Английский в алгоритмах.Фомина
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“Американская” конструкция
Употребление Ask
В устойчивых словосочетаниях.
Ask a question a favour the price after smb. the time around
for smth./smb.
Только в косвенной речи (побудительное наклонение и вопросительное предложение).
He asked not to open the door.
Он попросил не открывать дверь.
He asked where she had been.
Он спросил, где она была.
S haven’t / hasn’t V3 since S V2(ed)
I haven’t met her since she arrived.
Я не встречала ее с тех пор как она приехала.
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He’s not used to … up so early. |
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a) wake |
b) waken |
c)wakes |
d) waking |
Charles and Jane … to live in the country. |
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a) use |
b) are used |
c) used |
d) were using |
It takes … to learn any language. |
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a) a long time |
b) long |
c) long time |
d) long times |
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I finished the book in two days. |
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Конструкция Used to |
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It took ………… |
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2.9.13 Согласование времен и косвенная речь. |
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am/is/are |
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used to Ving |
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The sequence of Tenses and Reported speech. |
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S + used to V1 |
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get |
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Когда-то |
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Привык |
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• |
Утверждение. Statements. |
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They used to work hard. |
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I’m used to working hard. |
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Когда-то они работали |
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Я привыкла работать усердно. |
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Настоящее |
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Past Indefinite |
I lived in Kiev. |
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усердно. |
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They couldn’t get used to the noise of the town. |
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действие |
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Past Continuous |
Я живу в Киеве. |
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There used to be a town. |
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Они не привыкли к шуму города. |
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S said, that |
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Прошедшее |
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Past Perfect |
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I had lived in Kiev. |
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Когда-то это был город. |
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S сказал,что |
действие |
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Past Perfect Continuous |
Я жил в Киеве. |
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Конструкция “It takes” |
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Будущее |
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Future in the Past |
I should live in Kiev. |
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действие |
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Я буду жить в Киеве. |
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It iakes |
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now |
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then, immediately |
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уходит |
me |
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today |
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that day |
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It took |
him |
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2 hours |
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to V |
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yesterday |
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the day before, the previous day |
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ушло |
her |
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tomorrow |
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the next day, the following day |
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It will take |
us |
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! |
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…ago |
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…before |
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уйдет |
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this |
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that |
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It doesn’t take me 10 minutes to wash up. |
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these |
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those |
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here |
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there |
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У меня не уходит и 10 минут, чтобы вымыть посуду. |
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last year |
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the year before, the previous year |
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last month |
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the month before, the previous month |
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last… |
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the … before, the previous… |
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140 |
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141 |
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! |
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next… |
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the following |
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+ that clause |
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come |
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go |
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“It’s more comfortable to travel by plane” S explained that |
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explain – объяснять |
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bring |
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take |
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it was more comfortable to travel by plane |
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Приказы. Commands. |
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inform – информировать, |
“The exam will be on Monday” S informed that the exam |
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сообщать |
would be on Monday |
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“+” |
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S |
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told |
to V1 |
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He told me to keep silence. |
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+ to V1 |
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ordered |
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agree – |
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“Yes, we’ll visit you” S agreed to visit us |
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соглашаться |
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“–” |
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S asked not to V1 |
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He asked me not to make noise. |
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advise – советовать |
“You should try again” S advised me to try again |
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allow – позволять |
“You can watch TV” S allowed me to watch TV |
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Вопросы. Questions. |
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ask – просить |
“Please, stop laughing” S asked me to stop laughing |
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beg – просить |
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General |
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S asked if(whether) S+Vt |
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He asked if she worked. |
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“Please, borrow me your pen” S begged me to borrow my |
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кого-либо – of, from |
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Он спросил, работает ли она. |
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pen |
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о чем-либо – for |
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He asked where she worked. |
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Special |
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S asked what/where… S+Vt |
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claim – требовать, |
“I’m sitting here” S claimed to be sitting there |
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Он спросил, где она работает. |
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претендовать |
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Согласие / несогласие. Agreement/Disagreement. |
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command – приказывать |
“Go away” S commanded to go away |
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demand – требовать |
“You must read it once more” S demanded to read it once |
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more |
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“+” |
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“Oh, yes” |
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S agreed |
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encourage – ободрять, |
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“You should rest” S encouraged me to rest |
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“–” |
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“Oh, no” |
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S refused |
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поддерживать, помогать |
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forbid – запрещать |
“You can’t play here” S forbade to play there |
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invite – приглашать |
“Will you come to the party?” S invited me to go to the |
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• |
Предложение. Suggestions. |
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party |
