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7.It …………………… (announce) yesterday that the government has decided not to raise income tax.

8.Good news! I ……………………. (ask) to take over as the new manager.

9.I don't believe that this play ………………… (write) by Shakespeare

10.Ann really likes …………………. (invite) to dinner parties.

15. Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first sentence, using the word given. Do not change the word given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given.

supplied Our company ……………………… by Smith Ltd. 3. William the Conqueror built the castle in the 11th century.

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16. Complete this text by putting in the correct passive forms of the verbs in brackets.

Rugby Union

Rugby is a team game that 1 …………………….. (play) in Britain since the middle of the 19th century. According to legend, it 2 ……………… (invent) at Rugby School in England in 1823 by a boy who 3 …………………… (call) William Webb Ellis. A game of football 4 …………………. (play) at the school when Webb Ellis suddenly picked up the ball and ran with it. This story might 5 ……………….. (make up) but it 6 ………………… (tell) whenever the history of the game 7 …………….

(explain).

Towards the end of the 19th century, official rules for the game 8 ……………..

(write) and it began 9 ……………….. (play) in more and more countries, such as France, Australia, New Zealand and South Africa. International matches and tours 10

…………… (organize) since the beginning of the 20th century and since 1987 a World Cup tournament 11 ……………… (hold). At present, more and more countries

12 ………………… (add) to the list of those that take part in the tournament. Television audiences for international matches are high and it is hoped that the game 13

………………. (watch) by even more people in the future.

Until 1995, Rugby Union was an amateur game but the top players said that they were in favour of 14 ………………………. (pay) to play and that the sport should 15

……………………. (turn into) a professional one. Despite various problems, this seems 16 ………………… (do) successfully and the sport is growing in popularity, with spectator numbers rising in Britain and elsewhere.

In Rugby Union, there are 15 players in each team and different skills

17……………… (require) in each position. People of all shapes and sizes 18

…………………. (attract) to the game because some positions 19………………. (suit) to very big people while others can 20 ……………. (fill) by smaller people.

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17. Look carefully at each line. Some of the lines are correct, and some have a word which should not be there. Tick each correct line. If a line has a word which should not be there, write the word in the space.

18. a) Translate into English using the Active Voice.

1. Послушай. Звонит телефон. 2. Куда ты торопишься? — В кино. Мой друг ждёт меня около кинотеатра. 3. Кому принадлежит этот дом? — Это дом моего дяди.

4. С кем она разговаривает? — Со своим начальником. 5. Пока я готовила обед,

мой муж чинил автомобиль. 6. Когда ты писал родителям в последний раз? —

Месяц назад. 7. Мы жили в Москве 10 лет, а потом переехали в Минск. 8. Когда я вошёл в зал, студенты всё ещё обсуждали первый доклад. 9. Мальчик упал в воду, когда ловил рыбу. 10. Пять лет назад я имел обыкновение рано вставать.

11. Он был очень занят, когда я его видел, так как на следующий день он уезжал

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в командировку. 12. Я потерял ключи. Вы их не видели? — Поищите на том письменном столе. Там лежат два ключа. Возможно, они ваши. 13. Нина чем-то огорчена. — Да, она готовилась к экзамену целую неделю, но получила тройку. 14. Где ты был вчера вечером? — Я ходил навестить своего друга. Он уже две недели болеет. 15. Наконец я нашёл справочник. Я искал его везде. 16. Мы выполняем лабораторную работу уже полчаса. Некоторые студенты уже закончили её. 17.

Пока мы шли со станции, он успел рассказать мне обо всём, что произошло со времени моего отъезда. 18. Как только я заказал номер в гостинице, я поехал на завод. 19. Она дала мне письмо только после того, как я назвал своё имя. 20.

Преподаватель сказал, что произношение ученика улучшилось после работы в лингафонном кабинете. 21. Я пойду прогуляться прежде, чем лягу спать. 22.

Пока я буду убирать квартиру, ты будешь готовить обед. 23. Я не знаю, придёт ли Нина. 24. Когда у тебя следующее занятие по немецкому языку? — В среду.

— Ты собираешься на нём присутствовать? — Нет, в среду утром я уезжаю в командировку в Лондон. — Сколько времени ты там пробудешь? — Около двух недель. Я очень сожалею, что мне придётся пропустить занятия по немецкому языку. 25. Я завтра устраиваю вечернику. — Сколько человек придёт на вечеринку? — Около десяти. — Мне остаться и помочь тебе? — Да, пожалуйста.

