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Ex. 18. Put the verb in brackets (…) in the correct form, active or passive

Here is the local news for Friday. February 14th. Last night in Cowford many trees (1)…were..blown... (blow) down in the storm. One tree (2)...fell..(fall) across the main road into Cowford. It (3).....….. (take) away by the fire service

Carol Black. Carol, what's happening? Well, the situation this morning is better, and nearly back to normal. The last few cars (8)......…..(remove) by the emergency services at the moment. And I can see the telephone engineers at work. The broken lines (9).....…..... (repair). The traffic.…......now...…...(move) in and out of the town along the main roads. Thank you Carol. And now one piece of good news. Yesterday evening, a black BMW (11)..........….(steal) from outside the home of Mr. John Simpson. Mr. Simpson (12)......…....(telephone) the police. Later that evening, the car (13)...............(see) in the High Street by Mr. Simpson's wife, Laura. It was outside the Red Lion Hotel. The keys were in the car, so she (14)…........(drive) it home! The police (15).....…...(look) for a

fourth time! A few minutes ago the referee (17)…….….(blow) the whistle at the end of the game against Grimeton. Our reporter at the match, Kevin Anderson,

(18)……….(wait) to talk to us at the stadium. STUDIO: Kevin, (19)…………

(be) it a good game? KEVIN: Yes. excellent, very fast but unfortunately a bit

(22)……… (hurt) when he, (23)…..….(crash) into one of the goalposts. He (24)………… (take) off the field with leg injuries, so both teams (25)………..

(play) with ten men for the last few minutes. STUDIO: Is he all right? KEVIN:

Well, we don't know. He (26)…………(take) to hospital at this moment. The manager (27)................. (think) it's serious. STUDIO: Oh dear. That's a bad end :o the match for Grimeton. What (28)..........….. (happen) now in the stadium? KEVIN: The Cowford players (29) ............…. (walk) up the steps to receive the Champions Cup. And now back to the studio.

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III. MODAL VERBS. МОДАЛЬНЫЕ ГЛАГОЛЫ

MODAL VERBS can (could)

could

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Examples: George has travelled a lot. He can speak four languages. I haven’t been able to sleep very well recently.

1.Tom … drive but he hasn’t got a car.

2.I can’t understand Martin. I’ve never … understand him.

3.I used to … stand on my head but I can’t do it now.

4.Ask Ann about your problem. She should … help you.

5.Sandra … drive but she hasn’t got a driving license.

6.I can’t see you on Friday but I … meet you on Saturday morning.

7.Ask Catherine this question. She might … answer you.

8.Tom … speak Spanish but he can’t write Spanish.

9.My grandmother loves music. She … play piano very well.

10.My brother have … to read since four years.

Ex. 2. This time you have to answer the question with was/ were able to

Example: Did you persuade them?

Yes. It was difficult but we were able to persuade them.

1.Did they find your house?

Yes. It took them a long time but they … .

2.Did you win the match?

Yes. It wasn’t easy but I … .

3.Did the thief escape?

Yes. The policemen chased the thief but he … .

4.Did everybody escape from the fire?

Yes. Although the fire spread quickly, everybody … .

5.Did you have difficulty finding Ann’s house?

Not really. Ann had given us good directions and we … .

6.Did you finish your work this afternoon?

Yes. There was nobody was to disturb me, so … .

7.Did the robber get away?

Yes. No one realize what was happening and the robber … .

Ex. 3. Now you have to complete the sentence with could, was/were able to or couldn’t

Example: My grandmother was very clever. She could speak five languages. I looked everywhere for the book but I couldn’t find it .

The fire spread quickly but everyone was able to escape.

1.I looked everywhere for the dog but I … find it.

2.They didn’t come with us at first but we … to persuade them.

3.Laura had hurt her leg and … walk very well.

4.Sue wasn’t at home when I phoned but I … contact her at her office.

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5.I looked very carefully and I … see a figure in the distance.

6.I wanted to buy some tomatoes. The first shop I went to didn’t have any but I … get some in the next shop.

7.My grandmother loved music. She … play the piano very well.

8.A girl fell into the river but fortunately we … rescue her.

9.I had forgotten to bring my camera so I … take any photographs .

Ex. 4. Read the situation and write what you would say. Use the words given in brackets

Example: You’ve got a pound note but you need some change. You ask somebody to help you. (Can you… ?) Can you change a pound?

1.You want to borrow your friend’s camera. What do you say to him/her? (Could I … ?)

2.You have a car and you want to give somebody a lift. What do you say?