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offer – предлагать |
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“Would you like to see it?” S offered to see it |
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order – приказывать |
“Sit down” S ordered to sit down |
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1) S suggested Ving |
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The teacher suggested reading the text. |
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promise – обещать |
“Oh, yes, I’ll see you” S promised to see me |
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Учитель предложил прочитать текст. |
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refuse – отказываться |
“Oh, no, I can’t do it” S refused to do it |
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remind – напоминать |
“Stop talking or I’ll kill you” S threatened to kill if we |
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threaten – угрожать |
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2) “Let’s V ” S suggested Ving |
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didn’t stop talking |
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warn – предупреждать |
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“Mind your head” S warned me to mind my head |
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He said: “Let’s go for a walk”. He suggested going for a walk. |
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• |
Просьбы, предложения, указания. Requests, suggestions, instructions |
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Task |
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“They were walking all Sunday,” my friend said. |
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accuse of – |
+ ing |
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“Bob stole the car” S accused Bob of having stolen the car |
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обвинять |
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“The spring is warm,” she wrote. |
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admit (to) – |
признавать |
“Yes, I have taken it” S admitted to having taken it |
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apologize for – извиняться |
“Oh, I’m sorry I’m late” S apologized for being late |
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“When is the interview, Jhon?” she asked. |
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boast about of – |
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“Oh, I’m an excellent student” S boasted of being an |
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He asked |
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хвастаться |
excellent student |
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“Why don’t we invite Mary for dinner?” he said. |
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complain (to smb) of / |
“I feel very tired” S complained of felling very tired |
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He suggested |
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about – жаловаться |
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“Where were you yesterday?” he said. |
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deny – отрицать |
“I didn’t break the pen” S denied having broken the pen |
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He asked |
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insist on – настаивать |
“Open the door” S insisted on opening the door |
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“When will they call tomorrow?” she said. |
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142 |
143 |
She said
“Did you see her yesterday?” he said her. He asked
“Are you tired?” she said him. She asked
“Will Bob be here at 5 p.m.?” they said. They asked
“Open the door, Jhon” the teacher said. The teacher
“Don’t cry, the children!” the nurse said The nurse asked
“The plane will arrive on time” I guessed
“You simply must let me pay for the meal”, he said.
He insisted meal
ІІІ |
should |
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If he had done his homework |
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If S had V3 ,S |
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have V3 |
yesterday, he wouldn’t have got a |
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would |
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“бы” |
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bad mark. |
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Если бы он сделал бы свою |
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Past |
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(прошедшее) |
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домашнюю работу вчера, он бы |
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Perfect |
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не получил плохую отметку. |
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Если V (were, had, could, should), то возможна инверсия и отсутствие “if”
If If I had known about it before, I would have come to you. Had I known about it before, I would have come to you.
If I were there, I would help you Were I there, I would help you.
Смешанные предложения. Mixed sentences.
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I asked him … , but he went anyway. |
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Сослагательное наклонение. |
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І |
till |
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The Subjunctive Mood. |
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Реальные |
if |
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A |
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Present |
Future |
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Indefinite |
Indefinite |
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If S V(s) |
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S V(s) |
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were |
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get green. |
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If S |
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Если смешиваем желтый и |
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V2 |
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Present |
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Present |
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синий, то получаем зеленый. |
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Indefinite Indefinite |
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(“бы”) |
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shall |
If I find the answer, I shall tell you. |
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after |
S V(s) , S |
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V1 |
Если я найду ответ, я скажу |
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тебе. |
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будущее) |
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when |
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will |
As soon as he is ready, they will |
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Indefinite |
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Реальные |
till |
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go for a walk. |
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until |
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Present |
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Future |
Как только он будет готов, они |
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ІІІ |
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should |
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Indefinite |
Indefinite |
пойдут на прогулку. |
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If S had V3 |
, |
S |
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have V3 |
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“бы” |
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would |
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were |
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should |
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go for a walk. |
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ІІ |
If S |
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Если бы погода была бы |
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would |
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Perfect |
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Нереальные |
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хорошей (сегодня), то мы бы |
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погуляли. |
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(“бы”) |
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If you rang me up, I should tell |
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A If I came back late, I shan’t be on time for work today. |
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(настоящее, |
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Past |
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you something. |
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B If he were polite, he wouldn’t have talked to her like that. |
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будущее) |
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C If I had mailed the letter yesterday you would recеive it tomorrow. |
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Indefinite |
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(сегодня) я бы тебе кое-что |
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рассказала. |
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144 |
145 |
Конструкция “I wish/if only”
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действие |
время |
пример |
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одновременное |
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I wish I were in now. |
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Хотела бы я быть сейчас дома. |
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будущее |
Indefinite |
(Жаль, что я сейчас не дома) |
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I wish |
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I wish he had passed an exam. |
Хотелось бы… |
прошедшее |
Past Perfect |
Я хотела бы, чтобы он сдал |
Жаль,что…не… |
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экзамен. (Жаль, что он не сдал |
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экзамен) |
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пожелание |
Future in the |
I wish it would stop snowing. |
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Хотелось бы, чтобы снегопад |
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I wish (you , sing) |
now |
at the concert. |
yesterday |
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tomorrow |
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2.10 Неличные формы глагола. The Nonfinite forms of the Verb.
