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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue № 3 (18), 2017 ISSN 2587-8093

Computer terminal

Computer virus

Cell phone

EmailЭЭ

ComputerКККgames

Ringtone

Screen

So, let us turn to the consideration of the nominations of the cellular communication devices of a modern city.

1.Nominations of cellular communication devices in the digital space of the English-speaking city

English fiction texts, correlated with the phenomenon "City", testify to the popularity of the cellular (mobile) phone among urban residents. This is confirmed, on the one hand, by the high frequency of the situations of its use, described in the literary texts (for example, the character is constantly wearing it on the belt). Example:

Dagmar reluctantly closed t h e p h o n e and returned it to her belt [1*, p. 49].

On the other hand, the names of the cellular phone, found on the pages of the works researched, are distinguished by their variability. In total, five variants of the nominations of this device were revealed (cell phone, phone, cell, handset, handheld). Example:

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue № 3 (18), 2017 ISSN 2587-8093

She thought about calling for help on her c e l l but had no idea what number to call, and rather doubted she’d ever reach anyone who could help her [1*, p. 32].

She could sense Charlie’s smile on the other end of t h e p h o n e [1*, p. 20].

One of the varieties of the cellular phone names is such a nomination as satellite phone. This name designates a mobile phone that transmits information directly through a special communication satellite [1 **, p. 1]. Example:

She had her s a t e l l i t e p h o n e on her belt… [1*, p. 127].

The text also contains the nomination cell phone burner. The device is intended for the users who want to keep confidentiality [2 **, p. 1]. Example:

She stopped at a filling station and hurled all the flowers into a rubbish can along with the cloned remote and t h e c e l l p h o n e b u r n e r , both rubbed clean of fingerprints

[1*, p. 447].

Let us consider a cognitive model of the construct “Mobile phone”, which reflects different types of a cellular phone.

Diagram 1. Cognitive model of the concept “Mobile phone” in modern English fiction discourse

Construct “Mobile phone” and its verbal representatives

(Cell phone, phone, cell, handset, handheld)

As the diagram shows, this model reflects the structure of the concept “Mobile phone”, which includes two frames: the frame “Satellite phone” and the frame “Cell phone burner”. The structure of the concept reveals the genus and species nature of the relationship between the cellular phone and its variants.

The cognitive model reflects the movement toward the further functional specialization of communicative and technological devices described in the source novels. If the concept “Mobile phone” includes the basic features of the machine, the frames carry, beside the basic ones, some of its distinctive features. The frame “Satellite phone” actualizes the ability to communicate over a cellular mobile phone with the help of a satellite, and the frame “Cell phone burner” implies the short period of the device’s life, that creates an additional advantage in the form of the impossibility to identify the user.Thus, in English fiction discourse a cellular mobile

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue № 3 (18), 2017 ISSN 2587-8093

phone correlates with such anthropologically-oriented spheres as the exploration of space (satellite) and the privacy guard.

In the English fiction texts cellular (mobile) phone is verbalized not only by its names but also by the names of its parts. Most actively the screen of the phone is mentioned as an element of the direct reflection of information. Example:

Dagmar snatched at her phone. The number flashing in t h e d i s p l a y had a country code she didn’t recognize [1*, p. 51].

According to the literary sources, while talking on the cellular phone, users turn on a speakerphone which is nominated by the lexemes speakerphone, speaker. Example:

Austin listened vaguely to t h e s p e a k e r p h o n e and thought about trout fishing. [1*, p. 35].

The nominations of the cellular phone parts also incorporate phone's memory and USB connector which, according to the studied texts, is used for connecting a cellular phone to a computer or a computer terminal. Example:

Dagmar located his number in her p h o n e ’ s m e m o r y and shifted it into the d i r e c - t o r y under the name Charlie’s Friend [1*, p. 54].

She turned off the phone, with any luck killing the virus, and marched to the counter. She banged the counter with the metal U S B c o n n e c t o r [1*, p. 29].

The last example shows that such a nomination as directory can also be treated as one of the names of the phone parts since it is an element of the phone's memory.

Cellular phone parts should also include phone number, number. Example:

I’ll give them your coordinates and p h o n e n u m b e r and email, and we’ll see what they can arrange [1*, p. 49].

The literal works researched also mention various names of the buttons of the cellular phone (button (s), stop button, answer button, the button End, Send). With the help of these buttons, located on the keypad, users operate their cellular phones. Example:

… Dagmar thumbed a b u t t o n , and her coordinates flashed onto the phone’s s c r e e n

[1*, p. 49].

Her handheld could do anything her computer could but she preferred a standard keyboard to having to thumb long messages on the phone’s little k e y p a d …. [1*, p. 50].

