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tips for a prediction of a short-term or long-term weather forecast and for preparation for carrying out various agricultural works.

In turn, the rhyming of two nouns is presented by 8 sematic groups correlating with various cultural specific concepts. The majority of signs of this classification contain a theomorphic name. The rhyming of the Saint name and a noun in the German weather signs is reflected by natural (Schnee (snow), Bach (stream), Eis (ice)), cultural (Sage (legend)), spatial (Seite (quarter)), gastronomic (Ei (egg)), temporal (Jahr (year), Tag (day), die Jahreszeit (season)) culturespecific elements. By the criterion of frequency the main place goes to such Saints names of as Dorothee, Matthias (their name is connected with 3 paremias), Veit, Vinzent (on 2 signs). The peculiarity of the German weather paremias considered in gender aspect is the fact that in their semantic structure the prevalence of man's over women's names is evident: 20 units and 7 units respectively. Many signs are ethnocultural and lingvocultural marked, because they contain in the structure the name of the Saint, especially significant for the German linguocultural community. We have allocated 9 Saint names which explicate the ethnocultural information and represent the national character, the mentality and the character of the German-speaking cultural community: Albinus (martyr), Veit (the Roman martyr of the early Christianity period), Sophie (martyress), Servatius (the bishop of Tongra in the Western Roman Empire), Mamertus (bishop of Vyenna), Bonifatius (the archbishop of Mainz, the Illuminator of Germany), Pankratius (the patron of Izerlona (Germany)), Remigius (bishop of Reims), Kunigunde (the first German queen, the patroness of Bamberg). The German people revere the memory of these Saints sacredly, perceive them as Intercessor with God and beg them for help with prayers and requests, consider as saviours from various troubles and illnesses. Special honoring and awe to Saints is manifested in festivals in their honor, in the construction of cathedrals, temples and monasteries which become the place of a pilgrimage. The majority of the ethnoculturally - connoted names in our corpora of paremias is connected with spring months, for example, the calendar of the empress Kunigunda falls on March, the 3ed, Saint Marmetus, Pancratius, Servatius and Sophia are esteemed in May.

As a result of the analysis of the German weather calendar, it has been found that almost every day is patronized by a certain Saint. There is an accurate distribution of protection objects, cares of the weather and human health between Saints.

Bibliographic list

1.Kul'kova M.A. Kognitivno-Smyslovoe prostranstvo narodnoj primet URL: http://nllinguistica.ru/ (vremja obrashhenija – 01.04.17).

2.Fattahova N.N., Kul'kova M.A. Narodnye primety: sintaksis i pragmatika (na materiale russkogo, tatarskogo i nemeckogo jazykov) Monografija URL: http://xn--90ax2c.xn-- p1ai/catalog/000201_000010_1436407/viewer/?page=18 (vremja obrashhenija – 01.04.17).

3.Tonkova E.E. Narodnaja primeta s pozicij lingvokognitivistiki i lingvokul'turologii. URL: http://www.lib.ua-ru.net/diss/cont/298965.html (vremja obrashhenija – 01.04.17).

4.Fomina Z.E. Meteorologicheskie poslovichnye primety s imenem svjatogo v nemeckom lingvokul'turnom soobshhestve / Z.E. Fomina // Nauchnyj vestnik Voronezh. gos. arh.-stroit. un-ta. Sovremennye lingvisticheskie i metodiko-didakticheskie issledovanija. – 2015. – vyp. 2 (26). – S. 129-146.

5.Kupcevichova E. Sredstva realizacii rifm v russkih narodnyh primetah o pogode. Vestnik udmurtskogo universiteta. 2010. Vyp. 2

6.Abramova N.V. Strukturno-semanticheskaja organizacija i kommunikativnopragmaticheskij potencial v nemeckih paremijah. URL: http://os.x- pdf.ru/20jazykoznanie/297569-1-istochnik-filologicheskie-nauki-voprosi-teorii-praktiki- tambov-g.php (vremja obrashhenija – 01.04.17).

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7.Golikova T.A. Obraz kukushki v mifopojetike narodov mira. URL: http://linguisticsonline.narod.ru/jazyki_i_litureatury.2012.statja.pdf (vremja obrashhenija – 02.04.17).

8.Zhivotnye v mifologii. URL: http://mar4586.narod.ru/animals/birds/swallow.html (vremja obrashhenija – 02.04.17).

