- •Английский для академических целей. Пишем эссе
- •Оглавление
- •Предисловие
- •Unit 1 English Academic Writing
- •Effective academic writing
- •Introduction Academic writing
- •English Academic Writing
- •In-class writing activity
- •Vocabulary
- •Audience and tone
- •Introduction The Academic Audience
- •Introduction Levels of Formality
- •The range of formality Technical → Formal → Informal → Colloquial
- •Essay Test Question
- •Essay Test Answer 1
- •Essay Test Answer 2
- •Essay Test Answer 3
- •Introduction (continuation)
- •Colloquial vs. Formal English
- •Vocabulary
- •Coherence: point of view
- •One Benefit of Travel
- •Introduction Coherence
- •Introduction (continuation)
- •Substitution and ellipsis
- •Conjunction
- •Lexical cohesion
- •Anaphoric nouns
- •Exercise a
- •B. Identify examples of substitution and ellipsis in these texts: Exercise b
- •Exercise d
- •Introduction (continuation) Signaling
- •Signaling words
- •Signaling (specialized linking words) are powerful tools for pulling ideas together! Remember them!
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 2 Critical writing Unit Topics:
- •Critical thinking and writing skills
- •Why study critical thinking?
- •Introduction Writing critically
- •A. Purpose and background:
- •B. The author and the text:
- •C. Evidence used:
- •D. Assumptions made:
- •Negatively
- •Positively
- •In sadness
- •Vocabulary
- •Academic writing assignments
- •Introduction
- •Illustrate
- •Introduction (continuation) Analyzing assignment designThe Lead-in
- •Instructions in Assignments
- •Computer as a multipurpose universal instrument of education
- •Is laser really so dangerous?
- •Vocabulary
- •The process of writing
- •Introduction The process of writing
- •Introduction (continuation) Time Management of the Writing Process
- •Determining time management of the writing process
- •Session conduct
- •In-class-writing Assignment
- •Suggested Time Management for Writing Process Activities
- •Ground Rules for Peer-Reviewing
- •Strategies for Clarification
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 3 Support in Expository Paragraphs
- •Thesis Statements &Topic sentences
- •Introduction
- •Rules for Composing Effective Topic Sentences
- •Vocabulary
- •Relevant and convincing support
- •Introduction Relevant and Convincing Support Sources of Support
- •Introduction (continuation) Planning support at all levels
- •The pyramid of support
- •In-class Writing Activity
- •Framing a Paragraph
- •Vocabulary
- •Unit 4 Using sources
- •Citing sources. Direct quotation
- •Introduction Citing sources. Direct quotation
- •Vocabulary
- •Paraphrasing
- •Introduction
- •Ex. 4. Listen to the dialogue for the second time and complete the table below with the number of the four tips they consider the most helpful.
- •Vocabulary
- •Summarizing
- •Introduction
- •In-class Writing Activity
- •Vocabulary
- •Plagiarism
- •Introduction
- •Introduction (continuation) Types of Plagiarism
- •Ex. 7. Read the following text (Flower, 1990. P. V).
- •In-class writing assignment
- •Vocabulary
- •Stating Acknowledgments
- •Introduction
- •1. Financial support
- •Acknowledgments
- •In-class Writing Assignment
- •2. The argument essay
- •A. The balanced view
- •B. The persuasive essay
- •C. The to what extent essay
- •3. Compare and contrast essays. A. The Contrast essay
- •B. The Compare essay
- •C. The compare and contrast essay
- •Examples of questions:
- •Vocabulary
- •An overview of essay development
- •Introduction An overview of essay development
- •Inventions That Have Revolutionized Our Lives
- •The House of Life
- •Good Students
- •Introduction (continuation) The body Essay Outline Framework
- •I. Introduction
- •V. Conclusion
- •Introduction (continuation) The conclusion
- •Inventions That Have Revolutionized Our Lives
- •Introduction
- •The House of Life
- •Introduction
- •The Kinds of Tornadoes and Their Effects
- •Introduction
- •Catch the Three Tigers
- •In what areas in your writing have you needed to do the most revision so far?
- •Script 2
- •Audience and tone Script 3
- •Script 4
- •Effective Coherence Script 5
- •Script 6
- •Unit 2 Critical writing Script 7
- •Script 8
- •Academic writing assignments Script 9
- •Now you should analyze the question.
