Учебный год 2023-2024 / Предприма от Айгуль / Registratsia

VII Московская модель ООН

Российского государственного гуманитарного университета

Заявка на участие

ВНИМАНИЕ! Все поля обязательны для заполнения.

Пожалуйста, отошлите заполненную заявку на адрес unmodel.org@gmail.com, обязательно указав в теме письма «РЕГИСТРАЦИЯ».

1. Фамилия, имя, отчество:

     Хузина Айгуль Фанисовна

2. Учебное заведение и факультет (полностью); курc обучения:

     МГУ им. М.В. Ломоносова, юридический факультет; 4 курс

(Напишите десять стран в порядке убывания приоритетности):

1) Япония 

2) Республика Корея  

3) Индия

4) Чешская

5)  Польша   

6)  Италия  

7)  Испания      

8) Казахстан

9) Швеция    

10) Эстония

5. Пожалуйста, опишите Ваш опыт участия в подобных конференциях:      не участвовала

6. Специализируетесь ли вы на какой-либо стране? Если да, укажите, на какой:

     нет

8. E-mail:

a.f.khuzina@gmail.com

9. Дата заполнения заявки:  

  06/11/2013

10. Пожалуйста, скопируйте в поле ниже Ваше эссе по теме повестки дня выбранного органа

(текст эссе может выходить за пределы предусмотренного поля).

LGBT is an initialism that collectively refers to "lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender" people.

I suppose that this problem is urgent nowadays. I I tried to analyze official’s speeches, laws, society’s attitude to LGBT in different countries.

LGBT-related laws vary greatly by country or territory—everything from legal recognition of same-sex marriage to the death penalty as punishment for same-sex sexual identity.

There are two basic approaches to this issue: European and Asian. The main idea of European approach is that "LGBT rights are human rights", and of the Asian approach "Homosexuality is outlaw"

The survey that was conducted in 2007 shows that homosexuality is accepted by the majority of population in Europe and the USA. But the situation is opposite in Asia.

Europe and USA

Clinton’s speech

The basic principles of this approach were outlined by Hillary Clinton in her speech at the United Nations in Geneva in 2011.

Hillary Clinton told an audience of diplomats in Geneva: "Gay rights are human rights".

She emphasized: "Being gay is not a western invention, it is a human reality"

Mrs Clinton added that LGBT rights protection is one of the main directions of U.S. foreign policy.

Ban Ki-moon

This position was supported by Secretary-General of the United Nations Ban Ki-moon.

In his speech, Ban Ki-moon describes the violence and discrimination against homosexuals people as a "great tragedy".

"It is our duty, under the Universal Declaration of Human Rights … to protect the rights of everyone, everywhere.

Any attack on LGBT is an attack on the universal values of the United Nations.

He calls upon to Tackle the violence… ban discrimination… and educate the public.

In 2011, the United Nations passed its first resolution recognizing LGBT rights, and followed up with a report documenting violations of the rights of LGBT people, including hate crime, criminalization of homosexuality, and discrimination.

Why does this issue attract so much attention?

We see a pattern of violence and discrimination directed at people just because they are gay or lesbian. There is widespread discrimination at jobs, schools and hospitals. And appalling violent attacks. People have been imprisoned, tortured, even killed.

Obama’s appeal

As a result of discrimination, in 2010 several (6 or 7) young people from the USA have taken their own lives after being bullied for being gay by their peers.

After this events BO issued an appeal there he called their deaths shocking and heartbreaking tragedies. He called upon to protect our young people and to set an example of respect and kindness, regardless of any differences.

«Their deaths are shocking and heartbreaking tragedies. ... No one should ever feel so alone or desperate that they feel they have nowhere to turn. We each share a responsibility to protect our young people. And we also have an obligation to set an example of respect and kindness, regardless of any differences».

The US has publicly declared it will fight discrimination against gays and lesbians in the country's territory and abroad by using foreign aid and diplomacy to encourage reform.

In modern times only nine countries have no official discrimination. They are Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Iceland, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, South Africa, and Spain. This full non-discrimination includes the rights like:

• recognition of same-sex relationships, marriage

• LGBT adoption,

• gays are allowed to serve openly in military

• anti-discrimination laws,

• crime laws regarding violence against LGBT people

Legal recognition of same-sex relationships also varies greatly.

In 2001, the Netherlands became the first country to recognize same-sex marriage,

the U.S. states of Massachusetts (2004), California (2008 – later banned by Proposition 8), Connecticut (2008), Iowa (2009), Vermont (2009), Maine (2009 – later repealed by Question 1), the District of Columbia (2009), New York (2010), and Washington (2012);

Argentina (2010).