9.Gajduk I.V. Meteorologicheskie primety s imenami svjatyh v lingvokul'turologicheskoj perspektive / I.V. Gajduk // Nauchnyj vestnik Voronezh. gos. arh. - stroit. un-ta. Sovremennye lingvisticheskie i metodiko-didakticheskie issledovanija. – 2016. – vyp. 2 (30). – S. 116-134.

10.Prekrasnye svjatye Surbarana. URL: http://www.liveinternet.ru/users/3109898/post297467025/ (vremja obrashhenija – 02.04.17).

12.Kadety i vera. URL: http://stgeorgecadet.org/cadets_and_Vera/st_george.php (vremja obrashhenija – 02.04.17).

13.Svjatoj Vit. URL: http://homofestivus.ru/vitus.html (vremja obrashhenija –

02.04.17).

14.Svjatoj Urban, pokrovitel' vinogradarej. URL: http://www.restaurant-anker.de/ index.php? option=com_content&task=view&id=23&Itemid (vremja obrashhenija – 02.04.17).

15.Mistika drevnih. URL: http://mythologie.ru/?p=737(vremja obrashhenija – 24.04.17).

16.Prazdnik Svjatogo Vinsenta Krutjashhegosja. URL: http://lyoncrown.ru/?p=2609 (vremja obrashhenija – 02.04.17).

17.Ledjanye svjatye. URL: http://schwabmosaika.com/article/eisheilige (vremja obrashhenija – 24.04.17).

18.Ikona XXI veka. URL: http://iconkuznetsov.ru/index.php?sid=358&did (vremja obrashhenija – 02.04.17).

19.Narodnye prazdniki. Mark Kljuchnik. http://www.hollydays.ru/celebrations/714.html (vremja obrashhenija – 24.04.17)

20.Jenciklopedija simvoliki i geral'diki. URL: http:// www. Symbolarium .ru/ index. php/% D0%AF%D0%B9%D1%86%D0%BE (vremja obrashhenija – 24.04.17).

21.Fomina Z.E. Kul'turno-gastronomicheskie smysly v evropejskom i russkom jazykovom soznanii (na materiale nemeckih chislovyh frazeologizmov) / Z.E. Fomina // Nauchnyj vestnik Voronezh. gos. arh.-stroit. un-ta. Sovremennye lingvisticheskie i metodikodidakticheskie issledovanija. – 2013. – vyp. 2(20). – S. 43-56.

Analyzed sources

1. Bauernregeln, Wetterregeln, Lostage, Weisheiten, Wetter. URL: http: //www. bauernregeln. net/17.html (vremja obrashhenija – 02.04.17).

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UDC 81’38

PHRASEOLOGICAL NOMINATIONS FOR PERSONS IN THE MODERN GERMAN

LANGUAGE (ACTUAL TRENDS IN THE LEXICOGRAPHIC

DESCRIPTION OF GENDER)

A.V. Petrushkina

____________________________________________________________________________

Moscow Pedagogical State University Postgraduate at the Department of German Anastasia Viktorovna Petrushkina

e-mail: minka529@gmail.com

____________________________________________________________________________

Statement of the problem. This article is devoted to the study of changes in the representation of men and women in the phraseological nominations of a person in the German language in the period from 1992 to 2013. Our focus is on the gender aspect of sustainable linguistic units and its reflection in dictionaries depending on time.

Results. The examples of the two editions of dictionaries "Duden: Redewendungen und sprichwörtlicheRedensarten: Wörterbuch der deutschenIdiomatik", publication year 1992 and "Duden 11. Redewendungen: :WörterbuchderdeutschenIdiomatik", publication year 2013 are examined, analyzed and compared. The information that in the modern German language the number of phraseological nominations of a person increases article is shown and confirmed with examples, and the changes in their lexicographical description are also discussed. In addition, the article explores new phraseological nominations of a person, including hyperonimic and demographic nominations, which contain functional and evaluative designations of the person. We have made an attempt to trace the interrelation of the activity of feminist linguistics and the strengthening of women's rights in the society, as well as the legalization of the activities of LGBT communities and their influence on public views on the use of nominations in relation to persons of different sexes.

Conclusion. There is a tendency to use certain characteristics of men and women, previously applicable only to members of the same sex. The fact of the fixation of gender stereotyping, which is characteristic of mass consciousness, and close connection of national views and stereotypes, with such phenomena as "femininity" and "masculinity" are noted.

