МОС(методичка)
.pdfFbgbkl_jkl\h ljZgkihjlZ Jhkkbb >Zevg_\hklhqgZy ]hkm^Zjkl\_ggZy fhjkdZy ZdZ^_fby bf_gb Z^fbjZeZ = B G_\_evkdh]h
DZn_^jZ km^h\h`^_gby
F?LH>BQ?KDB? MD:A:GBY
>EY <UIHEG?GBY E:;HJ:LHJGUO J:;HL IH F:L?F:LBQ?KDBF HKGH<:F KM>H<H@>?GBY
Ki_pbZevghklv
KhklZ\be : I >hf[bgkdbc
<eZ^b\hklhd
Ihabpby ‹ \ ieZg_ ba^Zgby mq_[ghc ebl_jZlmju ><=F: gZ ]
J_p_ga_gl > G Jm[bgrl_cg
KhklZ\be :e_dkZg^j IZ\eh\bq >hf[bgkdbc
F?LH>BQ?KDB? MD:A:GBY
>EY <UIHEG?GB? E:;HJ:LHJGUO J:;HL IH F:L?F:LBQ?KDBF HKGH<:F KM>H<H@>?GBY
J_^Zdlhj ²H : Am[dh\Z
Dhfivxl_jgZy \_jkldZ b ]jZnbdZ ²K < Dhjdbrdh
|
Ebp_gaby EJ ‹ hl |
|
|
mq ba^ e |
NhjfZl u |
LbjZ` wda |
AZdZa ‹ |
Hli_qZlZgh \ lbih]jZnbb ><=F: bf Z^f = B G_\_evkdh]h
<eZ^b\hklhd <_jog_ihjlh\Zy Z
F_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby ^ey \uiheg_gby eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl ih fZl_fZlbq_kdbf hkgh\Zf km^h\h`^_gby
KH>?J@:GB?
<<?>?GB?
KN?JBQ?KDB? LJ?M=HEVGBDB
Z Dhkhm]hevgu_ kn_jbq_kdb_ lj_m]hevgbdb
H[sb_ k\_^_gby
Ihjy^hd j_r_gby dhkhm]hevguo kn_jbq_kdbo lj_m]hevgbdh\
AZ^Zgby
[ Ijyfhm]hevgu_ kn_jbq_kdb_ lj_m]hevgbdb
H[sb_ k\_^_gby
AZ^Zgby
=?HF?LJBY A?FGH=H KN?JHB>:
H[sb_ k\_^_gby
JZkq_lgu_ nhjfmeu
AZ^Zgby
J:KQ?L WE?F?GLH< >M=B ;HEVRH=H DJM=:
H[sb_ k\_^_gby
Ihjy^hd j_r_gby
AZ^Zgby
H[jZ[hldZ ijyfuo jZ\ghlhqguo b g_jZ\ghlhqguo baf_j_gbc
DH[jZ[hldZ ijyfuo jZ\ghlhqguo baf_j_gbc
H[sb_ k\_^_gby
Ihjy^hd j_r_gby
AZ^Zgby
[ H[jZ[hldZ ijyfuo g_jZ\ghlhqguo baf_j_gbc
H[sb_ k\_^_gby
AZ^Zgby
J:KQ?L KJ?>G?C D<:>J:LBQ?KDHC IH=J?RGHKLB KDI NMGDPBB
H[sb_ k\_^_gby
Ihjy^hd jZkq_lZ
AZ^Zgby
HIJ?>?E?GB? F?KL: KM>G: IH ><MF EBGBYF IHEH@?GBY
H[sb_ k\_^_gby
:gZeblbq_kdh_ j_r_gb_
=jZnhZgZeblbq_kdh_ j_r_gb_
HIJ?>?E?GB? <?JHYLG?CR?=H F?KL: KM>G: IH F?LH>M G:BF?GVRBO D<:>J:LH<
H[sb_ k\_^_gby
:gZeblbq_kdh_ j_r_gb_
=jZnhZgZeblbq_kdh_ j_r_gb_
Ihjy^hd j_r_gby
AZ^Zgby
EBL?J:LMJ:
&RS\ULJKW ‹><=F: |
: I >hf[bgkdbc |
F_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby ^ey \uiheg_gby eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl ih fZl_fZlbq_kdbf hkgh\Zf km^h\h`^_gby
<<?>?GB?
