Теория и практика перевода гос
.docA)& Explicit theories.
B) Implicit theories.
C) Prescientific theories.
D) Scientific theories.
E) Modern theories.
$$$ 125
Who was the first translator mentioned in the history:
A) Tribal chief.
B)& Priest.
C) Farmer.
D) Philosopher.
E) Scientist.
$$$ 126
Who started the „sense-for-sense“ tradition in translation:
A) Horace.
B) St. Jerome.
C)& Cicero.
D) Baker.
E) Plato.
$$$ 127
One of the German humanist who was heavily criticized by the Church for his translations.
A) Darbelnet.
B)& Luther.
C) Voltaire.
D) Dolet.
E) Vinay.
$$$ 128
‘... the smallest segment of the utterance whose signs are linked in such a way that they should not be translated individually…’ This definition describes…
A) Word combination.
B)& Minimal translation unit.
C) Sentence.
D) Phraseological unit.
E) Utterance.
$$$ 129
“… an ethnocentric reduction of the foreign text to target language cultural values…” L. Venuti said this about…
A)& Domestication.
B) Foreignization.
C) Translation strategy.
D) Strategic translation.
E) Minimal translation unit.
$$$ 130
What does the following statement define: “… choosing a foreign text and developing a translation method along lines which are excluded by dominant cultural values in the target language…”
A) Translation strategy.
B) Translation.
C) Minimal translation unit.
D) Domestication.
E)& Foreignization.
$$$ 131
The strategies of domestication and foreignization were first described by…
A)& L. Venuti.
B) V. Komissarov.
C) E. Nida.
D) S. Bassnet.
E) J. Catford.
$$$ 132
Who defines translation as a means of interlingual communication:
A) J. Catford.
B)& V. Komissarov.
C) R. Jacobson.
D) E. Nida.
E) M. Snell-Hornby.
$$$ 133
Whose definition of translation emphasizes the creative role of a translator:
A) J. Catford.
B) V. Komissarov.
C)& I. Alekseyeva.
D) E. Nida.
E) M. Snell-Hornby.
$$$ 134
According to the law of growing standardization, which of the texts is ‘stylistically poorer’:
A) Source text.
B) Written text.
C)& Target texts.
D) Spoken text.
E) None.
$$$ 135
According to the law of interference, which of the texts interferes with translation:
A)& Source text.
B) Written text.
C) Target texts.
D) Spoken text.
E) None.
$$$ 136
‘… a written or spoken expression of the meaning of a word, speech, book, etc. in another language…’ This definition describes translation as a _____.
A) Process.
B)& Product.
C) Phenomenon.
D) Object.
E) Subject.
$$$ 137
What was the prerequisite of the advances in translation in the XXth century:
A) World War I.
B)& World War II.
C) Globalization.
D) Civil war.
E) Revolution.
$$$ 138
Who suggested the following definition of equivalence: “translation equivalence is a measure of semantic similarity between ST and TT”:
A) E. Nida.
B)& V. Komissarov.
C) R. Jacobson.
D) P. Newmark.
E) I. Alekseyeva.
$$$ 139
Who distinguished the five levels of equivalence:
A)& V. Komissarov.
B) E. Nida.
C) R. Jacobson.
D) P. Newmark.
E) I. Alekseyeva.
$$$ 140
Define the level of equivalence in the following example: All cats are grey in the dark = Ночью все кони вороные.
A)& 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
$$$ 141
What is the only element common for the ST and TT in the 1 level of equivalence:
A) The identification of the situation.
B) The method of the situation description.
C) The invariant meaning of the syntactic structures.
D)& The purport of communication.
E) The equivalence of semes.
$$$ 142
Define the level of equivalence in the following example: They had their backs to the sunshine now = Теперь солнце светило им в спину.
A) 1.
B) 2.
C)& 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
$$$ 143
What are the elements common for the ST and TT in the 3 level of equivalence:
A)& The purport of communication, the identification of the situation, the method of the situation description.