(Can I …?)

3.You have to go to the airport but you don’t know how to get there . You ask a passer-by. (Could you … ?)

4.You are telephoning the owner of the flat which was advertised in newspaper. You are interested in the flat and you want to come and see it today. (Do you think I can… ?)

5.You have to carry heavy boxes upstairs. Ask somebody to help you. (Do you think you could … ?)

6.A friend has just come to see you in your flat. Offer him something to drink.

(Can I … ?)

7.You want your friend to show you how to change the film in your camera.

What do you say to him/her? (Could you … ?)

8.You are on a train. The woman next to you has finished reading her newspaper. Now you want to have a look at it. What do you say? (Could you… ?)

9.You are sitting in a crowded bus. There is an old lady standing. Offer her your sit. (Can I …?)

10.You are in a car with you friend, who is driving. He is going to park the car but there is a No Parking sign. You see a sign and say: You can’t … .

May (might)

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To be allowed to

эквивалент глагола may

_______________________________________________________________

We are allowed to stay at home. (Нам разрешают) We were allowed to stay at home. (Нам разрешили) We shall be allowed to stay at home. (Нам разрешат)

Ex. 1. Now you have to use may/might or to be allowed to

1.… I bring my sister to the party?

2.He asked if he … bring his sister to the party.

3.After they had finished their work, the children … watch TV.

4.He … join the sport section as soon as he is through with his medical examination.

5.Becky’s mother said that everybody … take part in the picnic.

6.He … go home if he like.

7.As soon as the boy … leave the room, he smiled a happy smile and ran out to join his friends outside.

8.The doctor says I am much better. I … get up for a few hours every day.

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Ex. 2. Translate into English using modal verbs may/might

1.Можно мне войти?

2.Можно я пойду погулять?

3.Если твоя работа готова, можешь идти домой.

4.Учитель сказал, что мы можем идти домой.

5.Доктор говорит, что я уже могу купаться.

6.Папа сказал, что мы можем идти в кино одни.

7.Я думал, что мне можно смотреть телевизор.

8.Если ты не наденешь пальто, ты можешь заболеть.

9.Не уходи из дома: мама может прийти, а у нее нет ключа.

10.Будь осторожен: ты можешь упасть.

11.Мы, может быть, поедем за город в воскресенье.

12.Он может забыть об этом.

13.Скоро может пойти дождь.

Ex. 3. Translate into English using to be allowed to

1.Мне разрешают пользоваться папиным магнитофоном.

2.Дети уже большие. Им разрешают ходить в школу одним.

3.Ему не разрешают купаться в этой реке.

4.Вчера ей позволили прийти домой в десять часов.

5.Нам не позволяют разговаривать на уроках.

6.Тебе разрешили взять эту книгу?

7.Я думаю, мне не разрешат поехать с тобой за город.

8.Тебе разрешат пойти гулять, когда ты сделаешь уроки?

9.Тебе разрешали ходить на озеро, когда ты был маленький?

10.Когда мне разрешат есть мороженое?

Ex. 4. In this exercise you have to talk about your (and other people’s) future plans. But you are not sure what is going to happen. Use may or might.

Example: Where are you going for your holidays? (to Italy???)

I haven’t finally decided but I may (or might) go to Italy.

1.What sort of car are you going to buy? (a Mercedes???)

I am not sure yet but I ….

2.What are you doing this weekend? (go to London???) I am not sure but … .

3.Where are you going to hang this picture? (in the dining-room???) I don’t know for sure but … .

4.When is Tom coming to see us (tomorrow evening???) I am not sure but … .

5.What’s Jill going to do when she leaves school? (a secretarial course???) She hasn’t decided yet but … .

6.Where are you going for you weekend? (to Ireland???) I haven’t finally

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decided but … .

7.What are you doing this Sunday? (go to the cinema???). I am not sure but… .

8.When is Kate coming to my place? (on Saturday???) I am not sure but… .

9.Where are you going to place that bookcase? (in the study???) I haven’t made up my mind yet but … .

10.What is Julia going to do when she leaves university? (to look for a job???)

She hasn’t decided yet but … .

Ex. 5. This time you have to talk about possible happenings. Use the words in brackets

Example: Do you think it will rain this afternoon? (may ) It may rain this afternoon.

1.Do you think Ann will come to the party? (might not) She … .

2.Do you think Tom will be late? (may) He …

3.Do you think Jill will be able to find our house? (might not). She … .

4.Do you think there’ll be an election this year? (might) There … .

