Экспертные системы (Шаповалов ФИБС БТС 10 семестр) / Материалы / Семья / Semia / Semia-1

x kf_jlv g_ljm^hkihkh[gh]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ eb[h ebpZ hkms_kl\ eyxs_]h moh^

x gZagZq_gb_ ebpm hkms_kl\eyxs_fm moh^ i_gkbb g_aZ\bkb fh hl __ \b^Z b jZaf_jZ eb[h ihkh[by ih [_ajZ[hlbp_

x ihklmie_gby ebpZ hkms_kl\eyxs_]h moh^ eb[h g_ljm^hkih kh[gh]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ gZ jZ[hlm

x ij_djZs_gb_ hkms_kl\e_gby moh^Z ih^l\_j`^_ggh_ khhl \_lkl\mxsbf aZy\e_gb_f g_ljm^hkihkh[gh]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ eb[h _]h aZdhggh]h ij_^klZ\bl_ey

x bkl_q_gb_ kjhdZ gZ dhlhjuc [ueZ mklZgh\e_gZ ]jmiiZ bg \Zeb^ghklb

x ^hklb`_gb_ j_[_gdhf bg\Zeb^hf \hajZklZ e_l _keb _fm ih ^hklb`_gbb ^Zggh]h \hajZklZ g_ mklZgh\e_gZ bg\Zeb^ ghklv ]jmiiu

x ihf_s_gb_ g_ljm^hkihkh[gh]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ gZ ihegh_ ]hkm ^Zjkl\_ggh_ kh^_j`Zgb_

x ebr_gb_ jh^bl_ey hkms_kl\eyxs_]h moh^ aZ j_[_gdhf bg\Zeb^hf \ \hajZkl_ ^h e_l jh^bl_evkdbo ijZ\

x i_j_f_gZ f_klZ `bl_evkl\Z g_ljm^hkihkh[guf ]jZ`^Zgb ghf \e_dmsZy baf_g_gb_ hj]ZgZ \uieZqb\Zxs_]h _fm i_gkbx

Ebph hkms_kl\eyxs__ moh^ \ kemqZ_ ihklmie_gby _]h gZ jZ[hlm gZagZq_gby _fm i_gkbb ihkh[by ih [_ajZ[hlbp_ Z lZd`_ ijb gZebqbb ^jm]bo h[klhyl_evkl\ \e_dmsbo ij_djZs_gb_ \uieZlu _`_ f_kyqghc ^_g_`ghc dhfi_gkZpbb h[yaZgh \ l_q_gb_ ^g_c khh[sblv hj]Zgm gZagZqb\r_fm \uieZqb\Zxs_fm mdZaZggmx dhfi_gkZpbx h gZklmie_gbb lZdbo h[klhyl_evkl\

<uieZlZ _`_f_kyqghc ^_g_`ghc dhfi_gkZpbb ij_djZsZ_l ky k i_j\h]h qbkeZ f_kypZ ke_^mxs_]h aZ l_f \ dhlhjhf gZklmibeb h[klhyl_evkl\Z i_j_qbke_ggu_ \ imgdl_ gZklhys_]h Ihjy^dZ

< kemqZ_ i_j_f_gu g_ljm^hkihkh[guf ]jZ`^Zgbghf f_klZ `bl_evkl\Z khhl\_lkl\mxsbc hj]Zg \uieZqb\Zxsbc _fm ih gh\hfm f_klm `bl_evkl\Z ih aZy\e_gbx ebpZ hkms_kl\eyxs_]h moh^ beb g_ ljm^hkihkh[gh]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ \hah[gh\ey_l \uieZlm _`_f_kyqghc ^_ g_`ghc dhfi_gkZpbb k i_j\h]h qbkeZ f_kypZ ke_^mxs_]h aZ l_f \ dhlhjhf [ueZ ij_djZs_gZ __ \uieZlZ Ijb wlhf \ kemqZ_ g_h[oh^b fhklb mdZaZgguc hj]Zg fh`_l aZlj_[h\Zlv hl ebpZ hkms_kl\eyxs_]h moh^ eb[h g_ljm^hkihkh[gh]h ]jZ`^ZgbgZ ih\lhjgh_ ij_^klZ\e_gb_ hl^_evguo ^hdmf_glh\ i_j_qbke_gguo \ imgdl_ gZklhys_]h Ihjy^dZ

