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7.If I had closed the window, the cat …………. (jump) out.

8.Had I known him, I …………… (talk) to him.

If you ……….. (save) some money, you would have been able to go on a holiday last year.

9.They would have helped us move house if we ………….. (ask) them.

10.We would have changed our plans if we ……….. (hear) the weather forecast.

11.Emma …………. (send) a card if she had remembered it was their anniversary.

15. Put each verb in brackets into a suitable verb form

1)Why didn’t you phone? If I (know) …had known.. you were coming I (meet) …… you at the airport. 2) It’s a pity you missed the party. If you (come) ………… , you (meet) ……….. my friends from Hungary. 3) It was a beautiful house and I (buy)

…………. it if I (have) ………….. the money, but I couldn’t afford it. 4) Thanks, if you (help) ………………. me, I (not/pass) ……….. the exam. 5) If we (have)

………… some tools with us yesterday, we (be able to)…………….. repair the car. 6) If Mark (train) …………….. better, he (can/win)……………. the last Olympics. 7) If Claire (listen) ……………. to her mother, she (not/marry) ……………. David in the first place.

16.Write conditional sentences based on the given fact.

1.He didn't give me his number, so I couldn't telephone him.

2.As the sun was in the right direction, the photographs came out very well.

3.The shop didn't pack the goods properly, so they got damaged.

4.He didn’t remember what had been said because he wasn't paying attention.

5.He wasn't able to answer all the questions, so he didn't pass the examination.

6.She forgot to water the plants, so they died.

7.They overslept and missed the train.

8.I forgot to give him the key so he had to wait for two hours.

9.He played that joke on his colleague so she was angry with him.

10.I was late for the lecture so I had to miss it.

11.John ate too much birthday cake, so he was sick.

12.The house didn't burn down because the fire brigade came immediately.

13.The men were wearing protective clothing, so they were all quite safe.

14.I was sweating because it was so hot.

15.My father didn't earn much money, so life wasn't easy for us.

16.I didn't enjoy school, so I didn't do very well.

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17.Rewrite these sentences using the words in brackets.

1.If I’d known all the facts, it’s possible that I wouldn’t have made that decision

(may)

2.If you gave me a hand, it would be possible for me to do this much more quickly. (could)

3.If you need any advice in the future, it’s possible that I’ll be able to give you some. (might)

4.If I’d applied earlier, it’s possible that I would have got the job. (might)

5.Concentrate and you probably won’t find this too difficult. (shouldn’t)

6.I have so much to do that I can’t relax. (could)

7.He got a green card and that’s why he was able to work in the USA. (couldn’t)

8.They sent it last week. I expected it to be here by now. (should)

18. Choose one of the following situations and write down what you would have done. Explain why you would have behaved in this way.

1.Fifteen-year-old Sue won two tickets for a trip round the world. She gave them to her grandparents.

2.Mrs. Cornfield hit the dog that jumped at her and made her dress dirty.

3.John didn't take his car to the garage although he noticed that it used too much petrol.

4.Joe drove home along a lonely country road last night. At the side of the road somebody was repairing his car. Joe didn't stop, he drove on.

19. Put in Type 3 conditionals throughout.

BOTH RIGHT AND BOTH WRONG

The black car screamed round the corner on the wrong side of the road and passed a white car doing exactly the same thing in the other direction. Both drivers stopped and got out of their cars. "If I (be) 1………………. on my side of the road, you (kill) 2………………. me," driver A shouted. "But you weren't on your side of the road," driver В shouted back. "If you (driving) 3………… more carefully, you (not be) 4………………. on the wrong side of the road." "If I (know) 5 ………………… what was round the corner, I (keep) 6………………… to my side of the road, " driver A said. "If you (know) 7 ……………. what was round the corner, you (not drive) 8…………………. so carelessly." Suddenly, both men stopped shouting and driver A said, very quietly,

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"If we both (not be)9 ……………….. on the wrong side of the road, we (be) 10…………………. dead now." Without speaking a further word, both men shook hands and drove away.

20. Read the following letter. For each number, write a sentence, using if.

Dear Alison,

It was great to hear from you. Thanks for the congratulations and good wishes. I’ll pass them on to Charlie when I see him at the weekend. Of course we’re very excited about getting married, and frantically busy too, needless to say.

