Acknowledgements Script 21

Different parts of an acknowledgement can be separated as follows:

• financial (recognition of extramural or internal funding);

• instrumental/technical (providing access to tools, technologies, facilities, and also furnishing technical expertise, such as statistical analysis);

• conceptual (source of inspiration, idea generation, critical insight, intellectual guidance, assistance of referees etc.);

• editorial (providing advice on manuscript preparation, submission, bibliographic assistance etc.); moral (recognizing the support of family, friends etc.).

(Cronin, B., Shaw, D. & La Barre, K. (2003). A cast of thousands: Coauthorship and subauthorship collaboration in the 20th century as manifested in the scholarly literature of Psychology and Philosophy. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, 54(9), 855–71.)

Unit 5

Support in Expository Paragraphs

Essay organization

Script 22

Writing a descriptive essay takes time and some creativity. Some students make the mistake of using a free descriptive essay from the internet and used as their own. Here are a few good tips that will help you on how to write a descriptive essay.

Three main things you should remember when writing a descriptive essay:

• It should have one clear central impression. It is usually presented in the thesis statement.

• You may adopt to have either an objective or subjective tone in your description. The objective description merely describes the object, while subjective also includes the writer's attitude and feelings towards it.

• The purpose of a descriptive essay is to present an engaging description to the readers so that they can visualize the images under description.

General Advice:

• Convey the meaning with the help of the relevant facts and sensory details.

• Use more adverbs, adjectives, verbs than nouns as they help to communicate the emotions more effectively in your descriptive essay.

• The central impression is built on the details you present.

• Present the descriptive events in the chronological order.

Writing a descriptive essay in MLA format is the most common format but depending on your assignment you may need to format your essay in the required style.

(http://www.rushessay.com/descriptive_essay.php)

An overview of essay development Script 23

In English, an essay is a piece of writing several paragraphs long written about one topic. The aim of the essay should be deduced strictly from the wording of the title or question, and needs to be defined at the beginning. The idea of an essay is for you to say something for yourself using the ideas of the subject, for you to present ideas you have learned in your own way. The emphasis should be on working with other people’s ideas, rather than reproducing their words. The ideas and people that you refer to are to be explicit by a system of referencing. English essays are linear: they start at the beginning and finish at the end, with every part contributing to the main line of argument, without digressions or repetition. Writers are responsible for making their line of argument clear and presenting it in an orderly fashion so that the reader can follow. Each paragraph discusses one major point and each paragraph should lead directly to the next. The paragraphs are tied together with an introduction and a conclusion. An essay has three main parts: an introduction, a main body, a conclusion.

(http://www.uefap.com/writing/writfram.htm)