Kmffu gZagZq_gghc _`_f_kyqghc ^_g_`ghc dhfi_gkZpbb g_ ihemq_ggu_ k\h_\j_f_ggh \uieZqb\Zxlky aZ \k_ ijhreh_ \j_fy gh g_ [he__ q_f aZ ljb ]h^Z i_j_^ h[jZs_gb_f aZ bo ihemq_gb_f Kmffu _`_f_kyqghc ^_g_`ghc dhfi_gkZpbb g_ \uieZq_ggu_ k\h_ \j_f_ggh ih \bg_ hj]ZgZ gZagZqZxs_]h b \uieZqb\Zxs_]h lZdmx

dhfi_gkZpbx \uieZqb\Zxlky aZ \k_ ijhreh_ \j_fy [_a h]jZgbq_gby dZdbf eb[h kjhdhf

Kihju ih \hijhkZf gZagZq_gby b \uieZlu _`_f_kyqghc \ lhf qbke_ h \aukdZgbb kmff dhfi_gkZpbb baebrg_ \uieZq_gguo \ke_^kl\b_ aehmihlj_[e_gby ebp hkms_kl\eyxsbo moh^ eb[h g_ljm ^hkihkh[guo ]jZ`^Zg jZaj_rZxlky \ur_klhysbf hj]Zghf beb \ km ^_[ghf ihjy^d_ ij_^mkfhlj_gghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

©H ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc ih^^_j`d_ jZa\blby f_^bpbgkdhc ijhfur e_gghklb b memqr_gbb h[_ki_q_gby gZk_e_gby b mqj_`^_gbc a^jZ\hhojZg_gby e_dZjkl\_ggufb kj_^kl\Zfb b ba^_ebyfb f_ ^bpbgkdh]h gZagZq_gbyª‹ hl

Ba\e_q_gb_

Ml\_j^blv i_j_q_gv ]jmii gZk_e_gby b dZl_]hjbc aZ[he_\Z gbc ijb Zf[meZlhjghf e_q_gbb dhlhjuo e_dZjkl\_ggu_ kj_^kl\Z b ba^_eby f_^bpbgkdh]h gZagZq_gby hlimkdZxlky ih j_p_ilZf \jZq_c [_kieZlgh kh]eZkgh ijbeh`_gbx ‹ b i_j_q_gv ]jmii gZk_e_gby ijb Zf[meZlhjghf e_q_gbb dhlhjuo e_dZjkl\_ggu_ kj_^kl\Z hlimkdZ xlky ih j_p_ilZf \jZq_c k ijhp_glghc kdb^dhc kh]eZkgh ijbeh`_ gbx ‹

Hj]ZgZf bkihegbl_evghc \eZklb km[t_dlh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_

^_jZpbb

hkms_kl\eylv f_ju ih dhgljhex aZ gZebqb_f \ Zil_qguo mqj_`^_gbyo g_aZ\bkbfh hl nhjf kh[kl\_gghklb e_dZjkl \_gguo ijhnbeZdlbq_kdbo b ^bZ]ghklbq_kdbo kj_^kl\ b ba ^_ebc f_^bpbgkdh]h gZagZq_gby \hr_^rbo \ h[yaZl_ev guc Zkkhjlbf_glguc i_j_q_gv Ijb hlkmlkl\bb \ Zil_qguo mqj_`^_gbyo e_dZjkl\_gguo ijhnbeZdlbq_kdbo b ^bZ]gh klbq_kdbo kj_^kl\ b ba^_ebc f_^bpbgkdh]h gZagZq_gby \oh^ysbo \ h[yaZl_evguc Zkkhjlbf_glguc i_j_q_gv ijb gbfZlv khhl\_lkl\mxsb_ f_ju