GZ eZ[hjZlhjguo aZgylbyo ih fZl_fZlbq_kdbf hkgh\Zf km^h\h`^_gby hljZ[Zlu\Z_lky j_r_gb_ ijZdlbq_kdbo aZ^Zq k ijbf_g_gb_f fbdjhdZevdmey lhjh\ FbdjhdZevdmeylhju fh]ml [ulv ex[h]h lbiZ gh hgb ^he`gu h[_ki_ qb\Zlv \hafh`ghklv \uqbke_gby ljb]hghf_ljbq_kdbo nmgdpbc
J_r_gb_ \k_o aZ^Zq \uihegy_lky \ l_ljZ^yo ^ey eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl g_ f_g__ ebklh\ gZ lblmevghf ebkl_ dhlhjhc ih^ibku\Z_lky ghf_j ]jmiiu b nZfbeby dmjkZglZ
>ey \uiheg_gby ko_fZlbq_kdbo jbkmgdh\ \ g_dhlhjuo aZ^ZqZo gZ eZ[h jZlhjguo aZgylbyo g_h[oh^bfh bf_lv ke_^mxsb_ ijbgZ^e_`ghklb ijhklhc dZjZg^Zr klbjZevgmx j_abgdm ebg_cdm ljZgkihjlbj pbjdmev
Kjhd b ihjy^hd k^Zqb gZ ijh\_jdm \uiheg_gguo jZ[hl h]h\Zjb\Z_lky ij_ih^Z\Zl_e_f \_^msbf eZ[hjZlhjgu_ aZgylby
&RS\ULJKW ‹><=F: |
: I >hf[bgkdbc |
F_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby ^ey \uiheg_gby eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl ih fZl_fZlbq_kdbf hkgh\Zf km^h\h`^_gby
KN?JBQ?KDB? LJ?M=HEVGBDB
Z DHKHM=HEVGU? KN?JBQ?KDB? LJ?M=HEVGBDB
H;SB? K<?>?GBY
Kn_jbq_kdbf lj_m]hevgbdhf gZau\Z_lky nb]mjZ gZ kn_j_ h[jZah\ZggZy lj_fy ihiZjgh i_j_k_dZxsbfbky ^m]Zfb [hevrbo djm]h\ M]eu kn_jbq_kdh ]h lj_m]hevgbdZ h[hagZqZxlky ijhibkgufb [md\Zfb eZlbgkdh]h ZenZ\blZ $ % & Z ijhlb\he_`Zsb_ bf klhjhgu ±khhl\_lkl\mxsbfb kljhqgufb D E F\k_]h we_f_glh\ kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ
Lj_m]hevgbd kqblZ_lky aZ^Zgguf _keb ba\_klgu dZdb_ eb[h ljb _]h we_f_glZ HlukdZgb_ g_ba\_klguo we_f_glh\ ih aZ^Zgguf gZau\Z_lky j_r_ gb_f kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ J_r_gb_ \uihegy_lky k bkihevah\Zgb_f nhjfme kn_jbq_kdhc ljb]hghf_ljbb \ dhlhjuo we_f_glu kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_ m]hevgbdZ e_`Zl \ ij_^_eZo hl ƒ ^h ƒ lj_m]hevgbd Wce_jZ J_r_gb_ lj_m]hevgbdZ \uihegy_lky k bkihevah\Zgb_f \ dZq_kl\_ bkoh^guo ^Zgguo lhevdh aZ^Zgguo we_f_glh\ >ey j_r_gby ijbf_gyxlky hkgh\gu_ nhjfmeu dhkbgmkZ klhjhgu dhkbgmkZ m]eZ dhlZg]_gkh\ o jy^hf e_`Zsbo we_f_g lh\
NhjfmeZ dhkbgmkZ klhjhgu k\yau\Z_l ljb klhjhgu b h^bg ba m]eh\ kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ M^h[gZ ^ey gZoh`^_gby g_ba\_klgh]h m]eZ beb klhjhgu ijhlb\he_`Zs_c wlhfm m]em b qblZ_lky ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf
³\ kn_jbq_kdhf lj_m]hevgbd_ dhkbgmk klhjhgu jZ\_g ijhba\_^_gbx dhkbgm kh\ ^\mo ^jm]bo klhjhg iexk ijhba\_^_gb_ kbgmkh\ wlbo klhjhg gZ dhkbgmk m]eZ f_`^m gbfb´ GZijbf_j E F $ ±aZ^Zggu_ we_f_glu lh]^Z