B) The purport of communication, the identification of the situation, the equivalence of semes.
C) The purport of communication, the identification of the situation, the invariant meaning of syntactic structures.
D) The identification of the situation, the method of the situation description, the invariant meaning of syntactic structures.
E) The purport of communication, the equivalence of semes, the invariant meaning of the syntactic structures.
$$$ 144
Define the level of equivalence in the following example: The port can be entered by ships only during the tide = Корабли могут входить в порт только во время прилива.
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D)& 4.
E) 5.
$$$ 145
What are the elements common for the ST and TT in the 5 level of equivalence:
A) The purport of communication, the identification of the situation, the equivalence of semes, the invariant meaning of the syntactic structures.
B)& The purport of communication, the identification of the situation, the method of the situation description, the invariant meaning of the syntactic structures, the equivalence of semes.
C) The purport of communication, identification of the situation, the invariant meaning of the syntactic structures.
D) The identification of the situation, method of the situation description, the invariant meaning of the syntactic structures, the equivalence of semes.
E) The method of situation description, the invariant meaning of the syntactic structures, the equivalence of semes.
$$$ 146
Which level of equivalence is mostly observed in proverbs:
A)& 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
$$$ 147
Which level of equivalence implies word-for-word translation:
A) 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E)& 5.
$$$ 148
Words of specific character, such as scientific and technical terms, proper or geographical names, etc. have:
A) Regular equivalents.
B) Lexical equivalents.
C)& Permanent equivalents.
D) Grammatical equivalents.
E) Phraseological equivalents.
$$$ 149
One-to-one correspondence between SL and TL units is peculiar to:
A) Regular equivalents.
B) Lexical equivalents.
C)& Permanent equivalents.
D) Grammatical equivalents.
E) Phraseological equivalents.
$$$ 150
One-to-many correspondence between SL and TL units is peculiar to:
A)& Regular equivalents.
B) Lexical equivalents.
C) Permanent equivalents.
D) Grammatical equivalents.
E) Phraseological equivalents.
$$$ 151
Regular equivalents can be classified into:
A) Lexical, phraseological.
B) Phraseological, grammatical.
C) Grammatical, phraseological, semantic.
D) Phraseological, semantic, lexical.
E)& Lexical, grammatical, phraseological.
$$$ 152
The two types of context are:
A) Lexical and linguistic.
B)& Linguistic and situational.
C) Situational and grammatical.
D) Lexical and grammatical.
E) Situational and linguistic.
$$$ 153
An exceptional translation of a SL unit which suits a particular context is called:
A) Grammatical equivalent.
B) Lexical equivalent.
C) Permanent equivalent.
D)& Occasional equivalent.
E) Regular equivalent.
$$$ 154
What words are often found among SL names of specific national phenomena|:
A) Regular equivalents.
B) Borrowings.
C)& Equivalent-lacking words.
D) Permanent equivalents.
E) Grammatical equivalents.
$$$ 155
Define the way the English word has been translated: “drugstore - аптека”
A) Using an explanation to convey the meaning of the SL unit.
B) Using all kinds of lexical (semantic) transformations.
C)& Using approximate substitutes.
D) Using loan-words imitating in TL the form of the SL word or word combination.
E) All of the above.
$$$ 156
Define the way the English word has been translated: “landslide-победа на выборах подавляющим большинством голосов-сайлаушылар дауыстарының басым көпшілігімен алынған жеңіс”
A)& Using an explanation to convey the meaning of the SL unit.
B) Using all kinds of lexical (semantic) transformations.
C) Using approximate substitutes.
D) Using loan-words imitating in TL the form of the SL word or word combination.
E) All of the above.
$$$ 157
Define the type of equivalent in the sentence “I graduated from New Haven in 1915" (Мен Йель Университетін 1915 жылы бітірдім/Я окончил Йельский университет в 1915 году).
A)& Occasional equivalent.
B) Regular lexical equivalent.
