Signaling (specialized linking words) are powerful tools for pulling ideas together! Remember them!

Listening

Script 6

Ex. 9. Kate North is Lecturer in English at the University of Edinburg. Listen to the tape and decide whether these statements are true (T) or false (F).

1. Coherence in speaking is more difficult to sustain than coherence in writing, because speakers have no nonverbal clues to inform them if their message is clear or not.

2. Usually we speak about paragraph unity and sentence cohesion.

3. To achieve paragraph cohesion a writer must ensure a great amount of different factors.

4. To achieve sentence cohesion a writer can use some techniques, for example: collocation, synonymy, enumeration, parallelism, transitions and antonymy.

Ex. 10. Now listen to the tape for the second time and answer the questions.

1. Why is coherence in writing more difficult to sustain than coherence in speech?

2. What must a writer ensure to achieve paragraph unity?

3. What techniques can be used to achieve sentence cohesion?

Ex. 11. Watch video aided instructions «Connections and transitions », fulfill the given tasks.

Out-of Class Writing Assignment

What is a good student?

Some writers believe that good students are well focused and diligent. Write a short response (150–200 words, every other line) in which you discuss a different characteristic of good students. Include convincing examples and details.

Vocabulary

coherence	revision	to create	transition
choppy	compound	opinion	writer’s purpose
to sound smooth	complex	fluent	to emphasize
confusion	relevance	to be consistent	excessive
aspect	device	to follow	general
specific	content	stage	chronological order
to enhance	repetition	to link	week control
reinforcement	to compare	progression	effective control
substitution	ellipse	conjunction	reference
to signal	comparison	cause	effect
summary	conclusion	contradiction	emphasis
support	addition	explanation	equivalence

Unit 2 Critical writing Unit Topics:

Critical thinking & writing skills

Academic writing assignments

The process of writing

Peer review and revision

Critical thinking and writing skills

Objectives In this unit you will:	discover what critical thinking is;
	learn means of sharpening critical thinking skills;
	discover what critical writing is;
	know the classification of intellectual behavior;
	know how to make connections between theory and practice;
	learn the skills of effective critical writing.

Starting up

Ex. 1. Discuss the following questions with your colleagues to share experience in critical thinking.

1. Do you know what critical thinking is?

2. Why do you think is it useful to sharpen critical thinking skills?

3. Is it difficult for you to ask questions?

4. Why is it so important to synthesize information from a variety of sources?

5. What is it necessary to do to interpret information?

8. What are the means of sharpening critical thinking?

9. Are you a critical thinker?

Listening

Script 7

Ex. 2. Listen to the tape and complete these extracts.