Keywords:Phraseology, nomination, phraseological nomination, gender, gender linguistics, gender aspect, German language, vocabulary, linguistic worldimage.

Introduction. In modern linguistics, the study of the language is becoming more and more relevant in connection with man, new research is being devoted to the description of the problem of the interdependence between language and culture and the, linguistic worldimage, including the phraseological worldimage as its component.

Every object of reality has a fixed designation in the language, which is necessary for the successful implementation of the communication process. In linguistics, the term "nomination" was widely used, in the scientific literature following V.N. Telia it means:

1)the naming process; Formation of linguistic units characterized by a nominative function; it serves for naming the isolation of fragments of reality and the formation of the corresponding concepts about them in the form of words, combinations of words, phraseological units and sentences;

2)the result of this process is a significant language unit;

3)a section of linguistics that studies the structure of acts of naming [1, p. 336].

Thus, nominations are also stable groups of words, phraseological units that can also designate or characterize a person, i.e. be a person's nominations. In this regard, we use the term "phraseological nomination of a person" (hereinafter PNP) in the article.

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© Petrushkina A.V., 2017

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Nominations of the person, including PNP, in the German language were actively investigated by Peter Brown [2], Dieter Mohn [3], S.Yu. Potapova [4], L.A. Nefedova [5], Z. Ye. Fomina [6;7]. PNP of the German language in comparison with other languages became the object of the study of E.M. Saitova [8], PNP of the English and Russian languages - A.F. Arsentieva [9].

Phraseology has been developing in different directions. One of the most important areas of linguistic research in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries was the gender study, the gender aspects of language and communication, and the term "gender" became increasingly important. In linguistics, gender refers to the social gender, determined by the differences between women and men at the social level.

Differences based on the social and sex identity of native speakers are the subject of a study of gender linguistics. Owing to the development of feminist criticue of the language, or feminist linguistics (FL), gender and its reflection in the language began to be studied more thoroughly and deeply. The fact of the language androcentrism , or gender asymmetry in the language, i.e, domination of the male worldview and world outlook over the female, which led to uneven representation of people of different sex at the level of the language. This problem is described in detail in the work of A.V. Kirillina [10, p. 53].

By the beginning of the 21st century, a large number of linguistic studies on the problems of gender appeared. [also 11, 12], which focus on two main groups of questions: how gender is reflected in the language (nominative system, vocabulary, gender category, etc.), as well as verbal behavior of men and women.

The study of the phraseological nomination within the framework of the description of the linguistic worldimage makes it possible to understand the laws of figurative vision and how a person masters the surrounding world. The insufficient number of works on the gender aspect of PNP, as well as the growing interest in studying the potential of phraseological units as the most relevant means of verbalization and conceptualization of the gender aspect of the German language as a result of the increasingly active activity of FL, determine the novelty and urgency of the current study.

Gender is one of the dominant markers of the social system, i.e. It forms the society. In this connection, it is necessary to study in more detail the issues related to the influence of the gender factor on the communicative process, the description of the gender aspect of phraseology. This will largely help to understand the mentality of the speakers of the studied language, as well as to develop and optimize intercultural communication.

Methodology. The object of the study was the phraseological units of the German language, indicating the person (persons) in the gender aspect. The subject of the study is a lexicographic description of gender.

The material of the study were the dictionaries: DUDEN. Redewendungen und sprichwörtliche Redensarten. Wörterbuch der deutschen Idiomatik. Mannheim / Leipzig / Wien / Zürich: Dudenverlag 1992 (= Der Duden in 12 Bänden, Bd. 11) (hereinafter DUDEN 1992) and DUDEN. Redewendungen. Wörterbuch der deutschen Idiomatik. 4., neu bearbeitete und aktualisierte Auflage. Berlin: Dudenverlag 2013 (= Der Duden in 12 Bänden, Bd. 11) (hereinafter referred to as DUDEN 2013).

The stratified sampling method was used by the analysis, interpretation and semantic analysis of PNP.

The purpose of this work was to identify changes in the reflection of gender by the phraseological nominative system of the German language over a period of 20 years (1992 - 2013).