C) Regular equivalent.
D) Permanent equivalent.
E) Regular phraseological equivalent.
$$$ 158
What does the following definition refer to: ‘working for different companies at different times rather than being permanently employed by one company’:
A) Translating job.
B) Full-time job.
C) Translation market.
D)& Freelancing.
E) Interpretation.
$$$ 159
Who is not involved in translation market:
A) Translator.
B) Customer.
C)& Writer.
D) Translation agency.
E) All of the above.
$$$ 160
What is not true about a translator/interpreter’s ethics:
A) A translator/interpreter should not change the content of the original.
B) A translator/interpreter should not change the structure of the original .
C) A translator/interpreter should not correct the author’s mistakes without consent of the latter.
D) A translator/interpreter should do his/her work in the best interests of the client.
E)& A translator/interpreter has a right to express his/her own opinion.
$$$ 161
What is not true about a translator/interpreter’s ethics:
A) A translator/interpreter should not change the content of the original.
B) A translator/interpreter should not change the structure of the original.
C)& A translator/interpreter may correct the author’s mistakes.
D) A translator/interpreter should do his/her work in the best interests of the client.
E) A translator/interpreter has no right to express his/her own opinion.
$$$ 162
The goal of machine translation (MT) is:
A) To make the translation more professional.
B) To avoid grammatical mistakes.
C)& To remove the human translation (HT) altogether.
D) To make life easier for the professional translator and enable him to cut costs by removing the burden of repeating old translations.
E) To be used in conjunction with a dedicated computer assisted translation.
$$$ 163
The role of TM (translation memory) software is:
A) To make the translation more professional.
B) To avoid grammatical mistakes.
C) To remove the human translation (HT) altogether.
D)& To make life easier for the professional translator and enable him to cut costs by removing the burden of repeating old translations.
E) To be used in conjunction with a dedicated computer assisted translation.
$$$ 164
The term used to describe translation performed by a computer software program, as an alternative to human translation (HT), performed by a human translator is called:
A) Translation memory.
B)& Machine translation.
C) Translation memory managers.
D) Terminology management systems.
E) Automatic translation.
$$$ 165
Translation memories are typically used in conjunction with:
A) Computer assisted translation (CAT) tool.
B) Word processing program.
C) Terminology management systems.
D) Multilingual dictionary.
E)& All of the above.
$$$ 166
The History of machine translation generally starts in:
A) 1928.
B) the 1930s.
C)& the 1950s.
D) 1963.
E) 1985.
$$$ 167
The relations between the word and its user is called ….
A) Semantics.
B) Syntactics.
C)& Pragmatics.
D) Lexics.
E) Pragmatic adaptation.
$$$ 168
The relations between the word and what it means is called….
A) Lexics.
B) Syntactics.
C) Pragmatic adaptation.
D)& Semantics.
E) Pragmatics.
$$$ 169
The relations between the word and other units is called....
A) Lexics.
B)& Syntactics.
C) Pragmatic adaptation.
D) Semantics.
E) Pragmatics.
$$$ 170
The pragmatic implications of a word are an important part of its meaning that produces a certain effect upon the ….
A) Environment.
B) Sender.
C)& Recipient .
D) Situation.
E) Communicative task.
$$$ 171
When was the pragmatics developed:
A) 1990s.
B) 1960s.
C) 2000s.
D) 1980s.
E)& 1970s.
$$$ 172
What science studies how people comprehend and produce a communicative act or speech act in a certain speech situation:
A)& Pragmatics.
B) Philosophy.
C) Psychology.
D) Linguistics.
E) Literary studies.
$$$ 173
How many intents are distinguished in each utterance or communicative act of verbal communication?
A) 1.
B)& 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
$$$ 174
What is the informative intent:
A) Word meaning.
B)& Sentence meaning.
C) Speaker meaning.
D) Communication meaning.
E) No correct answer.
$$$ 175
What is communicative intent:
A) Word meaning.
