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cohort of sequences that maintains the coherence of the global population. Transient novel sequences may be thought of as genomic ornaments, whereas the persistent ones may be thought of as local adaptations.

Acknowledgments

O.G.B. is supported by The Swedish Research Council. C.G.K. thanks The Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences for the opportunity to work at the National Institute of Genetics, Mishima. Tomoko Ohta and Takahashi Gojobori are gratefully acknowledged for their generous hospitality and helpful guidance. We also thank Bruce Levin for trying to read an early version of this work and A. Mira for helpful clarifications.

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Accepted August 22, 2002

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