Это очень любезно с твоей стороны. 26. Сколько времени вы женаты? — В

будущем году исполнится десять лет, как я женат. 27. Сколько времени вы работаете на этом заводе? — В мае исполнится пять лет, как я здесь работаю.

b) Translate using the Passive Voice.

28) Ребёнка оставили дома одного. Интересно, что он сейчас делает? 29) Кто сказал вам, что их видели в Сити? 30) На эту картину всегда смотрят с интересом. 31) Пока вы будете в отъезде, за вашими детьми присмотрят. 32) Нас провели в комнату и пригласили сесть. 33) Джейн решила, что придёт на вечеринку, если её пригласят. 34) Советую тебе прочитать статью, которая напечатана в сегодняшней газете на третьей странице. 35) Её заставили признать, что во всём виновата она. 36) Рейс был задержан на три часа из-за тумана. 37) Его речь будет передана по радио завтра. 38) Когда я вернулся в

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этот южный город, здание оперного театра всё ещё строилось. 39) На его приезд никто не обратил никакого внимания. 40) Сейчас больше денег тратится на еду,

чем на одежду. 41) Им сказали, что ему сообщили об этом слишком поздно. 42)

На него можно положиться? 43) Эти документы хранятся в течение многих лет.

44) Мэри чувствовала, что от неё скрывают что-то очень важное.

REVISION: MODAL VERBS

I.Uses of modals to express ability and inability

1.Supply can, could, can’t, couldn’t, was/were able to, managed to. Suggest as many alternatives as possible.

1) A good 1500-metre runner ______ run the race in under four minutes. 2) Bill is so unfit he ______ run at all!

3) Our baby is only nine months and he ______ already stand up.

4) When I was younger, I _______ speak Italian much better than I ______ now. 5)_____ she speak German very well? - No, she ______ speak German at all.

6) He ______ draw or paint at all when he was a boy, but now he's a famous artist. 7) After weeks of training, I ________ swim a length of the baths underwater.

8) It took a long time, but in the end Tony ________ save enough to buy his own hi-fi. 9) Did you buy any fresh fish in the market? - No, I ______ get any.

10) For days the rescuers looked for the lost climbers in the snow. On the fourth day they saw them and _________ reach them without too much trouble.

2. Put in suitable forms which express ability.

JOURNEY'S END

The journey to Western Papua had been very hard. We 1…had not been able to … make much progress in the heavy rain and we 2 ………… only cross rivers with great difficulty. After two month's journey, we 3 …………. see smoke in the distance and knew we must be near a village. There was another boiling river in front of us, but we 4………cross it by using a rope bridge we had brought with us. At last we approached the village and wondered how we 5 …………… communicate with the chief. None of us 6 ………….. speak the local language. Soon, a young, dignified and smiling man approached us. '7 ………….. you speak English?' I asked hopefully. 'Of course,' the young man replied. 'I was educated at Oxford University. I'm Chief Naga. Welcome to my village!'

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II.Uses of modals (etc.) to express permission and prohibition

3.Make suitable requests for permission in these situations.

1.You are visiting a close friend and you want to make yourself some coffee.

2.You are visiting an acquaintance and want to use the lavatory.

3.You are at a party given by people you hardly know. You want to see their garden.

4.You are visiting people you know reasonably well. You want to make a phone call.

5.You are visiting a close friend and want to borrow his new car.

4.Rephrase these notices to give or refuse permission. Begin each sentence with You. Eg: It’s Not allowed to speak here. You must not speak here.

1.Thank you for not smoking ....

2.No camping or picnicking

3.Fishing strictly forbidden

4.Campers welcome

5.Private - Keep Out

6.Do not lean out of the window

7.Leave your litter here

8.No stopping

5. Supply suitable forms which express permission, prohibition or ability.

What would you advise?

Mrs. Wilkins is on a strict diet. “1…Am I allowed to… eat toast and butter for breakfast?” she asked her doctor. “I’m afraid not, Mrs. Wilkins. You 2……………

only have half a grapefruit and a glass of water. You certainly 3…………. Any kind of fat and you 4 ……………. eat biscuits or sweets. But don’t worry, you 5…………..

what you like after two months of this diet.” Mrs. Wilkins was very determined and took a lot of exercise as well. After two months’ diet and exercise she said to her husband, “I still 6……………… touch my toes as I 7……………. before we married.” “Don’t worry, my love,” he said kindly. “Perhaps your fingernails were longer in those days.”