B) Sentence meaning.
C)& Speaker meaning .
D) Communication meaning.
E) No correct answer.
$$$ 176
Who offered the term pragmatics in 1930s:
A) Eugine Nida.
B) Bell Roger.
C) Mona Baker.
D)& Charles Morris.
E) V. Komissarov.
$$$ 177
When did Charles Morris offer the term pragmatics:
A) 1970s.
B) 1960s.
C) 1950s.
D) 1940s.
E)& 1930s.
$$$ 178
What is the preservation of the original communicative effect in translation:
A) Communicative environment.
B)& Pragmatic adaptation.
C) Sentence meaning.
D) Adequacy.
E) Adaptation of translation.
$$$ 179
What is the concept that assesses the success in achieving the pragmatic super-purpose:
A) Pragmatic changes.
B) Pragmatic adaptation.
C)& Pragmatic value.
D) Language evaluation.
E) Adequacy.
$$$ 180
What do you do translating the sentence Тhе prime-minister addressed the people from the window of No. 10. as Премьер-министр обратился к собравшимся из окна своей резиденции.
A) Pragmatic changes.
B)& Pragmatic adaptation.
C) Pragmatic value.
D) Language evaluation.
E) Adequacy.
$$$ 181
How many types of pragmatic adaptation did Komissarov offer:
A) 1.
B) 2.
C)& 4.
D) 5.
E) 6.
$$$ 182
Who offered to divide pragmatic adaptation into several types:
A) Eugine Nida.
B) Bell Roger.
C) Mona Baker.
D) Charles Morris.
E)& V. Komissarov.
$$$ 183
What level do we establish pragmatic adaptation on in the following: “Newsweek”-журнал “Ньюсвик”:
A) 2.
B) 3.
C) 4.
D)& 1.
E) That is not pragmatic adaptation.
$$$ 184
What level do we establish pragmatic adaptation on in the following: Manitoba – провинция Манитоба:
A) 2.
B) 3.
C) 4.
D)& 1.
E) That is not pragmatic adaptation.
$$$ 185
Who offered to divide pragmatic relations into 4 groups:
A) Eugine Nida.
B) Bell Roger.
C) Mona Baker.
D) Charles Morris.
E)& A. Noibert.
$$$ 186
What level do we establish pragmatic adaptation on in the following: Oh, shit! - Вот, черт!
A) 3.
B) 4.
C)& 2.
D) 1.
E) They are not equal to each other.
$$$ 187
How many typical situations can we face with in the 3rd type of pragmatic adaptation:
A) 1.
B) 2.
C)& 3.
D) 5.
E) 7.
$$$ 188
What level do we establish pragmatic adaptation on in the following: “Скажи ему, что мне нравятся картины, где бабы и собаки”. - “The general prefers Flemish painting”.
A) 3.
B)& 4.
C) 2.
D) 1.
E) They are not equal to each other.
$$$ 189
What level do we establish pragmatic adaptation on in the following: “I live on the first floor”. - “Он сказал, что с нами не поедет”.
A)& 3.
B) 4.
C) 2.
D) 1.
E) They are not equal to each other.
$$$ 190
А reference book that focuses on defining words and phrases, including multiple meanings is:
A) Electronic dictionary.
B) Multilingual dictionary.
C)& Dictionary.
D) Translation aids.
E) Smartphone dictionary.
$$$ 191
The expression of stylistic peculiarities of the ST in translation is necessary to convey the .......of the ST.
A) Task.
B) Communication.
C)& Communication intent.
D) Communication context.
E) Communication aim.
$$$ 192
Special language media securing the desirable communication effect of the text are .....
A) Means.
B) Expressional devices.
C) Pragmatic means.
D) Stylistic means.
E)& Stylistic devices.
$$$ 193
What stylistic device is translated in the sentence: He has taken her picture and another cup of tea. – Он сделал снимок и глоток чая.
A) Transfered qualifier.
B) Metonymy.