- •The process of writing
- •Script 11 Session conduct
- •Peer review and revision Script 12 Part 1
- •Script 12 Part 2
- •Thesis statements & Topic sentences
- •Script 13
- •Thesis statements
- •Relevant and convincing support Script 14
- •Outlining Script 15
- •Script 16
- •Unit 4 Direct quotation Script 17
- •Paraphrasing Script 18
- •Summarizing Script 19
- •Plagiarism Script 20 Part 1
- •Acknowledgements Script 21
- •Support in Expository Paragraphs
- •Essay organization
- •Script 22
- •An overview of essay development Script 23
- •Библиографический список
- •Английский для академических целей. Пишем эссе
- •660014, Г. Красноярск, просп. Им. Газ. «Красноярский рабочий», 31.
B. The Compare essay
Compare questions usually present you with two or more terms, instruments, concepts or procedures that are closely connected, and sometimes confused. The purpose of the essay is to explain the similarities between them. Words used are:
Compare ...
What features do ... and ... have in common?
What are the similarities between ...
How are ... and ... similar?
A suitable answer structure would be:
Introduction to similarities between A and B |
Compare A & B in terms of first similarity |
Compare A & B in terms of second similarity |
Compare A & B in terms of third similarity |
etc. |
Conclusion |
C. The compare and contrast essay
Compare and contrast essays require you to indicate areas in which the things to be compared are similar and different.
Compare and contrast ...
There are two main ways to answer such questions:
i.
Introduction to differences and similarities between A and B |
Difference 1 |
Difference 2 |
Difference 3 |
etc. |
Transition |
Similarity 1 |
Similarity 2 |
Similarity 3 |
etc. |
Conclusion |
ii.
Introduction to differences and similarities between A and B |
Aspect 1 – similarities |
Aspect 1 – differences |
Aspect 2 – similarities |
Aspect 2 – differences |
Aspect 3 – similarities |
Aspect 3 – differences |
etc |
Conclusion |
Listening
Script 23
Ex. 2. Listen to the tape, in which Kate North gives her advice on writing a descriptive essay.
Match the sentence halves to make appropriate sentences.
1 The thesis statement 2 You may adopt to have 3 The objective description 4 The subjective description 5 The purpose of a descriptive essay is 6 Relevant facts and sensory details 7 Using more adverbs, adjectives, verbs than nouns 8 The central impression 9 The descriptive events
|
a) merely describes the object. b) is to present an engaging description to the readers. c) will help to convey the meaning. d) should contain one clear central impression. e) will help to communicate the emotions more effectively in your descriptive essay. f) either an objective or subjective tone in your description. g) in the chronological order. h) also includes the writer's attitude and feelings towards it. i) is built on the details you present. |
Ex. 3. Plan answers for some of the questions below. Can you define the type of essay in each case?
Examples of questions:
Account for the large-scale immigration into Malaya in the late 19th Century.
Analyze the changes in US policy towards China during the 1970s.
Assess the contribution of Asoka to the spread of Buddhism in India.
Explain the concept of 'role'. Of what use is the concept to a practicing manager?
Compare and contrast cellulose and lignin decomposition in soil.
List the criteria you would apply to the presentation of government expenditure policy.
Critically discuss economies and diseconomies of scale.
What deductions can be made after studying the cell exhibited at C?
Evaluate the contribution of political parties to the development of public policy in the United States and Canada.
To what extent does the British public participate in the political process?
What factors determine the elasticity of demand curves?
Describe the histology and functional importance of striated muscle.
Illustrate your answer by typical temperature profiles.
Discuss the implications of the Milgram and Zimbardo experiments for understanding people's behavior in situations involving authority.
Discuss the use of behavior therapy in clinical psychology and comment on its limitations.
Illustrate the diversity of anaerobic bacteria by reference to either practical importance or mechanism of energy generation.
Outline the requirements as to 'locus standi' in relation to injunctives and declaratives.
Discuss the role of international capital movements in a world payments system.
Define Administrative Law indicating its general scope and function.
Consider the significance of the year 1848 for the Hapsburg Empire.
Summarize the main requirements of the law in respect of the employer-employee relationship.
'They are often at a disadvantage in dealing with industry at a technical level.' How valid is this criticism of British Civil Servants?
To what extent is an understanding of the various approaches to industrial relations useful in allowing us to make better sense of the changing nature of the employment relationship?
Discuss the extent to which Human Resource Management and its associated individualism has led to a demise in collectivism and the role of trade unions.
Discuss the respective influences of states and markets in the contemporary world economy characterized by globalization.
Analyze the process of transition from a command economy to a market economy, drawing upon the many recent examples.
Out-of-class Writing Assignment
Satellites and computers are good examples of inventions leading us to be an information society.
Write the argument essay to show the reader how satellites and computers are inventions which give information and, as a result, greatly benefit society. Give the arguments, your examples and details (700–800 words, every other line).