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III.Uses of modals to express certainty, possibility and deduction

6.Put 'certain', 'almost certain', 'fairly certain' or 'very uncertain' beside these sentences.

1.The phone's ringing. It's Roland. … certain…

2.The phone's ringing. It might be Roland. …………………………………

3.A car is parking outside our house. That will be the Kennedys. ………...

4.A car is parking outside our house. That must be the Kennedys. ………..

5.From your description, the person you met would have been my cousin, Jeff.

…………………………………………………………………………....

6.From your description, the person you met can't have been my cousin Jeff .

………………………………………………………………………...

7.If I have understood you correctly, Jeff should be my second cousin. …

8.Are you saying it mightn't be possible for me to get a visa to visit the USA?

………………………………………………………………………….

9.If he spent five years in America, he must speak English, I suppose. …..

10.My boss is away on holiday. His wife may be with him. ………………

11.She will be back next week. …………………………………………….

12.He could reply by the weekend. …………………………………………

13.She's returned from vacation. She might have been to Paris. …………..

14.He could be swimming right now. ……………………………………….

15.He'll come back in a good mood. ………………………. ……………….

16.He might leave this evening. …………………………………………….

17.They've been staying at a big hotel. ……………………………………..

18.They may have been dancing all night. …………………………………

19.He borrowed my ladder. …………………………………………………

20.He could have borrowed my ladder. ……………………………………

7.Turn these “certain” statements into “possible/less than certain” statements.

1.He is at home now.→ He can be at home. He may be at home.

2.He will be at home tomorrow.

3.He was at home yesterday.

4.She leaves at 9.

5.She will leave tomorrow.

6.She has left.

7.She left last night.

8.She will have left by 9.

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9.He is working today.

10.He will be working today.

11.He was working today.

12.He has been working all day.

8.Make sentences according to the model.

Model: All shops are closed. – It must be Sunday.

Nell is crying. — She must be having some problems. The girl turned pale. — She must have been frightened.

1.He lives in a cell. 2. They're shouting at each other. 3.I don't think he is telling the truth. 4. I can't find my purse anywhere. 5. The dress is gorgeous.

6.The leaves on the trees are golden. 7. The two sisters look alike. 8. The little girl is blowing out the candles on the cake. 9. I phoned you last night but I got no answer. 10. He was shining like a new penny. 11. Everybody is congratulating the producer. 12. The patient is in the maternity ward of the hospital. 13. The creature is green and has an antenna on its head. 14. The audience is shouting for more. 15. The hotel had no vacancies.

9.Open the brackets using the right form of the infinitive after the verb must.

1. He looks intelligent. He must (be) a good chess player. 2. They must still (play chess), they really must (make) a break. 3. Ted looks upset. He must (lose) the game again. 4. The friends must (play) chess non-stop the whole day. 5. "Something must (keep) the children," said Aunt Molly. "They must still (look) for the dog." 6. She went red in the face. She must (offend). 7. He must (know) about her state of mind long before, but finally he came to say that they must (do) something about it. 8.I realized that it must (be) a wrong word to use in a lady's presence, and that now I must (apologize). 9. He must never (be) poor. How should he know what poverty is? 10. The Browns must (fail) to get in touch with us. 11. The children must never (suffer), however difficult the situation may be. 12. Janice's number is still engaged. She must (be) on the phone all morning. 13. The Dean must (misunderstand) me. I didn't really mean that. 14. "Oh, you mustn't (go) yet." he protested. "You must (come) and see my new kitchen." — "Oh, it must (cost) you a fortune with all those new prices!" 15. She must really (make) your life unbearable all these years.

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10. Translate into English using must.