Let us turn to the analysis of a cognitive model of the consruct “Mobile phone button(s)”, which represents different types of cellular phone buttons.

Diagram 2. Cognitive model of the concept “Mobile phone button(s)”, in modern English fiction discourse.

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue № 3 (18), 2017 ISSN 2587-8093

Consruct“Mobile phone button(s)”

As it is shown in the diagram, the structure of the concept “Mobile phone button(s)” includes four frames. This structure reflects the genus and species nature of the relationship between the buttons of the phone in a general sense and the buttons that initiate the specific actions.

The cognitive model of the concept in question outlines the movement towards the differentiation of the buttons by functions. If the concept “Mobile phone button(s)” carries the idea of the general operation of the device, the frames specify the nature of the action that will be initiated as a result of pressing the button. Example:

She texted to the number GIAWOL had sent her, and pressed S e n d [1*, p. 445].

It should be noted that the cognitive model of the concept “Mobile phone button (s)” makes it possible to trace the correlation of such parts of the cellular phone as button (s) with the sphere of man’s oral and written communication.

In the English literary works, a cellular phone is objectified by not only the names of its parts but also by the names of its products, by which the nominations of the objects and realities that come as a result of the functioning of the device are understood in this article.

The most widely such names as phone calls, calls are available. Example:

Less often the nominations message (s), text message are mentioned. Example:

A few minutes later the phone chimed to let her know that someone had left a m e s s a g e

[1*, p. 369].

The names of the cellular phone products also include the following nominations: video(s) and cell phone records. Example:

The reporter went to talk about an “unconfirmed number of deaths,” and the report was accompanied by v i d e o , mostly from cell phones, that had captured bits of the action

[1*, p. 42].

“We’ll get Litvinov’s c e l l p h o n e r e c o r d s , so that might help us as well” [1*, p. 359].

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue № 3 (18), 2017 ISSN 2587-8093

And the last thing that should be attributed to the category of the analyzed nominations is the ringtone of a cellular phone. Example:

“No,” BJ said, “You can’t download all of “Fly Like an Eagle” as a r i n g t o n e ”. [1*, p. 56].

As the analyzed texts show, a modern cellular (mobile) phone is a complex device that consists of not only its main parts, and performs not only its own basic functions, but also includes certain options, in particular, some parts which are peripheral from the points of view of their importance and some additional functions that have their own definite names in modern digital discourse.

The following parts of the cellular phone and, accordingly, their nominations were regarded as p e r i p h e r a l :

1.camera;

2.camcorder;

3.packet switching for access to the Internet;

4.wireless modem for PC.

The nominations of the additional functions included:

1.satellite uplink;

2.e-mail;

3.SMS for text messaging;

4.MMS for sending and receiving photos and video;

5.personal organizer;

6.Bluetooth;

7.GPS feature.

In the context of this article the names of the cellular phone a d d i t i o n a l f u n c t i o n s also include voice mail – electronic system for the registration, preservation and redirection of telephone voice messages [7, p. 1]. Example:

She pressed the End button to divert Siyed to v o i c e m a i l [1*, p. 369].

This category of nominations also incorporates the function of speed dial and alarm function. Example:

She got out her handheld and hit t h e s p e e d d i a l [1*, p. 420].

She retreated to her motel room for a shower and an hour’s jangled sleep, and t h e a l a r m f u n c t i o n in her phone woke her promptly at seven [1*, p. 434].

Further, the example which can be described as a specific ode to a modern cellular (mobile) phone is given. It represents the device as the apotheosis of a modern man’s technical armament. Example:

Dagmar took out her handheld. It was a marvelous piece of technology, custom-built by a firm in Burbank to her needs and specifications. It embraced most technological stand-

e m a i l , p a c k e t s w i t c h i n g f o r a c c e s s t o t h e I n t e r n e t , a n d M M S f o r

ing, played and downloaded music, and supported B l u e t o o t h . It could be used as a

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue № 3 (18), 2017 ISSN 2587-8093

w i r e l e s s m o d e m f o r h e r P C , had a G P S f e a t u r e , and would scan both text and Semacodes. Dagmar loved it so much she was tempted to give it a name but never had [1*, p. 9].

In this example, special attention is drawn to the artificially created dissonance between the detailed technical characteristics of the device and the use of the emotionally saturated epithet marvelous with it. This evaluative adjective expresses the full range of tender feelings experienced by the heroine of the novel towards her phone.

In one of our previous articles [8, p. 37], devoted to the phenomenon "City", which was studied within the framework of the technical paradigm, the fact of a modern man’s special, reverent attitude to technology was mentioned. There is a tendency to treat technology as something more significant than just a tool that extends human capabilities. It's a symbol of the status, the object of personification that evokes love and admiration. A technical device is called by name. People have such feelings as tenderness and affection towards it.