You ask how we met. Well, it’s quite a funny story. Do you remember I failed one of my final exams? That means I had to spend part of the summer in college. (1) And that meant I couldn’t go on holiday with my family. The travel company refused to give us a refund because we cancelled too late. (2) I was pretty fed up about it. Then something nice happened. Ii think the travel agent felt sorry for me, because he had failed his final exam when he was a student. (3) Anyway, he had a cancellation on a tour which started later in the summer. So, he was able to transfer my booking. (4) I was really pleased. My father was too, as transferring the booking meant his money hadn’t been wasted. (5) So, I went on this tour. And I met this young man. He was on his own too. He told me his girlfriend should have been with him, but they’d had a row and she’d refused to come. (6) We were the only ones traveling alone, so we found ourselves going around the sights together. (7)

He hadn’t read about the places we were visiting and I spent most of my time telling him about them. (8) And that was it really. We found we’d fallen in love. Wasn’t it lucky I failed that exam? That’s how I met my future husband! (9)

Now I must rush off and do some shopping. Will you come and stay soon? It’d be lovely if you could meet Charlie. Write soon. What have you been up to recently? Lots of love,

Cherry

e.g. 1) If she hadn’t failed one of her final exams she wouldn’t have had to spend part of the summer in college

21. Make the sentences complete by using either Type 2 or 3 Conditional.

1) But for the strained circumstances………….. 2) But for my boss’s recommendation……………. 3) But for unfavourable weather…………. 4) But for

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Charles’s profound knowledge………….. 5) But for her intelligence and smartness………………. 6) But for the house being too big………………. 7) But for the manager’s competence……………… 8) But for the children being left alone in the house………………. 9) But for the pizza being too spicy…………………..10) But for Francis’s dark suspicions…………………. 11) But for this awkward misunderstanding …………….. 12) But for the girl being too sophisticated………………… 13) But for English being so universally popular………………….. 14) But for the lovely and unexpected surprise………………….. 15) But for the tiresome hurly-burly of the city…………………

22. Translate into English.

1) Если бы ты оставил мне записку, я бы зашёл к тебе вчера. 2) Мы бы не опоздали на поезд, если бы взяли такси. 3) Если бы я не был так занят на прошлой неделе, я бы тоже присоединился к вашей экскурсии. 4) Если бы он не отказался помочь нам, мы бы уже закончили работу. 5) Если бы её попросили, она давно прислала бы эти книги. 6) Если бы вчера не было так холодно, мы, возможно, пошли бы на каток. 7) Мы, возможно, не заблудились бы, если бы ночь не была такой тёмной. 8) Если бы ты пришел вчера на собрание, ты бы услышал интересный доклад. 9) Если бы я знал, что тебе нужна эта книга, я бы захватил её с собой. 10) Я бы не сделал эту ошибку, если бы был более внимателен, когда писал диктант. 11) Даже если бы ты позвонил мне вчера, я не смог бы прийти. 12) Я бы не упал, если бы не было так скользко. 13) Он бы не пришел, если бы ты его не пригласил. 14) Мне потребовалось много времени, чтобы перевести эту статью. Если бы вы дали мне хороший словарь, я бы потратил меньше времени. 15) Я был бы очень рад, если бы вы зашли к нам вчера. 16) Этого бы не случилось, если бы вы были там. 17) Если бы мне сообщили об этом раньше, я бы сделал всё возможное, чтобы помочь вам. 18) Если бы вы пришли сюда между двумя и тремя часами, вы бы застали его. 19) Почему вы не позвали его? Я уверен, что он пришёл бы, если бы вы его позвали. 20) Если бы я так не волновалась, я бы ответила лучше. 21) Если бы он завёл будильник, он бы не проспал и не опоздал бы на самолёт. 22) Если бы я вчера не искупалась, то я бы, возможно, не простудилась. 23) Если бы я не пропустил столько занятий, я бы написал тест лучше. 24) Я бы навестила тебя вчера, если бы у меня было больше времени. 25) Если бы мы заказали билеты заранее, мы смогли бы увидеть этот захватывающий матч. 26) Я бы помог тебе, если бы ты

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обратился ко мне за помощью. 27) Если бы я не был так занят вчера, я бы поехал на вокзал проводить его. 28) Даже если бы ты предупредил меня заранее, я не смог бы придти, так как был очень занят.

MIXED TYPES

We can form mixed Conditionals, if the contest permits it, by combining an if-clause from one type with a main clause from another. Study and memorize the following chart:

23. Rewrite the sentences as in the example.

e.g. He doesn’t know her. That’s why he didn’t speak to her. → If he knew her, he would have spoken to her.

1.He lost his job. He is unemployed now.

2.His pet died. That’s why he is unhappy now.

3.She doesn’t have a mobile phone. That’s why she couldn’t be contacted yesterday.

4.Tom didn’t see the boss earlier. He’s waiting for him now.

5.He is allergic to seafood. That’s why he didn’t eat paella last night.

6.I lost my map. That’s why I’m asking for directions.

7.She doesn’t speak French. She didn’t have a good time in Paris.