A. 1. Вы должны следовать инструкции и ни в коем случае не должны нажимать на эту кнопку. 2. Чтобы преподавать грамматику, вы должны понять, что язык — это система. 3. Чтобы приготовить хороший торт, нужно сначала хорошенько взбить яйца. 4. Он, должно быть, очень силен. Посмотрите на его бицепсы. Он, по всей видимости, тренируется уже много лет. 5. Ты не должна приходить домой так поздно. Ты, должно быть, не можешь понять, что это опасно. 6. Он, должно быть, не узнал её. Жизнь, вероятно, была сурова к ней. 7. Диктор, должно быть, неправильно произнёс это трудное японское имя. 8. Луиза, должно быть, опять влюбилась. Достаточно просто посмотреть на неё. 9. Раненый, должно быть, был без сознания несколько дней, прежде чем охотники нашли его. 10. Дома, наверное, опять никого нет. Видимо, все ушли на концерт. 11. Извините, но вы, должно быть, либо неправильно услышали, либо неправильно истолковали мои слова. 12. — Марина, по всей видимости, ждёт нас у клуба. 13. Вам нужно уходить. Вы, должно быть, устали. 15. Он, должно быть, в полном неведении, что ситуация кардинально переменилась. 16. Они не могли жить друг без друга. Должно быть, это была любовь.

11. Insert can (not), could (not), be able to. In some cases there can be more than one answer.

1. …... you tell me the time, please? 2. No more for me thanks. I ….... eat another thing. 3. Who is that outside? It …... be the policeman — he has already been here. 4. I …….. open the drawer in my desk as it was stuck. 5. You ……... make an omelette without breaking eggs. 6. We loved the cake. ……. you give us the recipe for it? 7. Mr. Marshall is busy this week, but he …….... see you next week. 8. It ……... be 12 o'clock already! 9. We told him he …….... leave whenever he wanted to. 10. I'll get a car of my own as soon as I …….... drive. 11. Interpreters ………... translate without thinking. 12. It would help if you …………... give me friendly advice. 13. Sometimes gossiping ……….. be a real pleasure. 14. He promises he ………….. inform us of the turn of events in future. 15. Angela ………….. speak French when she was four, she

……….... do it now and she …………. speak it perfectly in some years. 16. He

………….. sell his car unless he reduces the price. 17. My aunt ………….... tell fortunes from tea leaves.

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12. Paraphrase the following, using can or may in the necessary form.

1. I wish you would mind your speech. 2. We are upset that he didn't apologize. 3. Daniel wished you had warned him. 4. Nancy's mother wishes her daughter were not so messy. 5. I'm annoyed she didn't offer to help. 6. He wished she would remember to write down his address. 7. I think it was wrong of them not to invite us. 8. Nobody believes that he built the house all by himself. 9. Would you mind my using your fax? 10. I don't believe that he is so sensitive. 11. Is it in your authority to cancel the flight?

12.It’s irritating the way he treats his wife. 13. Dick thinks it was wrong of her not to consult him. 14. I think you would remember to send Christmas cards. 15. Evidently they didn't notice us, or they would have greeted us. 16. Is it possible that he should have been so tough? 17. She is crying, perhaps the boss was rude to her. 18. Nobody believes that they have left the country for good. 19. I don't believe that he has done the work carelessly. 20. Perhaps, you changed at the wrong station, that's why it took you so long to get here. 21. I think he will be able to substitute for you in case you shouldn't come. 22. Is it not in your power to change the time-table? 23. Most probably he did not see you; otherwise he would have come up to you. 24. Perhaps, I shall have to take him to hospital; it is possible that he has broken his arm. 25. Why blame her? Maybe she did not know it was so urgent. 26. It is impossible that she has wrongly interpreted your words. 27. I suppose they were unable to get in touch with you. 28. Would you mind my smoking here?

13.Translate into English using may/might.

1. Вы, возможно, правы, но я всё-таки не могу согласиться с вами. 2. Возможно, он получит первую премию. 3. Мне, возможно, понравится этот фильм, хотя я не люблю боевики. 4. Она, возможно, сумеет сдать историю английского языка с первого раза. 5. Она, возможно, смогла бы пройти интервью, если бы постаралась. 6. — Могу я взглянуть на фото? — Да, конечно. 7.Не могла бы я пройти сегодня в банк без пропуска? 8. Вы, возможно, неправильно истолковали мои слова. 9. Когда врач сказал, что я могу покинуть больницу, то я просто не мог поверить в это. 10. Ужасно, возможно, ты забыл как её зовут.

14. Translate into English using can.

1. Она никогда не может прийти вовремя. 2. Нельзя игнорировать влияние всеобщей компьютеризации. 3. Они были счастливы, что сумели помочь друзьям. 4. — Ты можешь ей помочь? — Мог бы, если бы хотел. 5. Она не могла заставить себя приняться за работу. 6. Петр не посоветовался с отцом, а ведь он