In 2015 the UK will also make same-sex marriage legal.

Portugal has also marriage rights for same-sex couples but this right does not include same-sex adoption.

Legal privileges of different-sex relationships may be extended to same-sex couples:

• parenting, adoption and access to reproductive technologies;

• family leave;

• medical rights, including hospital visitation;

• inheritance when a partner dies without leaving a will;

• social security and tax benefits.

Other legal recognition of same sex relationships (offering fewer benefits than marriage) include civil unions and domestic partnerships. Сivil unions exist in France, Germany, UK.

Nations may have anti-discrimination laws to protect against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in the workplace, housing, health services and education.

Asia and Africa

Homosexuality is known to be illegal in about 70 out of the 193 countries of the world. Some countries have special laws preventing certain public expressions of homosexuality.

Homosexuality is regarded as criminal and forbidden in most Islamic countries.

Same-sex intercourse officially carries the death penalty in Saudi Arabia, Iran, Mauritania, Nigeria, Sudan and Yemen.

In other nations, such as Bahrain, Qatar, Algeria and the Maldives, homosexuality is punished with jail time, fines, or corporal punishment.

Laws prohibiting homosexuality were also passed in China.

Africa

LGBT rights in Africa are limited in comparison to other areas of the world, homosexuality is outlawed in 38 African countries.

Remarkable that the constitution of South Africa guarantees gay and lesbian rights, and legal same-sex marriage.

UK

European countries try to change the situation in Africa.

David Cameron has threatened to withhold UK aid from governments that do not recognize gay rights.

"We are saying that is one of the things that determines our aid policy, and there have been particularly bad examples where we have taken action."

David Cameron's suggestion was condemned by several African countries, in particular by Ghana.

Ghana's values are different from those in the UK.

He will never support any attempt to legalize homosexuality.

Russia

Russia has no criminal law on federal level directed at LGBT people, but since homosexual acts were decriminalized in 1993, there are no laws protecting against discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity.

According to survey public opinion about LGBT people in Russia tends to be negative: 20%/64%(

Curent situation of LGBT rights in Russia:

Gay people (at least officially) can serve in the military since 2003.

Same-sex marriages are not allowed. Public support for gay marriages is at 14%

Single persons can adopt children, regardless of sexual orientation, but only married couples can adopt children together, as a couple.

As to Russian officials, we can mention Vladimir Putin’s answer to a reporter's question about LGBT people.

At a press conference in 2007 he said: "My attitude toward gay parades and sexual minorities is simple. It is connected with the fact that the main problem of the country - a demographic. But I respect and will respect in future the human freedom in all its aspects."

In November 2011 local parliament of Saint Petersburg adopted a law prohibited "propaganda of homosexuality among minors" and established fines for that administrative offense.

It is declared that the aim of this law is to "protect the children from destructive influence".

The bill has already caused international outrage. Many nongovernmental organizations have spoken out against it. The US State Department, the UK Foreign Office, the Australian Government, and the European Parliament have also expressed profound concern.

"This bill is a blatant attack on freedom of expression and a thinly disguised attempt to silence Russia’s LGBT community."

Hugh Williamson, Europe and Central Asia

"Russia has clear human rights duties and this bill flies in the face of Russia’s obligations to protect its LGBT citizens,” Williamson said

“It also sets a dangerous precedent for freedom of expression more generally.”

"... We are trying to protect our society from propaganda of homosexuality, and it sometimes causes very weird reaction from the European Union. These efforts, I believe, lie beyond the scope of the universally recognized values ​​..." - Is a dramatic statement by Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov was made in a radio interview

"... The majority of our population are Orthodox Christians, that's why attempts to recognize LGBT rights are doomed to failure."- Lavrov

“No practice or tradition trumps the human rights that belong to all of us. And this holds true for inflicting violence on LGBT people, criminalising their status or behavior, expelling them from their families and communities, or tacitly or explicitly accepting their killing.”

• Hillary Rodham Clinton, 6 December 2011

To be short, Mrs Clinton said that a country's cultural or religious traditions was no excuse for discrimination.

What about me, I do really believe that discrimination of the LGBT community is one of the major problems of our century. I'm quite sure that in future discrimination will be eliminated, as it had already happened before to the discrimination of women and race discrimination; it's just a matter of time. If you look at this problem more broadly, I think, u will agree, that tolerance is an indispensable condition of the progress of modern multinational and multicultural society which in the majority of cases consists of minorities.