8.He lost the race. He is not a champion now.

9.She didn’t go to the bank yesterday. That’s why she hasn’t got any money now.

10.They went to a party last night. That’s why they are tired now.

11.I crashed my car. That’s why I’m taking the bus today.

12.You didn’t tell me earlier that we are going to the cinema tonight.

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13.The ship left Plymouth yesterday so it will be in Spain now.

14.She is so disorganized that she missed the deadline.

15.They were painting the house all day so they are covered in paint now.

16.He is not an honest person so he didn’t tell the truth.

24.Put the verbs in brackets into the correct forms.

1) It was the drug, not the disease that killed him. He still (be) alive today if he (not take) that drug. 2) This room's freezing because the fire has only just been lit. — If it (be lit) this morning, as I suggested, the room (be) warm enough to sit in now. 3) I overslept; that's why I'm half an hour late; and if my phone (not ring) at nine o'clock I might still be in bed. 4) Why are you in such a bad temper? — Because I've been waiting for 40 minutes in an icy wind. If you (wait) 40 minutes in an icy wind you (be) bad-tempered, too. 5) When the weather got bad the climbing party turned back, all except Tom and his brothers, who decided to go on. If only they (turn) back with the. others they (be) alive today. 6) You are not practical. If you (be) practical you (not buy) such a useless thing. 7) She is not careful. If she (be) careful she (not get) into trouble. 8) She looks tired. If she (not work) all the time she (not look) so tired now.

25. Translate into English.

1) Если бы он занимался регулярно весь семестр, он бы не боялся экзаменов. 2) Если бы мы знали его адрес, мы бы сообщили ему о результатах экзаменов вчера. 3) Он бы не делал столько ошибок сейчас, если бы не пропустил столько занятий. 4) Ты бы себя хорошо сегодня чувствовал, если бы принял вчера лекарство. 5) Вы бы лучше знали язык, если бы прочитали летом несколько английских книг. 6) Если бы мы работали вчера больше, наша работа была бы сейчас готова. 7) Не будь он таким рассеянным, он не забыл бы свой чемодан в поезде. Он без конца теряет вещи. 8) Если бы мы послали письмо вчера, они бы получили его завтра утром. 9) Если бы мы не шли так быстро, то не были бы такими усталыми сейчас и могли бы продолжить наш путь. 10) Если бы я принёс словарь с собой, то смог бы перевести этот документ сейчас. 11) Если бы я не пошёл к ним вчера, мы бы ничего не знали об этом даже теперь. 12) Будь у него чувство юмора, он бы не обиделся. 13) Если бы поезд вышел вовремя, он прибыл бы в конечный пункт завтра рано утром. 14) Если бы вы выполнили все предписания врача, вы давно бы выздоровели и работали сейчас вместе с нами. 15) Если бы они любили друг друга, они бы давно поженились.

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REVISION

26.Put the verbs into the correct tense, and then identify the types of conditionals, as in the example.

1.If you don’t put up (not/ put up) this shelf, you won’t have anywhere to put your books. (1st type)

2.If he _____________ (change) jobs, he would be a lot happier.

3.If I were you, I __________ (tell) her how you feel.

4.If you continue to shout so loudly, you _________ (wake up) the baby.

5.Even if he __________ (ask) them, they wouldn’t have agreed to come.

6.Unless you ___________ (feel) any better, you can take the rest of the day off.

7.If she ______________ (not/threaten) him, he wouldn’t have left.

8.I _____________ (not/trust) him if I were you.

9.If you’re patient for a few minutes, I ____________ (be able) to finish this.

10.He ____________ (not/go) with her if he had known she would behave so irresponsibly.

11.I wouldn’t have been able to it unless she _____________ (help) me.

12.Sometimes if you ____________ (take) a chance, it pays off.

13.If he _____________ (wake up) earlier, he wouldn’t have been late for work.

14.If they will go on making so much noise, I __________ (have to) punish them

15.If we _____________ (intend) to spend the day in London, we would have bought a day pass.

16.Keep your voice down in case he __________ (overhear) us.

17.If she ___________ (be) more experienced, she would be more likely to get the job.

18.If the food ____________ (not/be) so bad, we wouldn’t have complained.

19.Sales will increase provided that the advertising campaign __________ (be) successful.

20.If you __________ (spend) less on clothes, you would be able to save some money.

27.Complete the second sentence so that it means the same as the first, using the words given.

1.Write my address down because you might want to contact me. (case) – Write my address down in case you want to contact me.

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2. I’ll lend you the money but you must give it back to me next week. (long) – I’ll lend you the money ……………………………. it back to me next week.