Неличные формы глагола, к которым относятся причастие, инфинитив и герундий отличаются тем, что не имеют категории лица, числа, времени и наклонения и не употребляются в предложении в функции сказуемого, хотя могут быть его частью.
То translate (инфинитив) the text I used a dictionary.
Чтобы перевести текст, я воспользовался словарём.
Конструкция
It’s time (Пора)
It’s high time (Давно пора) S V2(ed)
It’s time we went home. Нам пора идти домой.
Smoking (герундий) is not allowed here.
Курить (курение) здесь не разрешается.
The stars shining (причастие I) in the dark sky seem white.
Звёзды, сияющие в тёмном небе, кажутсябелыми.
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Even if I … all night I still wouldn’t be properly prepared for tomorrow.
a) will study |
b) have studied |
c) would study |
d) studied |
“I’m most grateful to you for greeting the doctor on time.” |
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c) would die |
d)may have die |
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a) had |
b) would have |
c) would |
d) had have |
If only I … a motorcycle instead of a car. I wouldn’t have spent so much on petrol. a) had bought b) buy c) have bought d) bought
As soon as she … (recover) we … (visit) you.
Had I … (know) about the gift, I … invite you.
If he … (to be) a winner, he … (get) a lot of money.
0
2.10.1 Инфинитив. The Infinitive.
to + V1
Не ставится “to”:
после модальных глаголов: can, may, must…
I can … swim.
Яумею плавать.
после глаголов to let (позволять), to make (заставлять)
My mother makes me…clean the room.
Моя мама заставляет меня убирать в комнате
после выражений
would rather (предпочитать, лучше бы) I would rather … do it now.
Я бы лучше ( предпочла бы) сделать это сейчас had better (лучше)
You had better … do it now.
Лучше сделай это сей час
в сложном дополнении после глаголов: to see, to hear, to feel…(см. Complex subject)
I see the girl … play.