C) Pun.
D) Epithet.
E)& Zeugma.
$$$ 194
What is play of words:
A) Zeugma.
B) Epithet.
C)& Pun.
D) Metaphor.
E) Paraphrase.
$$$ 195
Which of the following cannot be considered as context-free word:
A) Proper and geographical names.
B) Titles of periodicals.
C) Names of companies and corporations.
D) Names of political parties.
E)& Polysemantic.
$$$ 196
The word is called monosemantic when it has
A)& One meaning.
B) Variable equivalents.
C) Regular equivalents.
D) Several meanings.
E) Occasional equivalents.
$$$ 197
What are new-coined word:
A) Terms.
B)& Neologisms.
C) Archaisms.
D) False translator’s friends.
E) Proper names.
$$$ 198
In what way can a translator deal with realms (realia):
A) By means of grammatical transformations.
B)& By means of borrowing, loan word and approximate equivalents.
C) By means of transcription and transliteration only.
D) By means of modulation.
E) By means of semantic paraphrase.
$$$ 199
How do we call the words semantics of which in Russian and English do not coincide though they have similar root:
A) Polysemantic words.
B) Proper names.
C) Neologisms.
D)& Pseudointernational words.
E) International friends.
$$$ 200
Find an international word
A) Decade.
B) Lunatic.
C) Complexion.
D)& Parliament.
E) Actual.
$$$ 201
Find a pseudointernational word
A)& Intelligence.
B) Computer.
C) Minister.
D) Baseball.
E) Halloween.
$$$ 202
What are the words which usually have permanent equivalents:
A) Context-bound words.
B) Pseuduinternational words.
C) Equivalent lacking words.
D) International words.
E)& Context-free words.
$$$ 203
How many groups can the pseuduinternational words be classified into:
A)& 2.
B) 3.
C) 6.
D) 5.
E) No correct answer.
$$$ 204
Do permanent grammatical equivalents exist:
A) Yes.
B) Not always.
C)& No.
D) Seldom.
E) No correct answer.
$$$ 205
What is the most common example of dissimilarity between the parallel syntactic devices in the two languages:
A) The role of gerund.
B) The role of article.
C) The role of participle.
D)& The role of word order.
E) The role of passive voice.
$$$ 206
Choose an example of grammatical category which has no analogue in the Russian or Kazakh languages:
A) Modal verbs.
B) Gerund.
C) Participle.
D)& Article.
E) Mood.
$$$ 207
What are the techniques mainly used in realms translation:
A) Transcription and transliteration.
B) Paraphrase.
C) Loan translation .
D) Transliteration and modulation .
E)& Transcription and semantic substitute .
$$$ 208
What realms can be considered as ethnographic realms:
A)& Clothes, traditions and myths.
B) Rituals and endemics.
C) Terms of physical geography.
D) Social-political terms.
E) Everyday life objects and political terms.
$$$ 209
Why do we translate the following proper name: Lord Chatterino – Лорд Балаболо:
A) Because it is name of a person.
B)& Because it is “speaking” name.
C) Because it is magazine name.
D) Because it is exotic name.
E) Because it is toponym.
$$$ 210
What technique is mainly used in rendering geographical names:
A) Modulation.
B) Transliteration.
C) Word-for-word translation.
D) Semantic paraphrase.
E)& Transcription.
$$$ 211
Choose the examples of microtoponyms
A)& Oxford Street, Trafalgar Square.
B) James, John.
C) William the Conquer.
D) Ottawa, Moscow.
E) Roma, Real Madrid.
$$$ 212
What is the way to render an article in translation:
A) To compensate article with a help of tenses.
B)& To compensate article with a help of pronouns.
C) To compensate article with a help of noun numbers.
D) To compensate article with a help of adverbs.
E) To compensate article with a help of adjectives.
$$$ 213
Define the level of equivalence in the following example: Keep off the grass = По газону не ходить.
A) 1.