%
F |
D |
FRV D FRV E Â FRV F VLQ E Â VLQ F Â FRV $ |
$ |
|
& |
|
E |
|
NhjfmeZ dhkbgmkZ m]eZ k\yau\Z_l ljb m]eZ b klhjhgm kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_ m]hevgbdZ m^h[gZ ^ey gZoh`^_gby g_ba\_klghc klhjhgu beb m]eZ ijhlb\h e_`Zs_]h wlhc klhjhg_ b qblZ_lky lZd ³dhkbgmk m]eZ kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_
m]hevgbdZ jZ\_g hljbpZl_evghfm ijhba\_^_gbx dhkbgmkh\ ^\mo ^jm]bo m]eh\
&RS\ULJKW ‹><=F: |
: I >hf[bgkdbc |
F_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby ^ey \uiheg_gby eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl ih fZl_fZlbq_kdbf hkgh\Zf km^h\h`^_gby
iexk ijhba\_^_gb_ kbgmkh\ wlbo m]eh\ gZ dhkbgmk klhjhgu f_`^m gbfb´
GZijbf_j D % & aZ^Zggu_ we_f_glu lh]^Z
%
F |
D |
FRV$ FRV%Â FRV& VLQ% Â VLQ& ÂFRVD |
$ |
|
& |
|
E |
|
NhjfmeZ dhlZg]_gkh\ o jy^hf e_`Zsbo we_f_glh\ k\yau\Z_l jy ^hf e_`Zsbo we_f_glZ bkihevam_lky ^ey gZoh`^_gby djZcgbo we_f_glh\ b qblZ_lky ke_^mxsbf h[jZahf ³ijhba\_^_gb_ dhlZg]_gkZ djZcg_]h m]eZ gZ
kbgmk kj_^g_]h m]eZ jZ\gh ijhba\_^_gbx dhlZg]_gkZ djZcg_c klhjhgu gZ kb gmk kj_^g_c klhjhgu fbgmk ijhba\_^_gb_ dhkbgmkh\ kj_^gbo we_f_glh\´ GZ
ijbf_j D E & ± aZ^Zggu_ we_f_glu lh]^Z h[t_^bgb\ jy^hf e_ `Zsbo we_f_glZ $ E & D kh]eZkgh nhjfmebjh\d_ fh`gh aZibkZlv nhjfmem
|
% |
|
|
|
FWJ$ Â VLQ& FWJDÂ VLQE FRVE Â FRV& |
F |
D |
¹º» $ ¾ D Àƶ¿Ã¾» ÓÁ»Â»ÃÈÑ |
|
|
E ¾ & ÇÆ»ºÃ¾» ÓÁ»Â»ÃÈÑ |
$ |
|
& |
|
E |
|
Djhf_ lh]h \ wlhf kemqZ_ fh`gh h[t_^bgblv ke_^mxsb_ jy^hf e_`Z sbo we_f_glZ % D & E lh]^Z kh]eZkgh nhjfmebjh\d_ [m^_l
|
% |
|
|
|
FWJ% Â VLQ& FWJEÂ VLQD FRVD Â FRV& |
F |
D |
¹º» % ¾ E Àƶ¿Ã¾» ÓÁ»Â»ÃÈÑ |
|
|
D ¾ & ÇÆ»ºÃ¾» ÓÁ»Â»ÃÈÑ |
$ |
|
& |
|
E |
|
&RS\ULJKW ‹><=F: |
: I >hf[bgkdbc |
F_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby ^ey \uiheg_gby eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl ih fZl_fZlbq_kdbf hkgh\Zf km^h\h`^_gby
IHJY>HD J?R?GBY DHKHM=HEVGUO KN?JBQ?KDBO LJ?M=HEVGBDH<
Ijb j_r_gbb dhkhm]hevguo kn_jbq_kdbo lj_m]hevgbdh\ p_e_khh[jZagh ijb^_j`b\Zlvky ke_^mxs_]h ihjy^dZ ^_ckl\bc
AZibkZlv bkoh^gu_ ^Zggu_ b \u^_eblv bo gZ mkeh\ghc ko_f_
<uibkZlv nhjfmeu k\yau\Zxsb_ h^bg ba bkdhfuo we_f_glh\ k aZ^Z
gbyfb
<u\_klb jZ[hqb_ nhjfmeu \ dhlhjuo \ e_\hc qZklb nmgdpby bkdh fh]h we_f_glZ \ ijZ\hc nmgdpbb aZ^Zgguo we_f_glh\
