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PART I. THE INGREDIENTS OF HAPPINESS

SELF-WORK 1

Exercise 1. Grammar to notice:

–Pronouns;

–Verb ‘to be’;

–Verb ‘to have’;

–Word Order;

–Types of Questions.

Exercise 2. Choose the best variant:

Exercise 3. Match the adjectives (on the left) and the questions (on the right):

What type of person are you?

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Exercise 4. What are the advantages and disadvantages of being brought up in a small family? Exercise 5.Listen and put the words or phrases from the box into the certain gaps.

BROTHERS AND SISTERS

I= Interviewer, R=Rose

I So, Rose, do you have any brothers or sisters?

R No, I don’t. I’m 1)….

I So, what was it like 2)… as an only child? Were you happy?

R When I was little, I liked it. I had lots of 3)…and most of them lived in the same town, so we played together all the time. And I had a 4)…who lived next door to me. She was the same age as me and so she was a bit like 5)…, I suppose. But she moved away and that was sad. It was hard when I was 6)… .

I Why was that?

R Well, you know what it’s like being a teenager. You’re kind of unsure of how to deal with things and how to deal with people, especially 7)…. It would have been nice to have brother or sister to talk to.

I Some people who come from 8) … might envy you because you had all of your 9)…, especially as a teenager. It was hard to find myself and my place in the world, I suppose.

I What about now that you’re 10)…?

R Again, I think it’s difficult really. My 11)…died about ten years ago, so of course I’m the one who’s left totally 12)…my mother. I’m the one who has to 13)…her if she has a problem and help her if she needs help in any way. There’s nobody else to help at all.

I You’re 14)…now with two children of your own. Was that 15)…to have more than one child? R Yes, definitely. And they seem very happy and they 16)… very well with one another. Usually.

Exercise 6. Writing a CV. Match a word / phrase in A with a word / phrase in B; translate them.

Exercise 7. Write five sentences about people you know using the phrases obtained. Exercise 8. Find two articles on family and social issues; write out publisher’s imprint.

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PART I. THE INGREDIENTS OF HAPPINESS

SELF-WORK 2

IT’S ALL IN YOUR GENES

Exercise 1. Grammar to notice:

–Pronouns;

–Verb ‘to be’;

–Verb ‘to have’;

–Word Order;

–Types of Questions.

Exercise 2. Read the text and follow the instructions:

Words and word combinations to be remembered:

Exercise 3. The text is divided into four sections. What is each section about?

a)Look at this list of topics:

–Genes and disease;

–Genetic engineering;

–How genes are inherited;

–Selective breeding;

–Why some species become extinct;

–Human variety.

b)Read the whole text and match four of the topics to the correct sections.

What colour of hair have you got? Is it straight, wavy or curly? What colour are your eyes?

Why are some people tall and slim while others are short and stocky? It’s all in your genes. Each person on this person is unique, because everyone has got a different combination of genes. These are contained in the DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) structure. Your genes determine your general shape and size, the colour of your face, nose, ears, mouth and teeth.

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 For every part of your body you have got two genes. You inherit one from your mother and one from your father. One of two genes is dominant, but you can pass either gene on to your children. Look at this couple, for example. The man and the woman both carry a gene for blue eyes and a gene for brown eyes, which they have inherited from their own parents, but they have both got brown eyes, because the brown gene is always dominant.

In this ideal example the couple have two sons and two daughters and each one has received one of the four possible combinations of the parents’ genes. As we can see, one of them is blue-eyed and the other three have got brown eyes, but three of them carry a blue gene.

A gene can stay hidden in a family for generations. For example, the second daughter is married. Her husband’s eyes are brown, but he also carries a blue gene. This couple have got four children and each child has got a different combination of the parents’ genes, so one child has got blue eyes, although her parents and grandparents have all got brown eyes.

 Knowledge about genes has been used since the eighteenth century to improve plants and animals. Scientists and farmers select the best possible specimens to breed from. In this way they have been able to produce bigger fruit vegetables, animals that produce more meat, kinds of wheat or rice that are more resistant to disease, and so on. This is known as selective breeding.

 Now scientists can actually identify the genes for particular characteristics. In the new science of genetic engineering, genes can be removed, added or replaced to produce the characteristics that we want. New and better plants and animals will be produced by genetic engineering. Will we be able to design the perfect human being, too? “Nobody’s perfect”, we say. Perhaps one day everyone will be.

Exercise 4. Read each section in more detail and find the answers to these questions:

a)Why is everybody unique?

b)How is it possible for a blue-eyed child to come from brown-eyed parents and grandparents?

c)How does selective breeding work?

d)How does the process of genetic engineering differ from selective breeding?