B)& 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
$$$ 214
Define the level of equivalence in the following example: At the ends of the earth = У чёрта на куличках.
A)& 1.
B) 2.
C) 3.
D) 4.
E) 5.
$$$ 215
What can be a minimal translation unit:
A) Phoneme.
B) Morpheme.
C) Word.
D) Sentence.
E)& All of the above.
$$$ 216
How many stages of pre-translational analysis did M. Brandes distinguish:
A)& 3.
B) 4.
C) 2.
D) 5.
E) 1.
$$$ 217
I. Alekseyeva sets the following stages of pre-translational analysis:
A) identification of source-recipient relationships, understanding structure of information and its density, working out the communicative task and afterwards presenting analysis of translation results.
B) collection of external data of the text, understanding structure of information and its density, working out the communicative task and afterwards presenting analysis of translation results.
C)& collection of external data of the text, identification of source-recipient relationships, understanding structure of information and its density, working out the communicative task and afterwards presenting analysis of translation results.
D) collection of external data of the text, identification of source-recipient relationships, working out the communicative task and afterwards presenting analysis of translation results.
E) collection of external data of the text, identification of source-recipient relationships, understanding structure of information and its density.
$$$ 218
Collection of external data of the text, identification of source-recipient relationships, understanding structure of information and its density, working out the communicative task and afterwards presenting analysis of translation results are the stages of pre-translational analysis distinguished by…
A)& I. Alekseyeva.
B) M. Brandes.
C) V. Komissarov.
D) L. Venuti.
E) S. Bassnet.
$$$ 219
The psycho-linguistic classification distinguishes…
A)& Oral and written translation.
B) Psychological and linguistic translation.
C) Literary and informative translation.
D) Oral and literary translation.
E) Oral and simultaneous translation.
$$$ 220
The genre-and-style classification distinguishes…
A) Oral and written translation.
B) Psychological and linguistic translation.
C)& Literary and informative translation.
D) Oral and literary translation.
E) Oral and simultaneous translation.
$$$ 221
The main function of literary translation is…
A) To deal with literary texts.
B) To render into the target language non-literary texts.
C) To convey a certain amount of ideas.
D)& To make an emotional or aesthetic impression upon the reader.
E) To bring out more specific problems in translation.
$$$ 222
In what type of translation does the translating start after the original speech or some part of it has been completed:
A) Simultaneous translation.
B) Written translation.
C)& Consecutive translation.
D) Informative translation.
E) Literary translation.
$$$ 223
In what type of translation is the interpreter supposed to be able to give his translation while the speaker is uttering the original message:
A)& Simultaneous translation.
B) Written translation.
C) Consecutive translation.
D) Informative translation.
E) Literary translation.
$$$ 224
What type of translation involves the use of special equipment:
A) Literary translation
B) Written translation
C) Consecutive translation
D) Informative translation
E)& Simultaneous translation
$$$ 225
Who formulated the main principles of translator’s note-taking:
A) J. P. Vinay.
B)& F. Rosanne.
C) V. Komissarov.
D) S. Bassnet.
E) R. Francois.
$$$ 226
The process of putting down precocious information…
A) Oral translation.
B) Translation aid.
C)& Translator’s note-taking.
D) Translation memory.
E) Translator’s memory.
$$$ 227
Precocious information usually consists of...
A) The longest words.
B)& Personal names, dates, figures and numbers.
C) Text type information.
D) Pictures.
E) The most important information.
$$$ 228
Dubbing and subtitling are the subtypes of…
A) Oral translation.
B) Web site translation.
C) Written translation.
D) Simultaneous translation.
E)& Film translation.
$$$ 229
What does the following definition describe? “… the process of modifying an existing product to make it accessible, usable and culturally suitable to a target audience...”
A) Film translation.
B) Product adaptation.
C) Specialized translation.
D) Brand translation.
E)& Product localization.
$$$ 230
The translation models are used because…
A) They make translation easier.
B) The mental processes of translation are directly observable.