Явижу девочку, которая играет
146 |
147 |
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Формы инфинитива |
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Конструкция |
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“for + N (Pr.)+ to V1” |
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Active |
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Passive |
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He opened the door for me to get out. |
Он открыл двери, чтобы я вышла. |
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to V1 |
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to be V3 |
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I wanted much for children to be happy. |
Я так хотела, чтобы дети были счастливы. |
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I’m glad to speak. |
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I don’t like to be asked. |
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вопросы |
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Continuous |
to be Ving |
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Употребление had better / would rather / prefer |
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I’m glad to be speaking. |
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to have V3 |
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Perfect |
I’m glad to have spoken. |
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I like to have been told. |
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лучше бы |
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to have been Ving |
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I’m glad to have been speaking. |
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It would have been better if she hadn’t lied to us. |
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Continuous |
Рад (а), что все это время |
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разговаривал(а). |
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Словосочетания с инфинитивом |
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WOULD RATHER |
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to tell (you) the truth |
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сказать вам по правде |
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0 |
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предпочел бы |
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I would rather have |
worked yesterday. |
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to say the least of it |
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по меньшей мере |
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to begin with |
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начнем с того |
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S prefer N/Ving to N/Ving |
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Инфинитивные фразы |
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PREFER |
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I prefer watching TV to washing up. |
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The report leaves much to be desired. |
Доклад оставляет желатьлучшего. |
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S prefer V rather than V |
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He is difficult to deal with. |
С ним трудно иметь дело. |
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предпочесть |
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I prefer to watch TV rather than wash up. |
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He is hard to please. |
Ему трудно угодить. |
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She is pleasant to look at. |
На нее приятно смотреть. |
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I have nothing to read. |
Мне нечего сказать. |
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I’d prefer to watch TV than wash up. |
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She has nobody to speak with. |
Ей не с кем поговорить. |
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What is to be done? |
Что делать? |
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Who is to blame? |
Кто виноват? |
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Функции инфинитива |
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I am not to blame. |
Я не виноват. |
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В предложении инфинитив может быть: |
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To see is to believe. |
Видеть – значит верить. |
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a. Подлежащим. |
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He was the first (last) to come. |
Он пришел первым (последним). |
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То walk in the garden was very pleasant. Гулятьв саду было очень приятно. |
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Не может быть и речи о том, чтобы |
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It’s out of the question to go there. |
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То read a lot is to know much. Много читатьмного знать. |
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идти туда. |
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148 |
149 |
b. Обстоятельством цели. |
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Обязательное употребление герундия |
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То read the book I went to the reading-hall. Чтобы прочитать эту книгу, я |
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пошёл в читальный зал. |
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после глаголов |
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c. Определением. |
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to avoid – избегать |
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to be afraid of – бояться |
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to burst out – разразиться |
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to complain of – жаловаться |
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Инфинитив в функции определения переводится на русский язык тремя |
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cannot help, couldn’t help – не могу не, не |
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to depend on – зависеть |
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мог не |
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to feel like –хотеть |
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to deny – отрицать |
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a. |
Придаточным определительным предложением с модальным |
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to look like – выглядеть |
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to enjoy – получать удовольствие |
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сказуемым. |
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to persist in – упорствовать |
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to excuse – извиняться |
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Не is going to take part in the conference to be held in Kiev. |
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to finish – заканчивать |
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to insist on – настаивать |
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to look forward to – предвкушать |
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Он собирается принять участие в конференции, которая должна состояться |
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to forgive – прощать |
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в Киеве. |
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to give up – отказываться, бросать что- |
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to object to – возражать |
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b. |
Неопределённой формой глагола. |
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либо делать |
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to give up the idea of – отказываться от |
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I have nothing to say. Мне нечего сказать. |
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to go on – продолжать |
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мысли |
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to prevent from – помешать (чему-то) |
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c. Личной формой глагола, если определение относится к порядковому |
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to keep on – продолжать |
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to rely on –полагаться |
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числительному. |
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to mind (в отриц. I don’t mind) – не |
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to suspect of – подозревать, сомневаться в |
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She was the first to come. Она пришла первой. |
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возражаю |
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to succeed in – преуспеть в |
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d. |
Дополнением. |
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to postpone – откладывать |
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to speak of – говорить о |
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He was glad to have been given a new job. Он был рад, что ему дали новую |
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to put off – откладывать |
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to be sorry for – сожалеть |
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работу. |
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to stop – останавливать |
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to thank for – благодарить |
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I decided to read this book. Я решил прочитать эту книгу. |
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to accuse of – обвинять в |
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to think of – думать о |
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e. |
Частью сказуемого (часто модального). |
to agree to – согласиться |
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to be tired of – устать от |
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You may come in. Вы можете войти. |
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to approve of – одобрять |
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We ought to leave early in the morning. Мы должны уехать рано утром. |
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после выражений |
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My wish is to read much. Моё желание - много читать.
be worth – стоит
2.10.2 Герундий. The Gerund.
Ving
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Active |
Passive |
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Indefinite |
Ving |
being V3 |
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He likes singing. |
He likes being sung. |
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Он любит петь. |
Он любит, чтобы ему пели |
Perfect |
having V3 |
having been V3 |
He likes having sung. |
He likes having been sung. |
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…что спел. |
…что ему спели. |
spend time – проводить время
waste time – тратить время
There’s nothing like – Нет ничего лучше
I like to spend time watching TV
E.g. Мне нравится проводить время у телевизора.
He couldn’t help admiring.
Он не мог не восхищаться.
после предлогов
on / upon after
instead of
before
without
besides
by
On coming home I was tired
E.g. Прийдя домой, я чувствую себя уставшим.