5.Do you think Tony will pass the exam? (may not).

6.Do you think they’ll be waiting for us when we arrive? (might)

7.Do you think it’ll snow later? (may)

8.Do you think my parents will go to the theatre tonight? (might not)

9.Do you think I’ll go out this evening? (may not)

10.Do you think Tom will like the present I bought for him? (may not)

11.Do you think Sue will be able to meet us this evening? (might)

Ex. 6. Put modal verbs may/might or can/could

1.… I use your pen?

2.… I find a pen on that table?

3.You … read this book. You know the language well enough.

4.You … take this book: I don’t need it.

5.… I help you?

6.… I ask you to help me?

7.She asked if she … use my telephone?

8.He knew this period of history very well: he had read everything on the subject he … find in the rich university library.

9.… I offer you my seat?

10.He … be at school now. He is ill.

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Must

must-may-might-can’t (uncertainty, probability)

Ex. 1. Make up all possible sentences using the tables given. Translate them into Russian

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Example: Shall I do the shopping now? (no/this afternoon)

No you needn’t do it now. You can do it this afternoon.

1.Shall I clean the windows today? (no/tomorrow)

2.Shall I type this letters now? (no/later)

3.Shall I go to the bank this morning? (no/this afternoon)

4.Shall we leave home now? (no/in an hour)

5.Shall I do the task at once? (no/after you have dinner)

6.Shall I go to the post-office today? (no/tomorrow)

7.Shall I lay the table now? (no/in the evening)

8.Shall I wash up now? (no/later)

9.Shall I translate this article now? (no/tomorrow)

10.Shall I help you? (no/later)

Ex. 2. Now you have to complete the sentence with must, mustn’t or needn’t

Example: We haven’t got much time. We must hurry. We’ve got plenty of time. We needn’t hurry.

1.Do you want me to wait for you? No, it’s okay. You … wait.

2.Tom gave me the letter to post. I … forget to post it.

3.You … come if you don’t want to but I hope you will.

4.What sort of house do you want to buy? Something big? – Well, it … be big, that’s not important. But it … have a nice garden – that’s essential.

5.We have enough food at home so we … go shopping today.

6.This book is very valuable. You … look after it very carefully and you … lose it.

7.We haven’t got much time. We … hurry.

8.There’s plenty of time for you to make up your mind. You … decide now.

9.My mother gave me a shopping list. I … forget to buy something.

10.You … wash those tomatoes. They’ve already been washed.

Ex. 3. This time you have to make a sentence with needn’t have

Example: I don’t know why we hurried. We needn’t have hurried.

1.I don’t know why they left so early. They … .

2.I don’t know why she shouted at me like that. She … .

3.I don’t know why he read the whole book. …. .

4.I don’t know why she cancelled her holiday. ….

5.Tom went out and took an umbrella with him because he thought it was going to rain. But it didn’t rain. ….. .

6.Ann bought some eggs. When she got home she found that she already had plenty of eggs. .… .

7.Jack got very angry with Jill and threw a book at her. Later Jill said: “I know

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you were very angry but …. .

8.Brian had no money, so he sold his car. A few days later he won a lot of money in a competition. … .

9.A friend got angry with you and shouted at you. You think this was unnecessary. Later you say: You … .

10.When we went on holiday, we took the camera with us but we didn’t use it in the end. … .

11.I thought I was going to miss my train so I rushed to the station. But the train was late and in the end I had to wait 20 minutes. … .

Ex. 4. Translate into English using modal verb need

1.Мне нужно тебе помогать?

2.Вы можете не ходить туда.

3.Зря он туда пошел.

4.Я могу и не спрашивать его: он сам мне все расскажет.

5.Зря она купила так много продуктов.

6.Она может не ходить в библиотеку: я дам ей книгу.

7.Мне нужно сдавать зачет? Нет, вам не нужно.

8.Зря Том торопился: поезд опоздал.

9.Ты мог бы и не брать зонт: дождя не было.

10.Я должен остаться после урока? Нет, тебе не нужно.

To have to – to be to

Ex. 1. Put modal verb to have to or to be to

1.She … to send a telegram because it was late to send a letter.

2.They decided that she … to send them a telegram every tenth day.

3.You .. to learn all the new words for the next lesson.

4.It is raining. You … to put on your raincoat.

5.The planters … to gather their cotton at once, as they had been warned that heavy rains were expected.

6.You … to learn this poem for tomorrow.

7.I … to wear glasses as my eyesight is very weak.

8.“You … to stay in bed for a few days”, ordered a doctor.