mklZgZ\eb\Zlv jZaf_j kdb^db kh k\h[h^guo p_g gZ `bag_g gh g_h[oh^bfu_ b \Z`g_crb_ e_dZjkl\_ggu_ kj_^kl\Z j_Zebam_fu_ gZk_e_gbx ih j_p_ilZf \jZq_c e_q_[gh ijhnbeZdlbq_kdbo mqj_`^_gbc ij_^ijbylbyfb mqj_`^_ gbyfb b hj]ZgbaZpbyfb Zil_qghc k_lb

k\h_\j_f_ggh h[_ki_qb\Zlv hieZlm e_dZjkl\_gguo kj_^kl\ b ba^_ebc f_^bpbgkdh]h gZagZq_gby hlimkdZ_fuo \ mklZgh\ e_gghf ihjy^d_ gZk_e_gbx ih j_p_ilZf \jZq_c [_kieZlgh beb kh kdb^dhc

mklZgZ\eb\Zlv ^ey ij_^ijbylbc Zil_qghc k_lb g_aZ\bkbfh hl nhjf kh[kl\_gghklb jZaf_ju lhj]h\uo gZ^[Z\hd d p_gZf hl_q_kl\_gguo ba]hlh\bl_e_c beb ihklZ\sbdh\ bfihjlguo e_dZjkl\_gguo kj_^kl\ b ba^_ebc f_^bpbgkdh]h gZagZq_gby

\Zxlky gZoh^ysbfky \ qZklbqgh hieZqb\Z_fhf hlimkd_ ih moh^m aZ j_[_gdhf ^h ^hklb`_gby bf \hajZklZ ihemlhjZ e_l b gZoh^ysbfky \ ^hihegbl_evghf hlimkd_ [_a khojZg_gby aZjZ[hlghc ieZlu ih moh^m aZ j_[_gdhf ^h ^hklb`_gby bf \hajZklZ lj_o e_l ^Ze__ bf_gmxlky hlimkdZ ih moh^m aZ j_[_gdhf

Z fZl_jyf hlpm mkugh\bl_ex hi_dmgm [Z[mrd_ ^_^mrd_ ^jm ]hfm jh^kl\_ggbdm nZdlbq_kdb hkms_kl\eyxs_fm moh^ aZ j_[_gdhf khklhysbf \ ljm^h\uo hlghr_gbyo gZ mkeh\byo gZcfZ k ij_^ijb ylbyfb mqj_`^_gbyfb hj]ZgbaZpbyfb g_aZ\bkbfh hl bo hj]ZgbaZpb hggh ijZ\h\uo nhjf

[ fZl_jyf ijhoh^ysbf \h_ggmx kem`[m ih dhgljZdlm kem`[m \ dZq_kl\_ ebp jy^h\h]h b gZqZevkl\mxs_]h khklZ\Z \ hj]ZgZo \gmlj_g gbo ^_e

\ fZl_jyf ijhoh^ysbf \h_ggmx kem`[m ih dhgljZdlm b fZl_ jyf ba ]jZ`^Zgkdh]h i_jkhgZeZ \hbgkdbo nhjfbjh\Zgbc Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb gZoh^ysboky gZ l_jjblhjbb bghkljZgguo ]hkm^Zjkl\ \ kemqZyo ij_^mkfhlj_gguo f_`^mgZjh^gufb ^h]h\hjZfb Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb

] `_gsbgZf m\he_gguf \ k\yab k ebd\b^Zpb_c ij_^ijbylby mq j_`^_gby hj]ZgbaZpbb _keb hgb gZoh^bebkv gZ fhf_gl m\hevg_gby \ hlimkdZo ih moh^m aZ j_[_gdhf b g_ ihemqZxl ihkh[by ih [_ajZ[hlbp_