After finishing school, I’ll be a student.
150 |
151 |
После окончания школы я стану студентом.
Before having breakfast I do my bed.
До завтрака, я стелю постель.
I learned the words by repeating them.
Я учила слова, повторяя их.
He left without closing the door.
Он ушел, не закрыв двери.
Функции герундия
Не ran without stopping. Он бежал, не останавливаясь.
Before going to bed, she locked the door. Прелсде чем лечь спать, она заперла
дверь.
В данной функции герундий переводится существительным с предлогом, деепричастием, придаточным предложением.
Одни и те же глаголы могут употребляться как с инфинитивом, так и с герундием.
В предложении герундий может быть: |
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V to V1 |
V + Ving |
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forget + to V – забыть что-то сделать |
forget + Ving– забыть последние события |
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a. Подлежащим. |
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I’m sorry. I forgot to lock the door. |
We’ll never forget visiting London. |
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Smoking is not allowed here. Курить (Курение) здесьне разрешается. |
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remember + to V – помнить что-то |
remember + Ving – помнить последние |
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b. Определением. |
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сделать |
события |
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There are different ways of obtaining this substance. Существуют различные |
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Remember to read the instruction. |
I don’t remember meeting her before. |
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способы получения этого вещества. |
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mean + to V – намереваться что-то |
mean + Ving – включать, обозначать |
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c. Именной частью сказуемого. |
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сделать |
Working harder means getting more money. |
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His hobby is driving a car. Его хобби - вождение (водить) машину. |
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He means to move the Glasgow. |
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go on + to V – прекратить одно и |
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d. Прямым дополнением. |
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go on + Ving - продолжать |
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Машина |
нуждается в |
ремонте (Машину нужно |
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начать что-то другое |
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The car needs repairing. |
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After finishing her BA, she went on to get |
She went on watching TV. |
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ремонтировать). |
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a master’s degree. |
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В вышеприведённых функциях герундий переводится существительным |
regret + to V - сожалеть |
regret + Ving – иметь другое мнение по |
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или инфинитивом. |
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I regret to tell you that you have failed. |
I regret telling lies. |
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e. Предложным дополнением. |
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would prefer + to V – особое |
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They spoke about their travelling. Они говорили о своём путешествии (том, как |
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предпочтение |
prefer + Ving – в общем |
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I’d prefer to have an early night tonight. |
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они путешествовали). |
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prefer+to V+(rather)than+ V to |
I prefer reading a book to watching TV. |
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В данной функции |
герундий |
переводится |
существительным или |
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I prefer to read a book (rather) than |
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придаточным предложением. |
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watch TV. |
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f. Обстоятельством. |
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try + to V – постараться изо всех сил |
try + Ving – попробовать, |
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Learning rules without examples is of little use. Изучение правил (изучать правила) |
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экспериментировать |
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без примеров приносит мало пользы. |
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She tried hard to cope with her new job. |
Try adding some more sugar to your pasta. |
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I like reading. Я люблю чтение (читать). |
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want + to V – желать |
want + Ving – иметь необходимость в чем-то |
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Think before answering. Подумай прежде чем ответить. |
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I want to find a better job. |
Your flat wants cleaning. |
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By doing that you'll save a lot of time. Делая это, ты сэкономишьмного времени. |
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stop + to V – сделать временную паузу |
stop+ Ving – прекратить |
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I am tired of waiting. Я устал отожидания (устал ждать). |
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He stopped to buy milk on his way home. |
Stop talking to each other, please! |
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be sorry + to V – сожалеть |
be sorry + Ving – извиняться |
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The floor of the room needs painting. Пол этой комнаты нуждается в покраске |
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I’m sorry for misunderstanding/having |
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I’m sorry to hear he has been injured. |
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answer. Все рассмеялись, услышав (когда |
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misunderstood what you said. |
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Everybody laughed on hearing his |
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hate + to V – отрицательно относиться |
hate + Ving – выражать сожаление по |
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к намерению |
поводу |
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Thank you for coming. Спасибо за то, что вы пришли. |
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I hate to interrupt, but I must talk to you. |
I hate making you feel uncomfortable. |
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He is proud of having won in the tournament. Он гордится тем, что победил в |
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be afraid + to V – бояться что-то |
be afraid of + Ving – боятся того, что может |
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турнире. |
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сделать, происходящего |
предположительно произойти |
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She is sorry for being late. Она сожалеет, что опоздала. |
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I’m afraid to drive over this old bridge. |
She is afraid of breaking her leg if she jumps |
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over the fence. |
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152 |
153 |
Task
3. Употребляется до или перед существительным
I saw the boy running = I saw the running boy.
