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BUILDING ENGINEERING

Building is an engineering discipline that concerns with the planning, design, construction, operation, renovation, and maintenance of buildings, as well as with their impacts on the environment.

Building engineers are specialists who work in the building industry. Building engineers are trained in all phases of the life cycle of a building. They construct industrial enterprises, public buildings and residential houses.

Every building engineer must know the materials suitable for the construction purposes. Brick, wood, concrete and steel are the most common building materials. Buildings made of bricks are durable and fire-resistant. Wood is used for making floors, doors, window frames, partitions, piles and fences. Concrete has a great comprehensive strength but cannot withstand tensile stresses. Therefore structures subjected to tensile stresses are made of prestressed concrete.

Plastics find wide application in building too because they are light in weight, strong enough and resistant to corrosion.

Different parts of buildings are produced at modern highly mechanized plants. They are reinforced concrete beams, slabs for floors and walls, stairways and glazed window frames. All these prefabs are transported to the construction sites.

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LOGGING EQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS

Logging Equipment specialists are trained to work in forest industry.

Logging Equipment specialists design logging equipment and systems, analyze their performance and develop new industrial technologies.

They work with various forest machines and mechanical devices. They can operate automobiles and forest machines, test and repair them.

Motor-cars, tractors, cranes and other machines are made of metals and alloys of metals. Any logging equipment specialist must know the existing metals and their alloys, their physical and chemical properties. Metals may be light (aluminum), heavy (iron, copper), hard (iron) or soft (lead)-. Cast iron, steel and bronze are the most important alloys.

No automobile, tractor or crane will operate without a good engine. The engine is the main part of any machine. An engineer must know different types of engines, their parts and principles of their work. Diesel engines, for example, are used in locomotives, trucks and tractors. Gasoline engines are used in airplanes and automo­biles. Diesel engines as well as gasoline ones are the internal combustion engine. They operate on liquid fuel. The fuel is burnt inside their cylinders. The working cycle of the internal combustion engines has four strokes:

1. an intake stroke (the piston moves down)

2. a compression stroke (the piston moves up)

3. a power stroke (the piston moves down)

4. an exhaust stroke (the piston moves down).