Results. In the description of PNP, the typology of the nomination of a person, proposed by V.G. Gak, is used. The linguist distinguishes the following types of nominations:

1)proper name (calls a particular object or phenomenon);

2)hyperonical nomination (calls the person in general: Mensch person, Person person, etc.);

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3)demographic nomination (age, sex, origin, nationality are indicated: Alter / Alte old man / old woman, Mädchen girl, Franzose Frenchman);

4)functional nomination (indicates a person's connection with the action performed or undergoing it: Leser reader, Verletzter a wounded person);

5)relative nomination (indicates the relative, professional relationship, etc. of this person with another: Bruder brother, Patient patient);

6)evaluation nomination (contains the characteristic of a person: Schöne a beautiful girl/women, Scheusal freak);

7)pronominal nomination (use of pronouns instead of nominations) [13, p. 73-74].

In the work, the emphasis is on demographic nominationы, which denotes the gender of a person, which can be designated as masculine and feminine nominations (MN and FN).

In describing PNP we rely in our work on the classification of phraseological units by H. Burger, according to which the scientist distinguishes idioms , part-idioms (Teil-Idiome) and collocations (Kollokationen) among stable idioms [14, p. 37-38].

Thus, the phraseological nomination of a person (PNP) means human designations expressed by idioms and part-idioms. These phraseological units of the language, which contain in their composition such lexical and semantic components of a gender nature that take part in the formation of gender concepts "Man" and "Woman" in the phraseological / linguistic worldimage.

PNP are used in speech to a greater extent not only to name, but in order to characterize, convey an appreciation or subjective attitude to the person of another person. First, the work deals with PNP, fixed by the dictionary DUDEN 1992.

I. PHRASEOLOGICAL NOMINATIONS OF A PERSON IN DUDEN 1992

The results of the quantitative analysis of the PNP of the Dictionary of Phraseology of 1992 show that the nominations are distributed in the ratio of 7: 2: 1:

hyperonimic (7),

demographic with the male component (2),

demographic with the female component (1).

Hyperonical nominations describe a person in principle, without focusing on the gender (Mensch, Person, Subjekt), for example:

t r ü b e T a s s e ein dummer / begriffsstutziger / langsamer / langweiliger Mensch (a stupid / slow / boring person);

e i n s e l t e n e r V o g e l ein dummer / begriffsstutziger / Langsamer / langweiliger Mensch (a strange man /an oddball);

s c h m a l e s H a n d t u c h - dünner, schmächtiger Mensch (a very thin person).

In these examples we can observe the fact that idioms do not express a gender aspect, i.e. Is not a characteristic of only men or only women, referring to people in general.

Along with, it should be noted that many PNP in DUDEN 1992 are demographic, denoting the gender of the person. These are masculine PNPs for men, and feminine PNPs for women. In this case, both the gender asymmetry that predominates and the symmetry are observed.

Demographic PNP can also simultaneously indicate the connection of a person with the action performed or undergoing it. Such PNP in accordance with the above typology of nominations of the person by V.G. Gak belong to the functional PNP. In the dictionary of 1992 there are few functional demographic PNPs, it is mostly the designations of men:

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ihrer Rolle als Hausfrau und Ehefrau zufrieden ist (a naive, not emancipated woman, happy with her role as a housewife.).

In three of the four examples, one of the components of phraseological units expresses the gender aspect (H ü t e r - g u a r d , J u n g s - y o u n g m e n , F r ä u l e i n - y o u n g w o m a n ).

Consequently, functional demographic PNPs are divided on the basis of gender. This opposition is due to the fact that they relate either to purely masculine or purely feminine occupations: policemen and sailors were only men, telephone operators, as a rule, were women. In the idiom e i n H e i m c h e n a m H e r d [ e ] , the component am Herde means by the range, which in German society was correlated with exclusively female responsibilities. Thus, in the phraseological system of the German language among functional demographic PNP gender asymmetry is clearly noticed.

Among the PNP, a small number of examples of relative demographic PNP showing family, professional, etc. relationships were found:

a l t e D a m e - Mutter (a mother), a l t e r H e r r - Vater (a father), a l t e H e r r - s c h a f t e n – Eltern (parents).

In this case, the gender symmetry of PNP is observed in the singular, since the language has parallel PNP for the designation of the father and mother. In the PNP of the plural Herrschaften, which designates parents, a derivative word created by the word Herr is used, it demonstrates a manifestation of the androcentrism of the German language.

In DUDEN 1992, evaluation PNPs are presented, which in their meaning contain the evaluation and characterization of the person. Estimated PNP d a s b e s t e P f e r d i m S t a l l has the value der tüchtigste Mitarbeiter the best, capable worker. In the definition of PNP in the dictionary it is indicated that the best employee is called the person, although the gender aspect does not express the PNP itself. The value of the estimated PNP jm n d s . B e s - s e r e H ä l f t e (literally someone's better half) is defined as jmnds. Ehefrau someone's wife, but the best half could be a man.