Я видел бегущего мальчика
Put the verbs in brackets into the –ing form or the infinitive: |
НО: |
1)Try ………… (phone) John at the office if he’s not at home.
2)I tried my best ………… (finish), but there just wasn’t enough time.
3)“Why is the baby crying?” “I think he wants ………… (feed).
4)Sharow wants ………… (talk) to you.
5)Jane was afraid ………… (show) her school report to her parents.
6)I’m afraid of ………… (lose) my way n the forest.
7)I’d prefer ………… (pretend) I didn’t hear what you just said.
8)I prefer ………… (borrow) boks from the library to ………… (buy) them.
2.10.3Причастие. The Participle
to see
to hear только употребляется Ving to arrive
to come to enter
/ перевод возможен как having V3/
Hearing music, I was glad. Услышав музыку, я обрадовался.
Coming to school, I was ready. Придя в школу, я был готов.
Функции причастия I
Впредложении причастие I (Participle I) может быть:
a. Определением. В этой функции употребляется только Participle I, которое соответствует русскому причастию настоящего времени в той же функции.
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Причастие |
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A smiling girl. Улыбающаяся девочка. |
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The men building our house with me are my friends. |
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Люди, строящие наш домвместе со мной, - мои друзья. |
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Participle І |
Participle ІІ |
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b. Обстоятельством. В этой функции Participle I Active чаще всего стоит в |
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V1ing |
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V3 |
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начале предложения и переводится на русский язык деепричастием |
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несовершенного вида. |
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Active |
Passive |
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Translating the article he consulted the dictionary. |
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Ving |
being V3 |
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Переводя статью, он пользовался словарём. |
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Present |
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(ущ, ющ, ащ, ящ) |
being read |
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Перед таким причастием в функции обстоятельства часто стоят союзы |
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reading (читающий, читая) |
читаемый, т.е. который |
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when или while. Такие словосочетания переводятся либо деепричастным |
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читают |
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having V3 |
having been V3 |
оборотом (или деепричастием) с опущением союза, либо придаточным |
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Perfect |
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having read |
having been read |
предложением, которое начинается с союзов "когда", "в то время как". |
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прочитав |
будучи прочитанным |
While translating the article the student consulted the dictionary. |
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V3 |
Переводя статью, студент пользовался словарём. / Когда студент |
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Past |
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read |
переводил статью, он пользовался словарём. |
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прочитанный |
Participle I Passive переводится на русский язык обстоятельственным |
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придаточным предложением. |
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Употребляется:
1.В начале предложения если обозначает одновременность действия. Ving
Reading the book she was talking.
Читая книг, она болтала.
2.Если обозначает совершенность, предшествование действия
having V3
Having read the book, she talked.
Прочитав книгу, она болтала.
Что делая?
Ving
Что сделав?
having V3
Being built of wood the bridge could not carry heavy loads.
Так как мост был построен из дерева, он не мог выдержать больших
нагрузок.
Participle I Perfect Active переводится деепричастием совершенного вида.
Having built a house he began building a greenhouse.
Построив дом, он начал строить парник.
Participle I Passive в функции обстоятельства (времени, причины) переводится обстоятельственным придаточным предложением. При этом в
154 |
155 |
качестве подлежащего русского придаточного предложения употребляется подлежащее английского предложения.
Having been built of concrete, the house was cold in winter.
Так как дом был построен из бетона, зимой в нём было холодно.
c. Частью сказуемого. Participle I Active может быть частью сказуемого.
They are playing chess. Они играютв шахматы.
He didn't want to wash the family car but his father made him … it. a) doing b) have done c) did d) do
Sara's mother made her … her room before going out to the concert. a) to tidy b)tidying c) have tidied d) tidy
You’d better … Ann not to come over if you are not feeling well. a) to tell b) have told c) tell d) told
Функции причастия II
Having … (open) the window the boy saw people … (to run) to his house.
