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СИБИРСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТПУТЕЙ СООБЩЕНИЯ
А.В. Хохлова
NATIVE AND FOREIGN SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT
МИР ВОКРУГ НАС. РОССИЯ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЕ СТРАНЫ
Методическиеуказанияпоанглийскомуязыку
НОВОСИБИРСК
2013
УДК802.8(075.8) Х862
Хохлова А.В. Native and Foreign Social Environment=
Мир вокруг нас. Россия и зарубежные страны: Метод.
указ. по английскому языку. – Новосибирск: Изд-во СГУПСа, 2013. – 55 с.
Включают в себя 6 разделов – «Язык как средство межкультурного общения», «Достопримечательности России и стран изучаемого языка»,«Искусствоиспорт»,«Сохранениеокружающейсреды», «Глобаль- ныепроблемычеловечестваипутиихрешения»,«Научно-технический прогресси информационныетехнологии».
Предназначены для студентов 1-го и 2-го курсов всех направлений СГУПСа.
Рассмотрены и рекомендованы к изданию на заседании кафедры «Иностранные языки».
О т в е т с т в е н н ы й р е д а к т о р
канд.соц.наук,доц.кафедры«Иностранныеязыки»Сибирского государственного университетапутей сообщенияС.В.Чусовлянова
Р е ц е н з е н т
кафедра иностранных языков Новосибирской государственной академииводного транспорта(завкафедрой «Иностранныеязыки», канд. филол. наук, доц. Е.И. Мартынова)
Сибирский государственный университет путей сообщения, 2013
Хохлова А.В., 2013
Введение
Цель данных методических указаний – научить студентов использовать английский язык в различных коммуникативных ситуациях, а также понимать тексты общеобразовательной тематики.
Методические указания рассчитаны на 80 ч.; они cостоят из шести разделов (Units), ряд из которых делится на несколько частей (Parts). В каждом разделе представлены списки наиболее часто употребляемых слов по тематике раздела с переводом.
Часть (Part) раздела состоит из базового текста, предтекстовых заданий к нему и упражнений, которые органически связаны между собой. Также предусмотрены дополнительные задания и тексты, отмеченные звездочкой.
В завершении методических указаний представлен библиографический список использованной литературы, словарей и ин- тернет-ресурсов.
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Unit 1. Language as a Cross-Cultural Means of Communication
I. Прочитайте новые слова и их перевод:
Means – средство |
Field – область; поле |
To reflect – отражать |
Unconscious – неосознанный |
Soul – душа |
Assumption – принятие |
Behaviour – образ действий, манеры, |
Currently – в настоящее время |
поведение |
Mother tongue – родной язык |
To create – создавать |
United Nations Organization – |
Similar(to) – подобный, похожий, |
ЮНЕСКО |
сходный |
Glamour – обаяние, очарование |
Whole – весь, целый |
Broadcasting – 1) радиовещание |
Influence – влиять; influencing – |
2) телевещание |
влияющий |
Transmit – передавать |
Domain – сфера, область |
Exceed – превышать |
Human – человеческий |
Store – хранить |
Dominate – господствовать, |
Encompass – заключать |
доминировать |
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1. Выберите 4 новых слова. Подберите к ним как можно большее количество подходящих глаголов, существительных, прилагательных или наречий и составьте словосочетания.
Пример: Store; Словосочетания с существительными: store information; store goods.
2. Перед прочтением текста обсудите следующее:
a)Ответьте на один из двух вопросов: Do we meet English in our everyday life? Where? Или Do you use English in your life?
b)Have you ever communicated with someone who doesn’t know your language? How did you communicate, what language did you use?
3. Прочитайте текст и найдите в тексте ответы на вопросы: How important is English? What’s its role?
English as a Global Language
People began to speak many centuries ago, and since then they have been speaking different languages. Every language reflects the soul, behaviour and temperament of each nationality. Peoples created
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their own alphabets and rules, but they always wanted to communicate with each other, to understand and to know more about each other.
Languages help people to understand each other better, they help them to solve different economic and political problems, which stand before them, and so people learn foreign languages.
All languages are different. Some are very hard, some are easier, some are similar, but there are no identical languages in the whole world. There are more than 2,700 languages in the world. Many of them are «alive» because people use them, but there are some «dead» languages, for example Latin.
