Answers.

Tests.

1. b. 6. b. 11. b. 16. c.

2. d. 7. d. 12. a. 17. a.

3. d. 8. b. 13. a.

4. c. 9. d. 14. d.

5. d. 10. c. 15. c.

Situation tasks for verification of eventual level of knowledge.

1. It is necessary for the exception of hemotransfusion complications and reactions:

а) to define the blood type of donor and recipient

b) to define Rh -factor-factor of donor and recipient

c) to conduct a test on group compatibility of donor and recipient on the system ABO

d) to conduct a test on Rh-compatibility of donor and recipient

e) to conduct a biological test

2. Accordant „Instructions” before determination of blood type on plates inflict the last name and initials of patient, or number to the small bottle of donor of blood.

3. During conducting of biological test during the surgical operation, when a patient is found under anesthesia, the change of pulse and arterial pressure can rely not only on blood transfusion, but also from operative interference, blood loss, introduction of medications and anesthesia. For this purpose after transfusion the first 100 g preparations of blood in a dry test tube with a few drops of geparin collect a 5 ml blood from the vein of patient and centrifugalize. The presence of the rose color of plasma (frequent pulse, decline of AT) indicates on that the poured incompatible blood. If plasma has the ordinary color, preparations of blood compatible and it is possible to continue hemotransfusion.

4. The reaction indicates on absence of compatibility of blood a donor and recipient on the system ABO. At mixing of whey of donor and red corpuscles of recipient of one group such reaction is impossible. The reaction of agglutination during conducting of test on group compatibility indicates on that blood types are definite more incorrect. It is necessary to get back to determination of blood types as at a donor, so at a recipient.

5. The reaction of agglutination during conducting of test on Rh-compatibility indicates that blood incompatible on a Rh -factor. Consequently, at determination to the Rh-factor there was an error. More frequent all an error arises up at a recipient, at a donor she is determined on the station of blood transfusion by more exact laboratory methods, and at a recipient – by an express-method.

6. This test indicates that blood incompatible on to the groups ABO. Pouring such red corpuscles mass not impossible. Agglutination does not pass, if blood of donor and recipient of one group. Thus there was an error at determination of blood type at a donor or recipient. It is needed to repeat determination of blood type.

7. A blood type after the method of standard wheys, in obedience to instruction on blood transfusion, is determined by two series of standard wheys. On to data of research by one series at a patient A (ІІ) blood type.

8. Interpreting a research result not impossible in this case, possible cold unspecific agglutination. It is needed to create the proper temperature condition for research (18 – 20 ^oC).

9. Interpreting a research result at such temperature not impossible, so as agglutination can arise not up. It is needed to create the proper temperature condition in a room for research (18 – 20 ^oC).

10. Interpreting a research result not impossible, possible unspecific agglutination which it is possible to eliminate by addition 0,9 % solution of chloride of sodium.

11. A result can be interpreted only through 5 min after the beginning of research, present antigen A₂ gives the reaction of agglutination only through 5 min.

12. A research result interprets more incorrect, because pseudoagglutination happened in this case. A result needs to be interpreted through a 5 min research.

13. A test on group compatibility is executed not correctly, it is necessary to mix the whey of recipient up with the red corpuscles of donor.

14. During conducting of test on Rh-compatibility with gelatin the assumed error. Test tubes are needed to place in an aquatic bath-house at a temperature 46 – 48 ^oC on 10 min and only then to estimate a research result.

15. Weak standard wheys with the title of antibodies 1:32 and by the finished term of fitness can cause late and weak agglutination and not faithful interpretation of results of determination of blood type, which is needed to repeat.