Exercise 5. Read the second section again. Look at the son with blue eyes.

a)His wife has got one brown gene and one blue gene.

–What colour are his wife’s eyes?

–What combinations of eye colour genes can the children have?

–What colour will their children’s eyes actually be?

b)If his wife carried two brown genes, could any of their children have blue eyes?

Exercise 6. Look back through all the paragraphs of the text.

a)Find the words in the text that describe:

–parts of the body;

–family relationships.

b)Add six more words to each list.

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Exercise 7. Discussion points.

a)Not everything is determined by your genes. For example, sunbathing will make fair skin darker. Think of other ways in which people can change their basic appearance. Why do they do it?

b)Is genetic engineering a good thing? How can it help us? What dangers are there in it?

Exercise 8. What family characteristics do you notice in your family?

a)Write down five characteristics.

b)Make a list of five features that you have inherited from your parents and grandparents.

Exercise 9. Work in a group. Design the perfect people and describe them. Here are some things that you should describe:

–their physical appearance;

–their personalities;

–their abilities;

–their lifestyle;

–the kind of society they live in.

Exercise 10. Create impressive sentences for your personal statement by choosing a word or phrase from each column in the following box.

Exercise 11. Complete the table using the words in the box from Ex. 10. Try and add more words and phrases to each column.

Exercise 12. Use the table from Ex. 11 to write five true sentences about you. E.g. Highly experienced account manager with excellent communication skills.

Exercise 13. Find two articles on family and social issues; write out publisher’s imprint.

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PART I. THE INGREDIENTS OF HAPPINESS

SELF-WORK 3

Exercise 1. Read the text and give appropriate translation to the words written from the text; learn them.

Exercise 2. Write out ten more words and suggest their translation; learn them.

Exercise 3. Write out the positive and negative adjectives related to the words “family; person”.

Exercise 4. Grammar to notice:

–Pronouns;

–Verb ‘to be’;

–Verb ‘to have’;

–Word Order;

–Types of Questions.

Exercise 5. Answer the questions after the text.

Exercise 6. When you give information about past work experience and achievements in a CV, use verbs in the past simple without a personal pronoun: Chaired weekly meetings (not I chaired weekly team meetings). Look at the following table of action verbs commonly associated with professional experience. Select five verbs and write sentences suitable for your CV that are true for you.

Exercise 7. Find two articles on family and social issues; write out publisher’s imprint.

Text THE NO-RULES GENERATION (adapted)

Words and word combinations to be remembered:

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Once upon a time, the family was a life-long nest and safety net. Taking into account that life itself was a chancy business, couples tended to stick together for better or for worse. If for worse, at least it wasn’t for long. Thanks to late marriages and early deaths, especially deaths of women in childbirth, marital co-existence in the middle of the 19th century was only 15 years on average.

A Rip Van Winkle who fell asleep then and woke up today would hardly be able to believe his luck. We are on the whole far more prosperous and healthy and have a much longer life expectancy than our ancestors. A Mrs Rip Van Winkle would be even more surprised. Women’s opportunities have been transformed by education and domestic technology.

Grandparents, more hale and hearty than ever, and increasingly numerous in today’s reconstituted families, are still a vital part of the composite family, supporting their children with more or less welcome advice, child minding, babysitting, finance, furniture and accommodation. Nearly two-thirds of child care in Britain is undertaken by relatives, most of them are grandparents and friends.

Children’s lives have also changed. Young children have to learn how to control their behavior, their appetites and their selfishness. They spend much less time in the home than they used to. That is why they grow up without rules and think only of themselves. They develop into adults who can’t accept discipline of any kind, tolerate orders or accept criticism. All too often their relationships break up because they can’t compromise. Parents need to provide a firm and protective framework which makes children feel safe and loved. Of course education has its advantages but life skills need to be instilled somewhere, somehow.

Finally, we need to recognize that real homes cannot be bought off the shelf. Despite the vacuum cleaner and the microwave oven, the home demands constant attention, thought and adjustment to the constant needs of the family within.

A survey published in the Center of Family Research at Cambridge University discovered that children accept wide variations in family practice and structures. Their definitions did not center on genetic ties but they had definite ideas about the importance of grandparents and friends, as well as about parents. “A family is a group of people which all cares about each other”, wrote 13-year-old Tara. “They can all cry together, laugh together, argue together and go through all the emotions together. Some live together as well. Families are for helping each other through life.”

Newsweek

Exercise 8. General understanding. Answer the questions:

1.How did the 19th century family look like?

2.Why would the Winkles be even more surprised?

3.What changes have appeared in today family life?

4.What has happened to the modern children?

5.What should be done to save the nuclear family?

6.What is your definition of the word ‘family’?

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WORD LIST TO PART I

Personality and Appearance

Family

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