What does a Global Language mean? It means a common language for the world. Having such a status, the global language has to be of great importance, influencing all the domains of the human activity in the world. For example, English dominates every field such as the media, foreign language teaching, business, etc. English can be called an international language because of its simple and wide use already.
The thinning of national borders due to globalization has made English a global communication tool. In one way or the other, every language is a pathway to understand its parent culture, because each language contains the unconscious assumption of that culture. This is certainly true of English which provides us an opportunity to know the culture that it generally represents. We learn it through various media including stories/fiction, movies, and so on.
While English is not an official language in most countries, it is currently the language most often taught as a second language around the world. However, now English is spoken practically all over the world. It is spoken as a mother tongue in Great Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. Besides, a lot of people speak English in Japan, India, China, Africa and many other countries.
Facts:
–Over one billion people speak English. That’s almost one fifth of the world’s population.
–For over 400 million it’s their first language.
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– For the other 600 million it’s either a second language or a foreign language.
Two thousand years ago, Latin was the world’s most important international language. Today this title belongs to English. English is the language of pop-culture, of tourism, of markets, of the Internet and trade. English is one of the official languages of the United Nations Organization and other political organizations. Nearly half of all business deals in Europe is conducted in English. It is the language of sports and glamour: the official language of the Olympics and the Miss Universe Competition. The largest broadcasting companies in the world (CBS, NBS, ABC, BBC) transmit in English to audiences that regularly exceed one hundred million.
Facts:
–Half of the world’s technical and scientific literature is in English.
–English is the medium for 80 per cent of the information stored in the world’s computers.
Several people speak English with their friends, and people get introduced to each other most often in English. English encompasses more than just a convenient means of communication among people around the world.
Facts:
– Over half of all personal letters/sms/E-mails are also written in English.
English language is a wonderful language. It’s the language of the great literature. It’s the language of William Shakespeare, Charles Dickens and others.
4. Ответьте на вопросы:
1.What are language functions?
2.How many languages are there in the world?
3.What requirements should global language meet?
4.How many people speak English as their first language, a second language or a foreign language?
5.What was the world’s most important international language two thousand years ago?
6.What events are held in English?
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7. Name famous English poets and writers. Can you add any other names?
5.Расскажите о месте английского языка в современном мире (2 минуты). Сначала еще раз просмотрите текст English as a Global Language, найдите и запишите информацию, касающуюся следующих вопросов: 1) who speaks English; 2) in what domains English is used; 3) English as an international language.
Используйте эти слова и фразы: Firstly/first of all, secondly, thirdly; For instance/for example; In short; In conclusion/To sum up.
6.Подумайте, по какой причине вы хотите изучать английский язык. Объясните, почему вы выбрали именно эти причины (можно с помощью примеров из вашей жизни). Затем расспросите других студентов об их причинах изучения английского языка, используя вопросы: What/how about you? Why did you choose these reasons?
Unit 2. Across the Continents and Countries
Part 1. Cultures and National Stereotypes
I. Прочитайте новые слова и их перевод:
Share – делить; разделять |
Reserved – сдержанный |
Area – район; область |
Courteous – вежливый, учтивый |
Regard – считать, расценивать |
Delicate – утонченный |
Scientifically-minded – с научным |
Open-hearted – чистосердечный, |
складом ума |
открытый |
Industrious – трудолюбивый |
Majority – большинство |
Solid – надежный |
Influence – влиять |
List – вносить в список, составлять |
Belonging – принадлежность |
список |
Trait – черта |
Tough – сильный, выносливый |
Feature – черта |
Suspicious – недоверчивый |
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1.Выберите 3 любых слова. Пользуясь словарями, найдите к ним как можно больше однокоренных слов. Прочитайте эти слова и их перевод группе. Пример: majority – большинство; major –
главный, значительный; majors – главные компании, монополии.
2.Прочитайте текст и объясните, что такое национальный характер.
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Cultures and National Stereotypes
A nation is a group of people who share common history and usually a language and usually, but not always, live in the same area. Culture can be described as our everyday life: how we communicate, what makes us happy and sad. It also includes our language, religion, traditions, behavior, way of life – in other words, what we do each day. People that belong to various nations may differ and they always differ from one another.
For example, the Germans are regarded as scientifically-minded and industrious, they’re always considered solid, intelligent and mathematical. There is a big amount of examples we can list about national character of different people. Proving the difference of the national stereotypes I want to compare Russian and English nations. There are a lot of features that vary. The Russians are industrious, tough, brave, progressive and suspicious. They are also considered to be over – patriotic (because of this reason they’re good soldiers), we are willing to respect opinion of other people.
