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Lesson 1. Text A. What is civilization?.................................................................6

Text B. Abu Dhabi discovery………………………………………..12

Lesson 2. Text A. Ancient Western Asia. Before Civilization………………….13

Text B. Who were the Hurrians?.........................................................19

Lesson 3. Text A. Mesopotamian civilization…………………………………..21

Text B. ………………………………………………………………24

Lesson 4. Text A. Ancient Sumer………………………………………………25

Text B. Digging in the land of Magan……………………………….30

Lesson 5. Text A. The Code of Hammurabi…………………………………….32

Text B. Laws of Babylon…………………………………………….37

Lesson 6. Text A. Egyptian civilization…………………………………………39

Text B. Egyptian religion…………………………………………….43

Lesson 7. Text A. The Akkadian kingdom……………………………………...45

Text B. Sargon of Akkad…………………………………………….49

Lesson 8. Text A. Dark Ages and Greek Renaissance…………………………..51

Text B. The Myceneans………………………………………………56

Lesson 9. Text A. The Athenian origins of Direct Democracy…………………59

Text B. Polis (city-state)……………………………………………..64

Lesson 10. Text A. From Polis to Cosmopolis: Alexander the Great and the Hellenistic World, 323-30 B.C…………………………………….66

Text B. Stoicism…………………………………………………….71

Lesson 11. Text A. Early Roman Civilization, 753-509 BC……………………73

Text B. The Roman Empire………………………………………..78

Lesson 12. Text A. Augustus Ceasar and the Pax Romana…………………….79

Text B. Gladiators………………………………………………….85

Lesson 13. Text A. The Decline and Fall of Rome……………………………..86

Text B……………………………………………………………….92

Texts for additional reading…………………………………………………….94

Lesson 1

Text A

What is Civilization?

Answer the following questions:

What ancient civilizations do you know?

How do the scientists learn about things of the ancient past?

What society can we call a civilization?

Study the pronunciation of the following proper names:

Egypt [′i:dʒipt]

Greek [gri:k]

Mesopotamia [¸mesəpə′teimiə]

Roman [′rəumən]

Complete the table with the names of ancient civilizations and their people:

Country	People
Egypt
	Greek
Mesopotamia
	Roman

Guess the meaning of the following words:

artifact (Am., Brit. artefact), n [′a:tifækt]

barbarism, n [′babəriz(ə)m]

bronze, n [brɔnz]

hierarchy, n [′haiəra:ki]

Neolithic, adj [‚niə′liθik]

prehistory, n [‚pri:′hist(ə)ri]

urban, adj [′ə:b(ə)n]

Study the following words and expressions:

Barbarian, n [ba:′be(ə)riən] - варвар

civilization, n [‚siv(ə)lai′zei∫(ə)n] - цивилизация

civilize, v [′siv(ə)laiz] - цивилизовать

copper, n [′kวpə] - медь

craftsman, n [′kra:ftsmən] - ремесленник

draft, adj [dra:ft] – тягловый, draft animals – тягловый скот

endeavo(u)r, n [in′devə], [en′devə] – попытка, предприятие

enlighten, v [in′laitən], [en′laitən]– просвещать, обучать

famine, n [′fæmin] – голод

Hebrew, n, adj [′hi:bru:] – еврей, иудей; еврейский

irrigation ditch [‚iri′gei∫(ə)n] [dit∫] – оросительный канал

law-abiding, adj [′lว:ə‚baidiŋ] – законопослушный

plague, n [pleig] – мор, эпидемия; чума

plow (am. Plough), n [plau] - плуг

scarce, adj [skεəs] – недостаточный, скудный

smelt, v [smelt] – плавить, выплавлять, to smelt metal – плавить металл

solar, adj [′səulə] – солнечный, solar calendar – солнечный календарь

stratification, n [‚strætifi′kei∫(ə)n] – стратификация, расслоение

surplus, n [′sə:pləs] – избыток, излишек, остаток

wheeled cart [′wi:ld ′ka:t] – колесная повозка