ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɛɨɥɶɲɢɯ ɤɨɥɢ ɱɟɫɬɜ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɨɜ ɢ ɩɪɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɬɨɤɢɧɨɜ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɵɣ ɬɨ ɧɭɫ ɩɪɨɧɢɰɚɟɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɣ ɫɬɟɧɤɢ ɢ ɋȼ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɮɭ ɡɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ Ɉɫɬɪɵɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɬɹɠɟɥɨɣ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɜɵɡɜɚɜɲɢɯ ɢɯ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɨɞɧɨɬɢɩɧɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɤɚɪɬɢɧɟ Ɋɚɡɜɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɟɪɶɟɡɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɧɬɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɤɚɩɢɥ ɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɤɚɧɟɜɨɣ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɫ ɬɤɚɧɟ ɜɨɣ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɟɣ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ
7
1.1 ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
ɇɢɡɤɢɣ ɋȼ – ɪɚɧɧɹɹ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɲɨɤɚ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɩɟɪɟɪɚɫɩɪɟ ɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɲɨɤɚ ɩɪɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɬɚɞɢɹɯ ɦɢɧɭɬɧɵɣ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɞɚɠɟ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɟɧ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦɢ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɚɦɢ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɋȼ ɩɪɢ ɲɨɤɟ ɛɵ ɜɚɸɬ ɝɢɩɨɜɨɥɟɦɢɹ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɚɫɨɫɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɨɥ ȼ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȺȾ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɤɬɢ ɜɚɰɢɹɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬɪɟɮɥɟɤɬɨɪɧɚɹɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹɫɢɦ ɩɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɧɟɪɜɧɨɣ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢ ɫɢɧɬɟɡ ɤɚɬɟɯɨɥɚɦɢɧɨɜ ɜ ɧɚɞɩɨɱɟɱɧɢɤɚɯ ɗɬɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɦɢɨɤɚɪɞɚ ɭɱɚɳɚɟɬ ɫɟɪɞɟɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɫɟɥɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɟ ɫɭɠɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɢɮɟɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɜɢɫɰɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɚɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɚɰɢɹ ɪɟ ɧɢɧ-ɚɧɝɢɨɬɟɧɡɢɧɨɜɨɝɨ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɚɡɨɤɨ ɧɫɬɪɢɤɰɢɢɢɜɵɛɪɨɫɭɚɥɶɞɨɫɬɟɪɨɧɚ ɡɚɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɳɟɝɨɫɨɥɶɢɜɨɞɭ ȼɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɟɚɧ ɬɢɞɢɭɪɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɪɦɨɧɚ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɦɨɱɢ ɢ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɟɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚ ɰɢɸ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ – ɛɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚ ɬɨɪɧɚɹ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ȼ ɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɨɧɚ ɫɩɚɫɚɟɬ ɠɢɡɧɶ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɦɭ ȼɚɠɧɨ ɩɨɦ ɧɢɬɶ ɱɬɨ ɩɟɪɜɨɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɲɨɤɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ – ɷɬɨ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɜɵɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɹ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧ ɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɟɥ ɨɧɢ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹ ɤ ɧɟɨɛɪɚ ɬɢɦɵɦ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɐɟɧɬɪɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɫɨɯɪɚ ɧɹɸɳɚɹɫɹ ɜ ɬɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɢɯ ɱɚɫɨɜ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɡɚɳɢɬɨɣ ɦɨɡɝɚ ɢ ɫɟɪɞɰɚ ɬɚɢɬ ɜ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɨɬɞɚɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɗɬɚ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚ ɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɜ ɨɪ ɝɚɧɚɯ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɯ
1.2 ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ
Ɇɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɨɥɵ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɵ ɢ ɜɟɧɭɥɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚ ɦɵɦ ɜɚɠɧɵɦ ɡɜɟɧɨɦ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɩɚɬɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɲɨɤɚ ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɪɨɜɧɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɤ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɢ ɬɤɚɧɹɦ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɢ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɢɬ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ Ɋɚɡɜɢɜɚɸ ɳɢɣɫɹ ɫɩɚɡɦ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɨɥ ɢ ɩɪɟɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɨɜ ɩɪɢ ɲɨɤɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɡɧɚ ɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɭɸɳɢɯ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ ɢ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟ ɧɢɸ ɫɤɨɪɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɜ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɚɯ ɢɲɟɦɢɢ ɢ ɝɢɩɨɤɫɢɢ ɬɤɚ ɧɟɣ Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɨ ɫ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɣ
8
ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɟɣ ɇɚɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢɨɧɨɜ ɜɨɞɨɪɨɞɚ ɥɚɤɬɚɬɚ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɪɨɞɭɤ ɬɨɜ ɚɧɚɷɪɨɛɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɚɪɬɟɪɢɨɥ ɢ ɩɪɟ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ȺȾ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɟɧɭɥɵ ɨɫɬɚɸɬɫɹ ɫɭɠɟɧɧɵɦɢ ȼ ɞɚɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɵ ɩɟɪɟɩɨɥɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɤɪɨɜɶɸ ɚ ɚɥɶɛɭɦɢɧ ɢ ɠɢɞɤɚɹ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɩɨɤɢɞɚɸɬ ɫɨɫɭɞɢɫɬɨɟ ɪɭɫɥɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɩɨɪɵ ɜ ɫɬɟɧɤɚɯ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɨɜ ©ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɣ ɭɬɟɱɤɢª ɋɝɭ ɳɟɧɢɟ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɦ ɪɭɫɥɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ ɜɹɡɤɨɫɬɢ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɝɟɡɢɹ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɥɟɣɤɨɰɢɬɨɜ ɤ ɷɧɞɨɬɟɥɢ ɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɦ ɷɪɢɬɪɨɰɢɬɵ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɫɥɢɩɚɸɬɫɹ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬ ɤɪɭɩɧɵɟ ɚɝɪɟɝɚɬɵ ɫɜɨɟɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɛɤɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɸɬ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɜɩɥɨɬɶ ɞɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɥɚɞɠ-ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ ɋɨ ɫɭɞɵ ɛɥɨɤɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟɫɤɨɩɥɟɧɢɟɦɮɨɪɦɟɧɧɵɯɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜɤɪɨɜɢ ɜɵɤɥɸɱɚɸɬɫɹɢɡ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ Ɋɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɨɟ ³ɩɚɬɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɞɟɩɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ´ ɤɨɬɨ ɪɨɟ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɧɢɠɚɟɬ ɨɛɴɟɦ ɰɢɪɤɭɥɢɪɭɸɳɟɣ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɈɐɄ ɢ ɟɟ ɤɢɫɥɨɪɨɞɧɭɸ ɟɦɤɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɭɦɟɧɶɲɚɟɬ ɜɟɧɨɡɧɵɣ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɬ ɤɪɨɜɢ ɤ ɫɟɪɞɰɭ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɋȼ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ Ⱥɰɢɞɨɡ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɫɧɢ ɠɚɟɬ ɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɜ ɤ ɤɚɬɟɯɨɥɚɦɢɧɚɦ ɩɪɟɩɹɬɫɬɜɭɹ ɢɯ ɫɨɫɭɞɨɫɭɠɢɜɚ ɸɳɟɦɭɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɚɬɨɧɢɢɜɟɧɭɥ Ɍɚɤɢɦɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹɩɨɪɨɱ ɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɂɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɨɧɭɫɚ ɩɪɟɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɵɯ ɫɮɢɧɤɬɟɪɨɜ ɢ ɜɟɧɭɥ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɢɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɦ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɨɣ ɮɚɡɵ ɲɨɤɚ ɇɟɢɡɛɟɠ ɧɵɦ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɡɚɦɟɞɥɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɨɜɨɬɨɤɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɢ ɝɢɩɟɪ ɤɨɚɝɭɥɹɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ ɗɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɞɢɫɫɟɦɢɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɦɭ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɫɨɫɭ ɞɢɫɬɨɦɭ ɬɪɨɦɛɨɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɫɢɥɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪ ɧɨɝɨɤɪɨɜɨɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɢɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɮɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɯɧɟɤɪɨɡɨɜɢɩɨɥɢɨɪɝɚɧ ɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɂɲɟɦɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɟ ɠɢɡɧɟɧɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɵɯ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɤɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɵɦɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɦ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟɩɨɞɞɟɪɠɢɜɚɸɬɢɭɫɭ ɝɭɛɥɹɸɬ ɲɨɤɨɜɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ȼɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɢɣ ɩɨɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɝ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɮɚɬɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɫɯɨɞɭ ɉɨɞɨɛɧɵɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɧɟɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɧɵ ɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɦ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɦ ɥɸɛɨɝɨ ɜɢɞɚ ɲɨɤɚ ɚ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɢɯ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɧɨɡ ɲɨɤɚ
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1.3 ɇɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ
ȼ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɤɚɩɢɥɥɹɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ ɧɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɚɜɤɚ ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɤ ɬɤɚɧɹɦ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɯ ɦɟɦɛɪɚɧ ɢ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɇɚɪɭɲɚ ɸɬɫɹ ɭɝɥɟɜɨɞɧɵɣ ɛɟɥɤɨɜɵɣ ɠɢɪɨɜɨɣ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɭɝɧɟɬɚɟɬɫɹ ɭɬɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɨɪ ɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ – ɝɥɸɤɨɡɵ ɢ ɠɢɪɧɵɯ ɤɢɫɥɨɬ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɪɟɡɤɨ ɜɵɪɚɠɟɧɧɵɣ ɤɚɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɛɟɥɤɚ ȼɚɠɧɚɹ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɟ ɲɨɤɚ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɢɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɨɛɦɟɧɚ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨ ɩɪɨɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɜ ɰɢɬɨɩɥɚɡɦɭ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɤɚɥɶɰɢɹ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢ ɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹ ɤ ɢɧɬɟɧɫɢɜɧɨɦɭ ɫɢɧɬɟɡɭ ɦɨɳɧɵɯ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨ ɪɨɜɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ȼɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɵɢɝɪɚɸɬɡɧɚ ɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɜ ɤɥɢɧɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɹɯ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɲɨɤɚ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɢ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɨɫɥɨɠɧɟɧɢɣ ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɬɢɯ ɦɟɞɢɚɬɨɪɨɜ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɤ ɧɟɨɛɪɚɬɢɦɵɦ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟ ɧɢɹɦ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɣ ɥɟɬɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ⱦɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɨɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɰɢɬɨɤɢɧɨɜ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɵɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɥɢɡɨɫɨɦɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɟɪɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟ ɤɢɫɧɵɯ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɨɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɢɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ – ©ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɛɨɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɥɟɬɤɢª Ƚɢɩɟɪɝɥɢɤɟɦɢɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɰɟɧɬɪɚɰɢɢ ɪɚɫɬɜɨɪɢɦɵɯ ɩɪɨ ɞɭɤɬɨɜ ɝɥɢɤɨɥɢɡɚ ɥɢɩɨɥɢɡɚ ɢ ɩɪɨɬɟɨɥɢɡɚ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɤ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɝɢɩɟɪɨɫɦɨɥɹɪɧɨ ɫɬɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɫɬɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɠɢɞɤɨɫɬɢ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞ ɜɧɭɬɪɢɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɠɢɞ ɤɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɪɫɬɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ ɨɛɟɡɜɨɠɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ ɢ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɟɧɢɟ ɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɢɫɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɦɟɦ ɛɪɚɧɵ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɨɛɳɢɣ ɩɚɬɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɩɭɬɶ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɪɢɱɢɧ ɲɨɤɚ ȼɵɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɩɪɢ ɤɥɟɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɦɟɞɢɚ ɬɨɪɵ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɞɚɥɶɧɟɣɲɟɦɭ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɤɥɟɬɤɢ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɦɢɤɪɨɰɢɪɤɭɥɹɬɨɪɧɨɝɨ ɪɭɫɥɚ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɡɚ ɦɵɤɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɪɨɱɧɵɣ ɤɪɭɝ – ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɤɥɟ ɬɨɤ ɫ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟɦ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦɚ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɣ ɜɨɫɩɚɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɢ ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟ ɪɟɞɶ ɟɳɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɭɯɭɞɲɚɟɬ ɩɟɪɮɭɡɢɸ ɬɤɚɧɟɣ ɢ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜ ɜ ɤɥɟɬɤɚɯ Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɢ ɱɪɟɡɦɟɪɧɵɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɵ ɞɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɚɜɬɨɧɨɦ ɧɵɦɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɝɧɭɬɶɫɹ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɫɢɧɞɪɨɦ ɩɨ ɥɢɨɪɝɚɧɧɨɣ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɚɬɨɝɟɧɟɡɚ ɲɨɤɚ ɥɟɠɚɬ ɝɥɭɛɨɤɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɟɫɫɢɪɭɸɳɢɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɝɟɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɚ ɤɢɫɥɨ ɪɨɞɚ ɝɭɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɰɢɢ ɢ ɦɟɬɚɛɨɥɢɡɦɚ ȼɡɚɢɦɨɫɜɹɡɶ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɦɨ ɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɜɟɫɬɢ ɤ ɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɩɨɪɨɱɧɨɝɨ ɤɪɭɝɚ ɫ ɩɨɥɧɵɦ ɢɫɬɨɳɟɧɢɟɦ ɚɞɚɩɬɚ ɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ
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