It should be noted that the example presents a detailed description of a cellular phone parts, options and functions. This technique is intended to emphasize a high level development of modern technologies, which make it possible to create such a multicomponent and multifunctional device.

A certain degree stand-alone position the phenomenon “Computer virus” occupies. (It is well-known that this name stands for the malicious software, interfering with the computer operation [9, p. 1]. In the studied contexts the computer virus is mentioned only in the connection with the cellular phone, which is due to the fact that a modern cellular phone is actually a minicomputer.

The following example describes the situation when the computer v i r u s gets into the cellular phone in the process of downloading the information. Example:

She took out her cell phone, thumbed the catch that revealed the USB connector, and plugged the phone into her terminal. She began her first download. There was a few seconds’ pause, and then the phone screen began blinking red warnings at her, and an urgent pip-pip-pip began to sound. She looked at the screen for a startled instant, then yanked the phone from the connector. She reversed the screen to read it and discovered that the download store had just tried to load v i r u s into her handset [1*, p. 29].

The given context shows the most clearly that the analyzed discourse is nothing but a metalanguage, that is, the language of the special terminology used to describe such field of knowledge as information technology. This metalanguage includes the names of different electronic devices and gadgets (cell phone, handset, terminal, USB connector), the names of the processes taking place during their operation (download), special terminological verbs (load), etc.

In addition, it should be noted that in order of nomination the metalanguage, used in such a relatively young field of knowledge as information technology, resort actively to the borrowings from the terminological systems of the other sciences, e.g. medicine. Thus, the term virus which appeared due to the metaphorical transfer is based on the analogy with the pathogenic agent, penetrating imperceptibly into the human body and causing its dysfunction (disease). This comparison is not surprising, taking into consideration the fact, that the analogy of the computer with the human brain constituted the basis of the theoretical approach to the study of this machine.

"It is customary to distinguish two main types of associations that give rise to terms – based on the similarity of appearance and based on the similarity of functions" [10, p. 91].

Let us turn to the quantitative analysis of the names of the cellular phone devices that are present in the English fiction discourse.

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue № 3 (18), 2017 ISSN 2587-8093

Table 1. The quantitative ratio of the names of the cellular phone devices, their parts, products and options, revealed during the analysis of the English fiction texts, .correlating with the phenomenon “City”

The quantitative analysis of the names of the cellular communication devices made it possible to come to the conclusion that this type of the modern citizen’s technical armament is represented widely on the pages of the literary works (206 units). It should be noted that it is

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue № 3 (18), 2017 ISSN 2587-8093

the cellular (mobile) phone that is mentioned most frequently (94 names), and it is also such part of this device as screen (phone screen, handheld display) (23 units). The name of such cellular phone product as telephone calls (phone calls, calls) is often present either (24 units). The total quantitative score is achieved by the variety of the names of the cellular phone parts, products and options, represented in the novels.

Let us focus on the m e t a p h o r i c a l means of the representation of the cellular communication devices, their products and options.

2. Metaphors as means of lexical objectification

of modern city’s information and communication realities

Metaphor plays an important role in learning the world. According to N. D. Arutunova: "...a metaphor not only forms the idea of the object, it also determines the way and style of thinking about it" [11, p. 378]. Thus, the modeling role of the trop revealed itself by the birth of the "computer metaphor", according to which, the brain is viewed as a computer, while the mind is considered in the form of computer programs [Quoted: Podkolzina, 1992].

As V. A. Maslova puts forward: "Man does not so much express his thoughts with the help of metaphors, but he thinks with metaphors ..." [12, p. 378].

In English fiction discourse, correlated with the concept "City", metaphors act as the means of the objectification of the electronic cellular communication devices, reflected in the studied literary works.

The source-spheres of these metaphors are:

1)the intellectual sphere (phone's memory);

2)the sphere of physiology (blink red warnings (about the phone screen));

3)the sphere of medicine (virus), and others.

It is obvious that these metaphors can be attributed to the type of anthropomorphic metaphors. Let us regard the analyzed figures in a more detailed manner.

In English fiction discourse, correlated with the concept "City", the memory of the cellular phone is verbalized by analogy with such a category of man’s intellectual activity as memory

(phone's memory). This metaphor, in our opinion, is a logical continuation, development of the key metaphor computer – human brain.

The physiological function of the human eye (blink) gave birth to the metaphor blinking red warnings (about the phone screen).

Correlations of the electronic devices with such an anthropomorphic sphere as medicine manifest itself in the metaphor virus. The influence of the disease-causing agent on the human body is comparable to an action of the destructive computer program - virus.