Bkke_^h\Zlv jZ[hqmx nhjfmem gZ agZdb ijhklZ\eyy agZdb khhl\_lkl \mxsbo nmgdpbc k\_jom Wlh iha\hebl \_klb \bamZevguc dhgljhev aZ ijZ \bevghklvx jZkq_lZ ijhf_`mlhqguo iZjZf_ljh\ b bgh]^Z aZjZg__ hij_^_eblv q_l\_jlv \ dhlhjhc gZoh^blky bkdhfuc we_f_gl f_gvr_ beb [hevr_ ƒ
<uihegblv jZkq_l \\h^y bkoh^gu_ ^Zggu_ \ ]jZ^mkZo b \uibku\Zy ih g_h[oh^bfhklb ijhf_`mlhqgu_ agZq_gby g_ f_g__ q_f k agZdZfb ihke_ aZ iylhc ?keb agZq_gb_ bkdhfhc ljb]hghf_ljbq_kdhc nmgdpbb hljbpZl_evgh lh bkdhfuc we_f_gl e_`bl \h \lhjhc q_l\_jlb lh _klv \ ij_^_eZo ƒ^ey nmgdpbc FRV WJ FWJ Ijb jZkq_l_ gZ dZevdmeylhj_ ^ey hljbpZl_evgh]h agZq_gby nmgdpbb [m^_l \u^Z\Zlvky hljbpZl_evguc m]he \ ,9 q_l\_jlb d dhlhjhfm ^ey i_j_oh^Z \h,,q_l\_jlv gm`gh ^h[Z\blv ƒ
<uihegblv ijh\_jdm ihemq_gguo j_amevlZlh\ k ihfhsvx khhlghr_
gbc
²ijhlb\ [hevrbo m]eh\ e_`Zl [hevrb_ klhjhgu ²kmffZ ^\mo klhjhg [hevr_ lj_lv_c Z bo jZaghklv f_gvr_ ²kmffZ lj_o klhjhg e_`bl \ ij_^_eZo hl ƒ ^h ƒ kmffZ lj_o m]eh\±
\ ij_^_eZo hl ƒ ^h ƒ ²ih nhjfme_ kbgmkh\ gZijbf_j
VLQ D |
|
VLQ $ |
|
VLQ D |
|
VLQ $ |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
VLQ E |
|
VLQ % |
VLQ E |
|
VLQ % |
Ihke_ wlh]h g_h[oh^bfh \uibkZlv agZq_gby bkdhfuo we_f_glh\ kn_jb q_kdbo lj_m]hevgbdh\ k lhqghklvx [_a ijhimkdh\ jZajy^h\
Ijbf_qZgb_ _keb h^gZ ba klhjhg kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ jZ\gZ ƒ lh m^h[g__ \ hkgh\guo nhjfmeZo kjZam bkdexqblv keZ]Z_fu_ jZ\gu_ gmex b khdjZlblv \uqbke_gby
Ijbf_j
<uqbkeblv m]he % kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ _keb ba\_klgu ljb _]h klhjhgu D ƒ E ƒ F ƒ
J_r_gb_
% ••o FRV E FRV D ˜FRV F VLQ D ˜ VLQ F ˜FRV %
&RS\ULJKW ‹><=F: |
: I >hf[bgkdbc |
F_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby ^ey \uiheg_gby eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl ih fZl_fZlbq_kdbf hkgh\Zf km^h\h`^_gby
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
FRV% FRVEÂ FRVHFD Â FRVHF F FWJD Â FWJF |
|||||
F |
D |
|
, |
|
|
,, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
& |
|
, ,, |
% !ƒ |
||
|
E |
|
|
|
|
|
, ,, FRV% % ƒ
A:>:GBY
< lZ[e ij_^klZ\e_gu bkoh^gu_ ^Zggu_ ^ey j_r_gby kn_jbq_kdbo lj_m]hevgbdh\ Ihjy^hd \u[hjZ gm`guo we_f_glh\ hij_^_ey_lky ghf_jhf aZ^Zqb ]^_ i_j\Zy pbnjZ hagZqZ_l ghf_j \ZjbZglZ lZ[e Z ljb ke_^mxsb_±ghf_jZ klhe[ph\ ^ey \u[hjdb khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h we_f_glZ GZ ijbf_j aZibkv©aZ^ZqZ ‹ª hagZqZ_l qlh j_rZ_lky aZ^ZqZ \lhjh]h \Z jbZglZ aZ^Zgu we_f_glu klhjhgZ E klhjhgZ F m]he $ \ dhlhjhc klhjhgZ E \u[bjZ_lky ba ]h klhe[pZ klhjhgZ F ba ]h klhe[pZ m]he $ ba ]h klhe[pZ
