in it? In this case the computer … (может — can) also be of great help. You simply … (посылаете — to send) the text to a grammar analysis program, and the computer … (укажет — to point) out … (большинство — many) of your errors and even … (порекомендует — to recommend) you how to correct them. Such help is especially useful when necessary to generate texts in a foreign language.

Text printing from a computer is also a very easy task. There … (должен быть — should) a printer … (соединенный — to connect) to your computer, and you … (должен — to have) to specify the format of the paper sheet and other required parameters of the document … (который нужно напечатать

— to print). If your computer … (оборудован — to equip) with a powerful word processing program, high quality printer, large computer screen and scanner for graphics and image processing, you can call it a desktop publishing system. If you manage to master its operation, you … (сможете — to be able) to acquire popular secretary and publisher’s specialties.

You … (не нравится — to like) the profession of a secretary? You would like to have a more serious job? Computer … (предложит — to offer) you training programs in accounting, foreign languages and many other fields; it … (поможет — to help) you use Internet training services.

1.3. Многофункциональность слов

1.3.1. Функции глагола to be

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Упражнение 1. Укажите функцию глагола to be в данных предложениях: смысловой глагол, вспомогательный глагол, модальный глагол.

1.What are you doing?

2.She was sixteen last year.

3.Everything is in constant motion.

4.The atom is to serve mankind.

5.He was asked to read this paper at the conference.

6.The students are to be at the laboratory at 6 o’clock.

7.Laughter is the best medicine.

8.The delegation is to come on Monday.

9.A new film is shown in our cinema.

Упражнение 2. Переведите текст. Укажите следующие значения гла-

гола to be:

1— связка в составном сказуемом со значением быть, являться,

состоять, заключаться;

2— вспомогательный глагол для образования страдательного залога;

3— вспомогательный глагол для образования глагольной формы Progressive;

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4— в усилительной конструкции со значением именно;

5— в обороте there to be;

6— модальный глагол.

Physics is the science studying various phenomena in nature. Its object is to determine exact relations between physical phenomena. Physics is divided very naturally into two great branches, experimental and theoretical. The task of the former is to make observations and carry out experiments. On the basis of the experimental facts theoretical physics is to formulate laws and predict the behaviour of natural phenomena. Every law is based on experiments. It was the study of natural phenomena that made it possible to formulate various laws. There are still a lot of problems to be solved. Scientists all over the world are doing their best to find answers to numerous unsolved problems.

1.3.2. Функции глагола to have

Упражнение 3. Укажите в данных предложениях функцию глагола to have: смысловой глагол, вспомогательный глагол, модальный глагол.

1. We’ll have a party tomorrow.

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2.We’ll have to prepare for the party.

3.She has done a lot of work today.

4.We have invited our friends.

5.They have never met before.

6.Mr. Smith stayed at his office because he had to write his report.

7.She has to do a lot of work today.

8.She has a lot of work today.

9.They have a new computer.

Упражнение 4. Переведите текст. Укажите следующие значения гла-

гола to have:

1 — смысловой глагол со значением иметь, обладать; 2 — вспомогательный глагол для образования действительного залога;

3 — вспомогательный глагол для образования страдательного залога;

4 — модальный глагол.

Radioactivity is invisible and inaudible, and we cannot feel it until we have received too much of it and become ill. But in our nuclear age we have a vital tool, the Geiger counter, which is used for detecting radioactivity. It was invented by Hans Geiger, a German physicist, and has the ability to register cosmic rays as well as gamma-rays. Geiger counters have been made for all kinds of purposes — light ones for uranium prospecting, built-in types for atomic power stations and research establishments; counters with warning signals for factory workers who have to handle radioactive matter and whose hands and clothes have to be checked and so on.

1.3.3. Функции глагола to do

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Упражнение 5. Вставьте глагол to do в соответствующей форме, определите его функцию.

1.We always …the homework.

2.What are you …?

3.What methods … you use?

4.I … like mathematics but my brother … like it at all.

5.… you go to the university yesterday? — No, I … .

6.A wise man seldom changes his mind, a fool never … .

7.You … apply mathematical methods, … you?

8.I hate physics, I … like it at all but Nick … .

9.Why didn’t you go to the university yesterday? — But I … go there!

10.I … the test now. And you?

1.3.4.Функции и перевод слова one (ones)

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Упражнение 6. Укажите функции слова one(s) в данных предложениях: числительное, формальное подлежащее, формальное дополнение, словозаместитель.

1.One cannot read such technical papers without a dictionary.

2.He knew that no one could help him.

3.He is one of the best students in our group.

4.It allows one to estimate the parameter.

5.One is never late to learn.

6.These boxes are very small. We want to get bigger ones.

7.The idea of automation is one of the most important ideas for modern industry.

8.The right hand is usually stronger than the left one.

1.3.5.Функции и перевод слова that (those)

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Упражнение 7. Употребите вместо выделенных слов соответствующие им слова-заместители (one, ones, that, those).

1.The day on Mars is a little longer than the day on the Earth.

2.These changes are more radical than the changes occurring at low temperatures.

3.These methods are different from the methods in current use.

4.Most countries use units of the metric system and not the units of the imperial system.

5.There are many technical journals in our study; the most interesting journals are on that shelf.

6.Our data are the same as the data available in literature.

7.You should use a new method, not the old method.

8.This effect is different from the effect resulting from ultraviolet radiation.

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