AZy\e_gb_ h gZagZq_gbb _`_f_kyqguo dhfi_gkZpbhgguo \uieZl ih^Z_lky ih f_klm jZ[hlu kem`[u ^ey ebp mdZaZgguo \ ih^ imgdl_ ] imgdlZ gZklhys_]h Ihjy^dZ \ hj]Zg khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby ih f_klm `bl_evkl\Z D aZy\e_gbx ijbeZ]Z_lky dhiby ijb dZaZ h ij_^hklZ\e_gbb hlimkdh\ ih moh^m aZ j_[_gdhf

Ijb gZagZq_gbb _`_f_kyqguo dhfi_gkZpbhgguo \uieZl \ hj]ZgZo khpbZevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby ^hihegbl_evgh d aZy\e_gbx ij_^klZ\eyxlky

dhiby k\b^_l_evkl\Z h jh`^_gbb j_[_gdZljm^h\Zy dgb`dZ

kijZ\dZ hj]Zgh\ ]hkm^Zjkl\_gghc kem`[u aZgylhklb h g_ \uieZl_ ihkh[by ih [_ajZ[hlbp_

J_r_gb_ h gZagZq_gbb _`_f_kyqguo dhfi_gkZpbhgguo \u ieZl ijbgbfZ_lky Z^fbgbkljZpb_c ij_^ijbylby mqj_`^_gby hj]Z gbaZpbb jmdh\h^bl_e_f \hbgkdh]h nhjfbjh\Zgby beb hj]ZgZ khpb Zevghc aZsblu gZk_e_gby \ ^g_\guc kjhd kh ^gy ihklmie_gby ^h dmf_glh\

< kemqZ_ hldZaZ \ gZagZq_gbb _`_f_kyqguo dhfi_gkZpbhgguo \uieZl aZy\bl_ev ibkvf_ggh ba\_sZ_lky h[ wlhf \ ^g_\guc kjhd ihke_ ijbgylby khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h j_r_gby k mdZaZgb_f ijbqbgu hldZ aZ b ihjy^dZ _]h h[`Zeh\Zgby H^gh\j_f_ggh \ha\jZsZxlky \k_ ^h dmf_glu

?`_f_kyqgu_ dhfi_gkZpbhggu_ \uieZlu gZagZqZxlky kh ^gy ij_^hklZ\e_gby hlimkdh\ ih moh^m aZ j_[_gdhf _keb h[jZs_gb_

ijbf_g_gb_f wlbo dhwnnbpb_glh\ g_aZ\bkbfh hl f_klZ nZdlbq_kdh]h ij_[u\Zgby ihemqZl_ey \ i_jbh^ hlimkdZ ih moh^m aZ j_[_gdhf

Kihju ih \hijhkZf gZagZq_gby b \uieZlu _`_f_kyqguo dhfi_gkZpbhgguo \uieZl jZaj_rZxlky \ur_klhysbf hj]Zghf beb km ^hf \ ihjy^d_ ij_^mkfhlj_gghf aZdhgh^Zl_evkl\hf Jhkkbckdhc n_ ^_jZpbb

?`_f_kyqgu_ dhfi_gkZpbhggu_ \uieZlu g_jZ[hlZxsbf `_gZf ebp jy^h\h]h b gZqZevkl\mxs_]h khklZ\Z hj]Zgh\ \gmlj_ggbo ^_e \ hl^Ze_gguo ]ZjgbahgZo b f_klghklyo ]^_ hlkmlkl\m_l \hafh`ghklv bo ljm^hmkljhckl\Z

?`_f_kyqgu_ dhfi_gkZpbhggu_ \uieZlu \ jZaf_j_ ijh p_glh\ fbgbfZevgh]h jZaf_jZ hieZlu ljm^Z gZagZqZxlky b \uieZqb \Zxlky g_jZ[hlZxsbf `_gZf ebp jy^h\h]h b gZqZevkl\mxs_]h khklZ \Z hj]Zgh\ \gmlj_ggbo ^_e \ hl^Ze_gguo ]ZjgbahgZo b f_klghklyo ]^_ hlkmlkl\m_l \hafh`ghklv bo ljm^hmkljhckl\Z