Speaking about Englishmen I may note that they’re reserved, tradition-loving, courteous, honest etc. To my mind, they have a specific sense of humor. They say that they can’t understand our jokes and anecdotes not only because of the different meanings of the words, but because their humor is more delicate. Looking at these features of the Russians and the Englishmen it is not hard to mark out the differences. The Englishmen are reserved, but the Russians are open-hearted and communicative. The Englishmen are traditionloving and the Russians, to my mind, don’t keep their traditions in such a degree. There is a great majority of factors that influence the nation’s stereotype and its people’s character. People who live in the southern countries have less problems than those who live in the North and because of this they’re more cheerful and artistic. The history also has a great influence on the national character.
The National Character exists. It is not a myth, it’s a reality. But the National Character doesn’t describe the character of every person, it describes the character of people of nation in general. Every person has its own character, but according to the person’s belonging to some
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nation many traits of character are similar and these features may be explained as the national character.
3. a) Запишите все национальности из текста. Найдите и запишите прилагательные, которые описывают стереотипы в отношении этих национальностей. Ответьте на вопрос: What is your opinion, does national character exist?
b) Напишите 3 черты вашего характера (положительные). Сравните их со стереотипными чертами характера русских из текста/стереотипными чертами характера вашей националь-
ности. Ответьте на вопросы: Are there any differences? How do you think, why? Can we judge people of the other nation, thinking only about stereotypes? Why? Используйте эти фразы: In my opinion/view…; To my mind…; It seems to me that…; I think that…
Part 2. Russia
I. Прочитайте новые слова и их перевод:
I. Equal – быть равным
Border on – граничить с
Highland – нагорье Desert – пустыня Motherland – родина
Sweet – пресный (о воде) Include – включать в себя
Due to – благодаря, вследствие Mild – умеренный (о климате) Ferrous metals – черные металлы Non-ferrous metals – цветные металлы
Aerospace – аэрокосмическая промышленность
Aircraft – авиационный Chemical – химический
Coal-mining – угольная промышленность
II. Comprise – включать в себя Legislative – законодательной Executive – исполнительный Branch – зд. ветвь власти, власть
Judicial – судебный
Chamber – палата (учреждение)
Council – совет (орган
государственной власти)
To be headed – быть возглавляемым To be appointed – быть назначенным
To be approved – быть одобренным,
утвержденным
Court – суд
Supreme Court – верховный суд
Tricolor – трехцветный
Bicephalous – двуглавый Eagle – орел
Census – перепись
Influential – влиятельный
Irrespective – безотносительный, независимый
Raw material – сырье Immense – огромный
Provide – снабжать, обеспечивать
Cargo – груз Backwards – в обратном направлении
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1.Найдите и выпишите все слова, связанные со следующими темами: a) climate b) industry c) government.
2.Прочитайте текст и напишите его краткое изложение (5–6 предложений, иллюстрирующих основные идеи текста).
Russia
I. The official name of our country is the Russian Federation. It is the largest country in the world. No other country equals it in size. Our country is situated both in Europe and Asia. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometers.
Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans. In the south and in the west our country borders on 14 states. It also has sea borders with the USA and Japan.
The country has a great variety of flora and fauna. There are numerous forests, endless plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts on the Russian territory. The country’s highest mountains are the Caucasus, the Altai and the Urals.
In the Russian Federation there are over 2 million rivers. The longest of them are the Volga, the Lena, the Yenisei, the Ob, the Amur and some others. Our Motherland is also rich in lakes (over 200 000 lakes), with the deepest, oldest and unique lake of sweet (fresh) water in the world, the Baikal, included.
On the Russian territory there are 11 time zones. Due to the vast territory, the climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and mild to continental and subtropical.
Russia is one of the richest in the natural resources countries in the world: oil, gas, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals. It is also one of the highly developed agroindustrial powers in the world. The main industrial branches comprise aerospace, aircraft, atomic, machine building, ship building, automobile, chemical, coal-mining, metallurgical, electricalengineering, textile, food and some others.
II. The Russian Federation is a constitutional state headed by the President. It comprises over 80 subjects: two cities of the federal status (Moscow and St. Petersburg), several autonomous republics,
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