|
|
|
|
² |
|
E |
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
F ƒ |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EF$ |
|
$ |
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LZ[ebpZ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
<ZjbZglu aZ^Zgby kn_jbq_kdbo lj_m]hevgbdh\ |
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
D E F |
E F $ |
|
F $ % |
|
|
|
$ % & |
|
D F % |
D % & |
|
D E & |
E $ & |
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LZ[ebpZ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||
We_f_gl |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
D |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|||||
E |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ƒ |
|
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
||||||
F |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|||||
$ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|||||
% |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ƒ |
|
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
||||||
& |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
|
&RS\ULJKW ‹><=F: |
: I >hf[bgkdbc |
F_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby ^ey \uiheg_gby eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl ih fZl_fZlbq_kdbf hkgh\Zf km^h\h`^_gby
[ IJYFHM=HEVGU? KN?JBQ?KDB? LJ?M=HEVGBDB
H;SB? K<?>?GBY
Ijyfhm]hevguf gZau\Z_lky lZdhc kn_jbq_kdbc lj_m]hevgbd m dhlhjh]h h^bg ba m]eh\ jZ\_g ƒ Ijyfhm]hevgu_ kn_jbq_kdb_ lj_m]hevgbdb [he__ jZpbhgZevgh j_rZlv ih ijZ\beZf Fh^xb G_i_jZ
\ ijyfhm]hevghf kn_jbq_kdhf lj_m]hevgbd_ dhkbgmk ex[h]h kj_^g_]h we_f_glZ jZ\_g ijhba\_^_gbx dhlZg]_gkh\ djZcgbo kf_`guo k gbf we_f_g lh\
dhkbgmk hl^_evgh e_`Zs_]h we_f_glZ kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ jZ\_g ijhba\_^_gbx kbgmkh\ ^\mo g_ kf_`guo k gbf jy^hf e_`Zsbo we_f_g
lh\
Ijbf_qZgb_ \ h[hbo ijZ\beZo ijbgylh qlh dZl_lu e_`Zl jy^hf ^jm] k ^jm]hf b qlh \f_klh dZl_lh\ gZ^h [jZlv bo ^hiheg_gby ^h ƒ baf_gyy khhl \_lkl\_ggh gZbf_gh\Zgby ljb]hghf_ljbq_kdbo nmgdpbc
Imklv \ kn_jbq_kdhf lj_m]hevgbd_ m]he $ jZ\_g ƒ lh]^Z kh]eZkgh ijZ \beZf Fh^xb G_i_jZ
%
ƒ F
F$ ƒ
D |
E |
E |
|
|
ƒ |
|
& |
FRV D |
FWJ % ˜ FWJ & |
½ |
|
|
|
¾ |
|
FRV % FWJ D ˜ FWJ q F ¿ |
|
||
|
|
½ |
|