The dictionary also contains a large number of evaluative masculine and feminine PNP:

/ z a r t e G e s c h l e c h t - die Frauen (women).

Despite the fact that there are less PNPs, describing women in the dictionary than the nominations with the masculine component, the attributes themselves specifically characterizing women are more common (compare d a s s c h ö n e / z a r t e G e s c h l e c h t ). This reflects the fact that the society estimates more qualities and characteristics of women than men.

Thus, in DUDEN 1992, masculine PNP prevail. According to our analysis of the PNP dictionary 1992, in German among the demographic PNPs gender asymmetry (functional, evaluation nominations) and less often symmetry (relative nominations) are to notice.

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Next, we studied the PNP of the dictionary DUDEN 2013, in which, as our study showed, the total number of PNPs increased.

II. PHRASEOLOGICAL NOMINATIONS OF THE PERSON IN DUDEN 2013

The dictionary of 2013 includes new hyperonical FNL, for example:

L a n g e L a t t e - sehr großer, dünner Mensch (a very tall, thin man);

w a n d e l n d e S c h l a f t a b l e t t e - langweilige, träge Person (a sluggish person); demographic PNP:

H e r r u n d F r a u Ö s t e r r e i c h e r - die durchschnittlichen Österreicher (average Austrians);

d i e g r o ß e n J u n g s - 1. Die Prominenten, Anerkannten, schon Erfolgreichen;

2. Die Mächtigen, Starken (prominent personalities, eminent personalities; authoritative people).

It should be noted that, compared to the 1992 edition, such PNP with the J u n g s component as d i e g r o ß e n J u n g s , which earlier designated persons of exclusively masculine gender, lost their gender component in the modern dictionary. At the same time, phraseological units like H e r r u n d F r a u Ö s t e r r e i c h e r , consisting of masculine and feminine components (Herr -a man, Frau - awoman) appear, which are equally represented in them. In this case, the corresponding mono-gender PNP describing either a man or a woman (* H e r r

Ö s t e r r e i c h e r , * F r a u Ö s t e r r e i c h e r ) , was not found in the new of 2013. Among the demographic PNP we identified the following:

- functional masculine PNP, for example:

w a r m e r B r u d e r - Homosexueller homosexual (about a man); - estimated masculine PNP, for example:

By analyzing the 2013 edition, it was revealed that the new nominations mostly describe male persons, i.e. are masculine. In addition, despite the expansion of the activities of LGBT communities with the same goal - the legalization of the rights of gays, lesbians and other sexual minorities, we observe a phenomenon where only the phraseology w a r m e r B r u d e r , referring only to homosexual men, is codified. This fact indicates the presence of gender asymmetry, even in those areas of society where the gender concept itself should acquire a conditional value, or be eliminated altogether. Based on this, even a single fact, it can be assumed that the influence of the androcentric society still exerts a sufficiently strong influence on the language of modern society.

Under the strong global influence of the English language on others, the introduction and emergence of new lexical units, including phraseological units, occurs. So, in the new version of the dictionary there is a feminine PNP First L a d y - F r a u eines Staatsoberhauptes the wife of the head of state (first lady).

There have also been changes in the lexicographical description of the PNP. In DUDEN 1992, in describing the meaning of the face nomination, no emphasis was placed on the grammatical genus of the language unit. In the new version of DUDEN 2013 the genus is indicated if one PNP describes both a man and a woman, for example:

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Karin ist das beste Pferd in unserem Stall. Keiner aus unserer Gruppe kann sie im Studium übertrumpfen. (Karin is the best among us. No one in our group can surpass her) [3**].

Therefore, this is reflected in the dictionary DUDEN 2013.

Also, some other PNPs now describe the representatives of the two sexes, i.e. are both masculine and feminine25, which used to be different:

d i e b e s s e r e H ä l f t e - jmnds. Ehefrau ( someone's wife) (DUDEN 1992);

jmnds. Ehepartner, bes. Ehefrau (someone's spouse, most often about women) (DUDEN 2013).