Ihjy^hd b mkeh\by hlg_k_gby hj]Zgh\ \gmlj_ggbo ^_e d qbkem ^bkehpbjh\Zgguo \ hl^Ze_gguo ]ZjgbahgZo b f_klghklyo ]^_ hlkmlkl\m_l \hafh`ghklv ljm^hmkljhckl\Z `_g ebp jy^h\h]h b gZ qZevkl\mxs_]h khklZ\Z mklZgZ\eb\Zxlky Fbgbkl_jkl\hf \gmlj_ggbo ^_e Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb ih kh]eZkh\Zgbx k Fbgbkl_jkl\hf ljm^Z Jhkkbckdhc N_^_jZpbb b Fbgbkl_jkl\hf nbgZgkh\ Jhkkbckdhc N_ ^_jZpbb

IjZ\h gZ _`_f_kyqgu_ dhfi_gkZpbhggu_ \uieZlu bf_xl `_gu ebp jy^h\h]h b gZqZevkl\mxs_]h khklZ\Z hj]Zgh\ \gmlj_ggbo ^_e nZdlbq_kdb ijh`b\Zxsb_ \f_kl_ k fm`vyfb \ hl^Ze_gguo ]Zjgb ahgZo b f_klghklyo ]^_ hgb g_ fh]ml ljm^blvky \ k\yab k hlkmlkl\b_f \hafh`ghklb ljm^hmkljhckl\Z b g_ ihemqZxsb_ ihkh[by ih [_ajZ[h lbp_

GZagZq_gb_ b \uieZlZ _`_f_kyqguo dhfi_gkZpbhgguo \u ieZl ijhba\h^ylky ih f_klm kem`[u ebp jy^h\h]h b gZqZevkl\mxs_]h khklZ\Z hj]Zgh\ \gmlj_ggbo ^_e gZ hkgh\Zgbb ebqgh]h aZy\e_gby d dhlhjhfm ijbeZ]Z_lky dhiby k\b^_l_evkl\Z h [jZd_ kijZ\dZ dZ^jh\h]h hj]ZgZ h ijb[ulbb b nZdlbq_kdhf ijh`b\Zgbb `_gu ih f_klm kem`[u fm`Z b ij_^klZ\ey_lky ljm^h\Zy dgb`dZ `_gu ?keb `_gZ ^h h[jZs_ gby aZ _`_f_kyqgufb dhfi_gkZpbhggufb \uieZlZfb g_ gZqbgZeZ ljm^h\mx ^_yl_evghklv __ ljm^h\Zy dgb`dZ g_ ij_^klZ\ey_lky < wlhf kemqZ_ kem`Zsbc \ k\h_f h[jZs_gbb mdZau\Z_l qlh _]h `_gZ g_ gZqbgZeZ ljm^h\mx ^_yl_evghklv

J_r_gb_ h gZagZq_gbb _`_f_kyqguo dhfi_gkZpbhgguo \u ieZl ijbgbfZ_lky jmdh\h^bl_e_f hj]ZgZ \gmlj_ggbo ^_e \ ^g_\guc kjhd kh ^gy ihklmie_gby ^hdmf_glh\ < kemqZ_ hldZaZ \ gZagZq_gbb _`_f_kyqguo dhfi_gkZpbhgguo \uieZl aZy\bl_ev ibkvf_ggh ba\_sZ _lky h[ wlhf \ ^g_\guc kjhd ihke_ ijbgylby khhl\_lkl\mxs_]h j_ r_gby k mdZaZgb_f ijbqbgu hldZaZ b ihjy^dZ _]h h[`Zeh\Zgby H^gh \j_f_ggh \ha\jZsZxlky \k_ ^hdmf_glu