Diagram 4. Metaphors, objectifying the electronic cellular communication devices, reflected in English fiction discourse that correlates with the concept "City"

Anthropomorphic metaphors

Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue № 3 (18), 2017 ISSN 2587-8093

Thus, it can be concluded that in the studied discourse the metaphors, objectifying the cellular communication devices of a modern city, belong to the type of anthropomorphic metaphors. They manifest clearly the correlation machine – man. The machine parts relate to the parts of the human body and its organs, the machine the functions correlate with the functions of the human body.

The analysis of a considerable quantity of digital lexemes in modern English fiction discourse revealed their specific character. The lexical units, described in the article, represent the technical terms that function within the framework of fiction discourse. This fact makes it possible to assert that the digital segment constitutes a significant part in the contemporary English fiction texts of the 21st century.

Therefore, the language personality that stands behind the studied contexts is of special interest.

In accord with Y.N. Karaulov’s definition, the language personality is a personality, expressed in the language (the texts), and through the language, reconstructed in its main features on the basis of the language means" [13, p. 38].

Y.N. Karaulov asserts that the language personality’s main features include "the hierarchy of meanings and values in its picture of the world, in its thesaurus" [13, p. 36].

Any language personality’s picture of the world contains the unique features that are inherent to a particular cultural and linguistic community in a definite cultural era, the signs of the time and of the people’s lifestyle. It can comprise both common and individual characteristics. Thus, the language personality that stands behind the studied texts is influenced by the individual life circumstances of the main characters of the analyzed works of literature, for example, by their education and occupation as professional programmers, the necessity to communicate all the time over the cellular mobile phone (“This is not a game”). On the other hand, the process of the creation of the language personality is influenced by the fact that cellular communication devices are widespread in modern citizens’ everyday life. According to the studied texts, the city dwellers use mobile phones very often. The names of the devices, their parts, products and options, special terminological verbs are used by people in ordinary everyday discourse.

Therefore, it is possible to come to the conclusion that in the English fiction picture of the world, alongside with the ordinary lexical units, the thesaurus of the language personality of the beginning of the third millennium also includes the technical terminology. Apparently, this phenomenon is determined by the high level of the society’s technological development, city dwellers’ broad use of the cellular communication means. The rapid changes that are taking place in the language, people’s verbal behavior, their linguistic consciousness, native speakers’ behavior and communication culture, in general, affect not only the English-speaking world. In the era of globalization, all these processes are universal. According to Z.Ye. Fomina: "The 20th century as well as the 21st century are characterized by the fact, that any events, occurring on the planet, are linked together. And with every day coming the mankind’s social, scientific and cultural connection is increasing" [14, p. 152]. So, the author writes about the great influence that the prevalence of information technologies, computerization, have exerted on German society. "Modern German society shows a significant influence the Americans and the British’ information culture... [15, p. 44].

"Information society is able to impact on seemingly stable (formed for centuries) national priorities and traditions, certain ethnic group virtues, peculiarities of its mentality and the language in general" [15, p. 53]. "The use of a computer and communication in social networks has to a certain extent contributed to a considerable extension of German general vocabulary" [15, p. 48, 50].

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue № 3 (18), 2017 ISSN 2587-8093

Thus, the process of penetration of the metalanguage servicing the sphere of information technologies in the language of literary works and in the everyday speech practice is closely linked to the process of globalization and it is of a universal, international character. Therefore, it is possible to speak about the lexical nominations studied in this article as not only about the national and cultural specifics of an individual ethnic group, but as about the language universals.

Conclusion. The research showed that in the English fiction picture of the world the cellular phone is presented as an essential in everyday use technical device. Mobile communication is taking place in various public places: airports, hotels, offices, taxis, etc.

The frequency of the device mention (94 units) and the variety of its nominations are very high. The device is also verbalized by the names of its parts, products and options.

The analysis of the cognitive models of the concept “Mobile phone” and the concept “Mobile phone button(s)” made it possible to reveal the correlation of electronic devices and their parts with such anthropocentric spheres as space exploration, the protection of privacy boundaries, man’s oral and written communication.

The study of metaphors that serve as the verbal representatives of the cellular communication means, described in the source-novels, allowed revealing the correlation machine-man. Electronic devices, their parts and functions correspond to a human body, its parts and functions.

Thus, the results obtained during the research, made it possible to come to the conclusion that a modern mega polis is represented as a center of cellular communication in the English fiction picture of the world. The language personality of the 21st century, along with the national vocabulary, includes the meta-language of information technology in everyday use. Taking into consideration, the prevalence of this meta-language in the world due to the processes of globalization and computerization, the names of the means of communication, studied in this work, can be attributed to the category of language universals.

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