It should be noted that a number of PNPs have got additions or clarifications in their meaning, for example:

h a l b e s H e m d -schmächtiger Mann (a frail man) (DUDEN 1992);

J u g e n d l i c h e r G e r n e g r o s s , schmächtige Person (a young bouncer, a frail man) (DUDEN 2013),

which, however, did not affect the expansion of the value of the nomination. This is still a masculine PNP, as evidenced, for example, by the following definition:

Ein Mann mit wenig Muskeln, Schwächling, Spargeltarzan (a man with weak muscles, a weak male person) (synonymous PNP Homo Aspargillus) [4**].

One should also pay attention to the reflection in German of active legalization of homosexuality, which is confirmed by the appearance in DUDEN 2013 of such PNP as idiom

w a r m e r B r u d e r - Homosexueller (homosexual) (about a man);

d a s d r i t t e G e s c h l e c h t - Gesamtheit der Homosexuellen [und Transsexuellen, Transvestiten] (LGBT community, etc.).

This allows us to conclude that in the modern German language, not only the desire for gender symmetry, but also the designation of sexual minorities: gays, lesbians, etc., develops.

25 Movation (Movierung, Motion) refers to the explicit derivation of nouns of another kind, when the name of a person or animal functions as the producing basis. As a rule, the names of female persons, formed from the corresponding names of males, are derived. This method of word-production has only three exceptions: Hexe, Witwe and Braut. Only in these three cases the name of the woman is the initial word from which the name of the man is made from: Hexer, Witwer and Bräutigam [http://deutsch-sprechen.ru/movirovannye-imena/].

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In the 1992 edition there is an opposition in the evaluation of men and women (s t a r k s t r o n g - s c h w a c h i s w e a k ), as well as an additional assessment of feminine qualities, of the PNP with the component G e s c h l e c h t but by mentioning persons of non-traditional orientation the characterization is completely absent. The use of the quantitative numeral d a s d r i t t e three refers to the fact that there should be the same division on das erste the first and das zweite the second. However, there are no such nominations, which is probably connected with an attempt not to discriminate people of this category.

For clarity, the table below shows the changes that occurred.

Table Dynamics of semantic changes of FNL from 1992 to 2013

Thus, DUDEN 2013 includes new PNP, including hyperonimic and demographic nominations, including functional and evaluation designations of the person.

The most important difference between DUDEN 2013 and DUDEN 1992 is a change in the lexicographic description of the PNP: an indication of the genus of the noun if the PNP describes both the man and the woman. A comparative analysis of PNP in two dictionaries shows that over 20 years some demographic nominations that designate or characterize a particular gender have become hyperonimic, i.e. describe both the man and the woman, i.e. person in general. Thus, if some PNP were masculine or feminine, now they have been used to refer to both men and women.

Conclusion. One of the important components of the linguistic worldimage is the phraseological worldimage, i.e. description of the surrounding reality by phraseology. Each phraseological unit has its own specific function (descriptive, characterizing, called, etc.). In addition, any phraseological unit incorporates the characteristics of the worldview and perception of the world of the native speakers. However, the key moment remains androcentrism , an orientation toward man. It is the main criterion of the values of its surrounding reality, and this contributes to the creation of the "humanized" model of the world. Reflection of a phenomenon in the language system is facilitated by the attitude and perception of this phenomenon in society.

At the end of the twentieth century a number of PNPs were used only in relation to males, but at the beginning of the new century, as a result of the influence of FL, and also the noticeable strengthening of women's rights in German society, we can observe the use of the same PNP for females.

The same trend is observed in relation to feminine characteristics, which in modern German are applicable to men. Probably, this may be a consequence of the expansion of the rights of sexual minorities. In a homosexual couple, one partner performs the functions of the opposite sex, and therefore, relevant characteristics are used in relation to him/her. At the moment, we do not have enough information to study such relationships and confirm this hypothesis, however, the activities of LGBT communities are the most influential on public views and it is most likely that it is responsible for the transfer of feminine characteristics to men.

In conclusion, we note that in general, the language captures gender stereotyping, which is characteristic of collective consciousness, and reflects in a figurative form national assessments and stereotypes that are closely related to such phenomena as "femininity" and "masculinity", as well as the distribution of male and women's responsibilities.

Bibliographic list

1.Telija V.N. Nominacija / V.N. Telija // Bol'shoj jenciklopedicheskij slovar'. Jazykoznanie. – M.: Bol'shajaRossijskajajenciklopedija. – 1998. – S. 336 – 337.

2.Braun, Peter. Personenbezeichnungen. Der Mensch in der deutschen Sprache / Berlin: De Gruyter. – 1997. – 157 S.

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