FRV q F VLQ & ˜ VLQ D |
|
||
FRV D |
|
¾ |
|
VLQ q E ˜ VLQ q F ¿ |
|
Nhjfmeu mijhsZxlky k ihfhsvx jZ\_gkl\
VLQƒ M FRVM FRVƒ M VLQM kWJƒ M WJM
Ihjy^hd ^_ckl\bc ijb j_r_gbb ijyfhm]hevguo kn_jbq_kdbo lj_m]hev gbdh\ hklZ_lky ZgZeh]bqguf ihjy^dm j_r_gby dhkhm]hevguo kn_jbq_kdbo lj_m]hevgbdh\ Bkke_^h\Zgb_ `_ jZ[hq_c nhjfmeu gZ agZdb \ ex[hf kemqZ_ ^Z_l \hafh`ghklv hij_^_eblv aZjZg__ q_l\_jlv \ dhlhjhc gZoh^blky bkdhfuc we_f_gl f_gvr_ beb [hevr_ ƒ
Ijhdhgljhebjh\Zlv j_amevlZlu j_r_gby fh`gh bkihevamy ke_^mxs__ k\hckl\h \_ebqbgu dZl_lZ b ijhlb\he_`Zs_]h m]eZ ^he`gu [ulv \ h^ghc q_l\_jlb h[Z wlb we_f_glZ ^he`gu [ulv beb f_gvr_ beb `_ [hevr_ ƒ
Ijbf_j
%
D |
D |
|
ƒ |
||
|
&
>Zgh & ƒ D ƒ
E ƒ
F
$ |
GZclb m]he % |
E
ƒ E
&RS\ULJKW ‹><=F: |
: I >hf[bgkdbc |
F_lh^bq_kdb_ mdZaZgby ^ey \uiheg_gby eZ[hjZlhjguo jZ[hl ih fZl_fZlbq_kdbf hkgh\Zf km^h\h`^_gby
J_r_gb_
% o FRV q D FWJ % ˜ FWJ q E
• |
† |
• |
FWJ % |
VLQ D ˜ FWJ % |
|
q % q |
|
|
FWJ $ |
||
% q |
q |
A:>:GBY
< lZ[ebpZo ijb\_^_gu bkoh^gu_ ^Zggu_ ^ey j_r_gby ijyfhm]hev guo kn_jbq_kdbo lj_m]hevgbdh\ Ihjy^hd \u[hjZ gm`guo we_f_glh\ hij_^_ ey_lky ghf_jhf aZ^Zqb dhlhjuc ij_^klZ\ey_l kh[hc ^jh[v
I_j\Zy pbnjZ qbkebl_ey hij_^_ey_l dZdhc ba o m]eh\ kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ ijyfhc²$ ƒ²% ƒ²& ƒ
<lhjZy pbnjZ qbkebl_ey h[hagZqZ_l dZdb_ we_f_glu ijyfhm]hevgh]h kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ aZ^Zgu kf lZ[e Ih ^\mf pbnjZf agZf_ gZl_ey ba lZ[e \u[bjZxlky qbke_ggu_ agZq_gby aZ^Zgguo we_f_glh\ ijyfhm]hevgh]h kn_jbq_kdh]h lj_m]hevgbdZ
GZijbf_j aZ^ZqZ ‹ ± wlh hagZqZ_l qlh % ƒ b aZ^Zggu_ we_ f_glu F b & dhlhju_ \u[bjZxlky F ba ]h klhe[pZ Z & ba ]h klhe[pZ lZ[e
|
|
|
² |
F ƒ |
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
& ƒ |
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
|
|
% |
ƒ |
|
F& |
|
|
|
|
LZ[ebpZ |
|||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
$ ƒ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
E F |
|
F % |
|
|
|
|
E % |
D E |
|
D & |
|
% & |
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
LZ[ebpZ |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
D |
ƒ |
|
|
ƒ |
ƒ |
ƒ |
|||||||||
E |
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
ƒ |
|
ƒ |
|
ƒ |
|||||
F |
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
ƒ |
ƒ |
ƒ |
|||||||
% |
ƒ |
|
|
|
|
ƒ |
|
ƒ |
|
ƒ |
&ƒ ƒ ƒ ƒ
&RS\ULJKW ‹><=F: |
: I >hf[bgkdbc |