C)& The mental processes of translation are not directly observable.
D) They help to translate correctly.
E) The mental processes are not directly connected with translation.
$$$ 231
The situational model is also known as…
A)& Denotative.
B) Transformational.
C) Dynamic.
D) Structural.
E) Language correspondence model.
$$$ 232
The transformational model is also known as…
A) Denotative.
B) Situational.
C)& Dynamic.
D) Structural.
E) Language correspondence model.
$$$ 233
The transformational model of translation is based on the linguistic theory by…
A)& N. Chomsky.
B) L. Venuti.
C) E. Nida.
D) C. Noam.
E) D. Holmes.
$$$ 234
Which of the translation models is based on the postulate that any oral or written text and its basic unit – a word are bearers of different information:
A) Communication.
B)& Information.
C) Situational.
D) Transformational.
E) Language correspondence.
$$$ 235
Which of the translation models considers the process of translation as an act of two-language communication:
A)& Communication.
B) Conformation.
C) Situational.
D) Transformational.
E) Language correspondence.
$$$ 236
Which of the translation models postulates that, in any two languages, there is a number of nuclear structures which are fully equivalent to each other:
A) Communication.
B) Information.
C) Situational.
D)& Transformational.
E) Language correspondence.
$$$ 237
What 3 groups can we divide the transformations into:
A)& Lexical, grammatical, lexical-grammatical.
B) Morphological.
C) Stylistic.
D) Phraseological.
E) Phonetical.
$$$ 238
Chose the correct definition for modulation:
A)& It is meaning development.
B) It is translation which gives a more detailed description of the idea than does the word in SL.
C) It is the use of an equivalent with a more general meaning.
D) It is the same as blue-print.
E) It is word-for-word translation.
$$$ 239
What is preserving the syntactic structure of the source text and using the analogous TL grammatical forms:
A)& Word-for-word translation.
B) Generalization.
C) Transliteration.
D) Specification.
E) Modulation.
$$$ 240
Which of the transformations is lexical:
A)& Transcription.
B) Compensation.
C) Descriptive translation.
D) Integration.
E) Antonymous translation.
$$$ 241
Which of the transformations is grammatical:
A)& Integration.
B) Compensation.
C) Descriptive translation.
D) Transcription.
E) Antonymous translation.
$$$ 242
Which of the transformations is complex:
A) Specification.
B) Generalization.
C)& Compensation.
D) Transcription.
E) Transliteration.
$$$ 243
Who influenced the beginning of Reformation:
A)& Luther.
B) Tytler.
C) Dryden.
D) Dolet.
E) Nida.
$$$ 244
Why in ancient Greece there were no Greek-origin translators:
A) They didn’t know languages.
B) They were too lazy to learn languages.
C)& They were too arrogant to learn languages.
D) They didn’t have good schools for it.
E) They didn’t have money to pay foreign languages teachers.
$$$ 245
How many people wrote the Bible translation called Septuaginta:
A) 40.
B) 50.
C) 60.
D)& 70.
E) 80.
$$$ 246
What language was the Bible translation called Septuaginta been done into:
A) Arabic.
B) Ancient Latin.
C) Latin.
D) Greek.
E)& Ancient Greek.
$$$ 247
What initiated the development of translation in China:
A)& Spread of Buddhism.
B) Spread of Christianity.
C) Spread of Islam.
D) Spread of Judaism.
E) No correct answer.
$$$ 248
What was the event that influenced the migration of people in the XXth century:
A) World War I.
B)& World War II.
C) Storms.
D) Global changes.
E) Development of communication.
$$$ 249
Who is the author of the translation definition: translation is a means of interlingual communication:
A) Nida.
B) Catford.
C)& Komissarov.
D) Alekseyeva.
E) Hatim.
$$$ 250
False translator’s friends in translation can be an example of
A) Law of universal.
B) Law of growing standardization.
C) Law of diffusion.
D)& Law of interference.
E) Law of translation shift.