3. You can ask me a thousand times but I’ll never agree.(even) – I’ll never agree

…………………. Me a thousand times.

4. If you don’t work hard, you won’t get anywhere in life. (unless) – You won’t get anywhere in life ……………………….. hard.

5. To catch that train we must leave now. (providing) – We’ll catch that train

……… now.

6. He hasn’t got a lot of money but he’d be unhappy anyway. (even) – He’d be unhappy ……………………. a lot of money.

7. I’ll be polite to him but he must be polite to me. (provided) – I’ll be polite to him …………………. polite to me.

8. If she doesn’t get promoted soon, she’ll leave the company. (unless) – She’ll leave the company ………………………… soon.

9. Let’s talk about this now because we might not have an opportunity later. (case)

– Let’s talk about this now ……………………… an opportunity later.

10. I didn’t run all the way there but I would have been late anyway. (even) – I would have been late …………………………….. all the way there.

28. Rewrite these sentences, using one of the words or phrases below. Give as many

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8.He told me that I could use his computer but that I had to be careful with it. -

……..

29.The following sentences are the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Conditional. Put the verbs in brackets into appropriate form.

1.We wanted to go out yesterday but the weather was terrible. If it had been (be) a nice day, we would have gone (go) for a picnic.

2.Why don’t you explain everything to him? If you ………………… (not/tell) him the truth, I’m sure you ……………… (regret) it one day.

3.Jennifer was here not long ago. If you ……………….. (come round) earlier, you ………….. (see) her.

4.Apparently the ferry company are going to close the port in this town. If that

……………. (happen), the town …………… (lose) a great deal of money.

5.I …………… (help) you with it if I ……………… (have) more time but I’m afraid I haven’t got any spare time at all at the moment.

6.The government is expecting to win the next election but if …………. (lose), the Prime Minister ……………… (resign) from politics.

7.I’m so glad you took me to your friend’s party. If we ………… (not/go) there, I

…………….. (never/meet) Adrian.

8.It’s ridiculous that trains are so expensive. If fares ………… (be) cheaper, I’m sure more people ………………. (use) the train and leave their cars at home.

9.If she …………….. (get) that job she’s applied for, she …………(be)

delighted. And I think she’s got a good chance of getting it.

10.Fortunately the explosion took place at night when the streets were empty. It

…………… (be) a disaster if it …………… (happen) in the middle of the day.

11.The talks between the two leaders keep breaking down. If they ……………..

(break down) again, it is possible that there ……………. (be) a war between the two countries.

12.If Alison ……………. (know) anything about car mechanics, I’m sure she

………………. (help us) fix the car, but i think she knows even less than we do.

13.They’ve been married for twenty years now but I don’t think she

……………….. (marry) him if she ……………… (know) what a selfish man he was.

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14.Children spend too much time watching television and playing computer games. I’m sure they ……………… (be) happier if they ……………. (spend) more time playing outside.

15.Jamie has everything he wants but he’s always moaning. I’m sure that if he

………….. (have) so much money, I ……………… (not moan) all the time.

30.Underline the correct form of the verb.

My brother Kevin has always been a fitness fanatic. He believes that if you look after/looked after your body, it will look after you. Whenever anyone is ill, he says/will say, “If they’d taken care of themselves, they wouldn’t get/wouldn’t have got ill. And the same thing happens/will happen to me if I didn’t keep fit/don’t keep fit.” I would often say to him, “If I were you, Kevin, I would try/would have tried to slow down a little bit. You will wear yourself out.”

Last month, however, I went to the doctor’s and he told me that I was unfit. He said that if I don’t start/didn’t start taking regular exercise, I would be/would have been in danger of becoming ill. I started going to gym with Kevin and, after a week, I said to him, “I feel better already. If I knew/had known how good it feels to exercise, I would start/would have started years ago!”

31. The following are quotations from interviews in which famous people talk about their lives. Rewrite them using first, second third or mixed conditionals. Try to use more than one phrasing.

1.“I might stop being famous but it won’t worry me.” – If I …………………………

2.“I am having a wonderful time because I’m doing a lot of interesting things.” – If I …………………………………………………………………………………

3.“I’m rich and famous because the public likes me.” – If the public ……………...

4.“I became extremely famous because I was lucky” – But for …………………….

5.“People go to see my films because they are entertaining.” – If my films

………………………………………………………………………………………

6.“I only got to the top because I have a lot of talent.” – But for …………………..

7.“I don’t know why my music is so popular, so I can’t explain it.” – If I

………………………………………………………………………………………

8.“I might win an award and then I’ll be very pleased.” – If I ……………………...

9.“I’m successful today because I was determined to succeed when I was younger.”

– If I ………………………………………………………………………………...