В предложении причастие II может быть:
a. Определением. |
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2.11 |
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Сложное дополнение. |
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Lost time is never found again. |
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Потерянноевремя никогда невернёшь (дословно - не найти). |
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The Complex Object. |
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A written letter lay on the table. Написанное письмо лежало на столе. |
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They are reconstructing the house built in the 18th century. |
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Они реставрируютздание, построенноев 18 веке. |
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The Active Voice |
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b. Обстоятельством. Перед причастием II в функции обстоятельства могут |
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стоять союзы if, unless, when. В таком случае английское причастие |
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me |
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переводится |
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S + V1 |
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him |
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to V1 |
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обстоятельственным придаточным предложением, в котором подлежащее то |
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her |
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же, что и в главном предложении. |
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you |
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If built of the local stone, the road will serve for years. |
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us |
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them |
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Если построить дорогу (Если дорога построена) из местного камня, она |
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будет служить долгие годы. |
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Bob |
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For example: |
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I want you to read the book. |
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Task |
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Я хочу, чтобы ты прочитал эту книгу. |
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She likes the children. |
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Repeat “The non-finite forms of the Verb”: |
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Она любит, когда дети смеются. |
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But : |
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me |
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…in a foreign country is sometimes difficult |
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hear (слышать) |
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him |
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V1 |
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а) I live |
b) Living |
c) Live |
d) Lives |
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see (видеть) |
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her |
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to |
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S + feel (чувствовать) |
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you |
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Even though he objected to violence he was made … in the army. |
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Ving (одновременность |
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make (заставлять) |
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a) serving |
b) serve |
с) to serve |
d) to be served |
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………………… |
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them |
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действия) |
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I'd better … slowly in this icy weather. |
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Bob |
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a) drive |
b)have driven |
c) drove |
d) to drive |
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I don't think Tom enjoyed … me study for the test. |
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a) helping |
b) to help |
c) helped |
d) helps |
My mother … do my homework or I can't go out. |
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a) makes me |
b) helps me |
c) gets me |
d) lets me |
For example:
I heard him opening the door.
Яслышал, как он открывает дверь.
I heard him open the door.
Яслышал, как он открыл дверь.
156 |
157 |
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The Passive Voice |
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S + V1 the O + V3 |
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2.12 |
Сложное подлежащее. |
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object / дополнение / |
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The Complex Subject. |
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O – |
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For example: |
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said – говорят |
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Active |
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I want the work done. |
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seen – видят |
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Present (настоящее) |
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Я хочу, чтобы эту работу сделали. |
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heard – слышат |
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V1 |
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I want my watch repaired. |
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supposed to – предполагают |
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Continuous |
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Я хочу починить свои часы (чтобы кто-то их починил) . |
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believed to – полагают |
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be V3 |
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expected to – ожидают |
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Perfect (прошедшее) |
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are |
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S + |
reported to – сообщают |
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was |
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have V3 |
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considered to – считают |
to |
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were |
Perfect Continuous |
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thought to – думают |
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will be |
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have been Ving |
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Repeat “The Complex Object”: |
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found to – находят |
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announced to – объявляют |
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“Why do you look so sad?” |
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known to – известно |
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Passive |
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“My sister wanted … to her wedding, but I couldn’t.” |
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likely to – похоже |
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a) I go |
b) me to go |
c) me going |
d) that I go |
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sure to – обязательно |
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Present (настоящее) |
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is |
seem – казаться |
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I saw him … the window and run away. |
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be V3 |
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are |
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appear |
– являться |
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a) return |
b) broke |
c) to break |
d) break |
S + |
was |
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Perfect (прошедшее) |
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turn out – оказаться |
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0 |
were |
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have been V3 |
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He wants … his socks. |
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happen |
– случиться |
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will |
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a) that I wash |
b) me to wash |
c) to wash |
d) my wash |
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He wants his sockes … |
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a) washed |
b) be washed |
c) to wash |
c) are washed |
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The girl wished her skirt … (to shorten). |
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Task |
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Lady wants her hair … (to cut). |
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Repeat «Тhe Complex Subject»: |
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They … seemed to receive an invitation. |
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a) are |
b) – |
c) were |
d) will |
The plane was announced to … arrive on time
She is supposed to have been living in Paris for 2 years. a) Она предположительно жила в Париже с 2 лет. b) Предполагают, что она живет в Париже 2 года.
c) Предполагают, что она жила в Париже в течении2 лет.
2.13 Словообразрoвание. Word-formation.
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