5075
.pdf15.The travel agent offered them $4200 in compensation … their lost holidays.
16.Thrill-seekers are eager … adventure.
7.Translate from Russian into English.
1.Учитель был очарован нежным голосом маленькой девочки.
2.Хватит надоедать девушке.
3.Я хотела бы, чтобы ты был более честным в этом вопросе.
4.Шорты – неуместная одежда для официального приёма.
5.Она не проявляет особого желания выходить за него замуж.
6.Природа раскрывается нам только через наши чувства.
7.Иногда я с трудом отличаю испанский от португальского.
8.Женщины могут торговаться на рынке часами.
9.Попрошайки окружили нас со всех сторон и были очень назойливы.
10.История Египта очарует вас своими мифами и легендами.
11.Если вы плохо знаете человека, то лучше подарить ему символический подарок.
12.Терпеть не могу торговаться.
13.Её жалостливый рассказ заставил меня расплакаться.
14.Она была в игривом настроении.
15.Это кафе популярно как среди местных жителей, так и среди туристов.
16.Как знак нашей благодарности за всё, что вы сделали, мы бы хотели, чтобы вы приняли этот небольшой подарок.
17.Маленькие дети могут быть очень требовательными.
18.Вы хотите, чтобы мы доставили ваши покупки?
19. Нам нужны квалифицированные работники.
20. Музыкальный талант обычно проявляется в детстве.
8. Make up dialogues as instructed.
1.You are a foreigner in other country. Try to find out what junk food is?
2.You are going to have a party. Discuss the menu (one of your friends is a vegetarian and another is on a diet).
3.You want to travel and you are at the tour agency. Ask a tour guide about
ecotourism where you can go. Give advantages and disadvantages of ecotourism.
4.You are at the Arabian market and you want to buy a beautiful carpet. Discuss the price of it with a seller and start to bargain.
9. Find some diets and bring them to class for discussion. What diet is hard to
follow? Why?
CHAPTER 7
REMARKABLE INDIVIDUALS
Part 1: Confucius, 551 B.C.E. – 479 B.C.E.
Words to remember
enduring (adj) – existing for a long time conduct (n) – behaviour
to permeate (v) – to spread through something and be present in every part of it prestige (n) – respect and admiration given to someone or something, usually because of a reputation for high quality, success or social influence
to rear (v) – to care for young animals or children until they are able to care for
themselves
diligent (adj) – careful and using a lot of effort
minor (adj) – having little importance, influence or effect, especially when compared with other things of the same type
major (adj) – more important, bigger or more serious than others of the same type to resign (v) – to give up a job or position by telling your employer that you are
leaving
to compile (v) – to collect information from a variety of places and arrange it in a book, report or list
teachings (pl. n) – the ideas or principles of a religious, political, or moral system of a particular person or group
disciple (n) – a person who believes in the ideas and principles of someone famous and tries to live the way they do or did
cornerstone (n) – something of great importance which everything else depends on benevolent (adj) – willing to be kind and helpful to people
notion (n) – (a) belief or idea
to strive (for) (v) – to make a lot of effort to achieve something
virtue (n) – a good moral quality in a person, or the general quality of goodness in people. Syn.: Goodness
subject (n) – a person who lives in or who has the right to live in a particular country, especially a country with a king or queen
defender (n) – someone who protects a place against attack, or who believes in and supports a person, idea, plan, etc
obedience (n) – the practice of doing what someone tells you to do, or of obeying a law or rule
concept (n) – an idea of smth that exists
to urge (v) – to strongly advise or try to persuade someone to do a particular thing ruler (n) – the leader of a country
to make a break – to stop having a close relationship with someone, especially stop living with them, or to change a course of action that you have had for a long time
to maintain (v) – to continue to have; to keep in existence, or not allow to become
less
commoner (n) – a person who is not born into a position of high social rank to absorb (v) – to understand facts or ideas completely and remember them to seize power – to obtain political control in a country
to eliminate (v) – to remove or take away
to eradicate (v) – to get rid of completely or destroy something bad
holocaust (n) – a very large amount of destruction, especially by fire or heat, or the killing of very large numbers of people
EXERCISES
1. Give English equivalents of the words and word partnerships used in the text.
Длительное влияние; концепция; поведение; мораль; пронизывать, распространяться; замечательный, выдающийся; престиж; уважение; в конце концов; растить; воспитывать детей; прилежный; незначительная должность; оставить должность, уволиться; составлять (книгу); учения; ученик, последователь; основа, краеугольный камень; благотворный, благотворительный; понятие; стремиться к чему-либо; добродетель; послушание; подданные, граждане; защитник тирании; править, управлять; правитель; новатор; призывать к чему-либо; постепенно; объединять; разорвать связь с прошлым; пресекать, запрещать; уничтожение, истребление; удерживать, сохранять (положение, позиции); классические произведения; простолюдин, человек незнатного происхождения; продолжать существовать; влияние, воздействие; захватить власть; устранить; произвести радикальные изменения в обществе; искоренять.
2. Match the words or expressions with their definitions.
1) |
cornerstone |
a) long; permanent |
2) |
prestige |
b) come to power |
3) |
holocaust |
c) power to control |
4) |
to maintain |
d) to affect every part of something |
5) |
to seize power |
e) the most important part of smth |
6) |
notion |
f) respect and admiration |
7) |
permeate |
g) destruction, extermination |
8) |
eventually |
h) kind, helpful and generous |
9) |
enduring |
i) continue to have |
10) influence |
j) in the end |
|
11) benevolent |
k) belief or idea |
|
3. Make new words by adding suffixes or prefixes to the italicized words. Translate the sentences.
ation / ed / ly
1.If Paul resigns, who will get the job?
2.You have the choice between … and dismissal.
3.He … his post, because he had been offered a better job.
4.“I didn’t want it anyway,” he said … .
ence / ent / ly / dis
1.He seemed to be rather obedient, always willing to obey the orders of anyone in a position of power.
2.He never does what he is ordered; he’s so … .
3.Following the orders and instructions, i.e. full … is his main feature.
4.The dog is so devoted; he is always ready to fulfill every order of his master … .
ive / tion / ness / ly
1.The fire was so destructive; it destroyed most of the buildings.
2.Drink was her … .
3.Small children can be very … .
4.The … of their criticism was killing for him as an author of the book.
5.Their words influenced him … .
ed / tion / ing
1.Can we ever eliminate hunger from the world?
2.Our team was … from the competition in the first round.
3.… her as a witness, the police could find the criminal more easily.
4.Their … from the first round of competition was a great surprise.
non / ious
1.The old universities of Oxford and Cambridge still have a lot of prestige.
2.The car he bought was big, expensive and important-looking – it was … .
3.Unlike such professional jobs as doctors and lawyers, the job of an office clerk seemed … to her.
ary / ly
1.A prime reason for our economic decline is lack of investments.
2.The … purpose of his visit is to improve trading relations.
3.Ten years ago it was … a fishing village, but now it’s a thriving tourist centre.
ed /ance
1.Part of her job is to maintain good relations with our suppliers.
2.She lived in a well-… house.
3.She took a few lessons in car … .
4. Give synonyms. Make up your own sentences with these words.
behavior |
long |
idea |
prominent |
to bring up |
doctrine |
follower |
kind and helpful |
goodness |
to rule |
despotism |
supporter, advocate |
devastation |
hardworking |
influence |
exterminate |
unfairness |
to get rid of |
5. Insert prepositions where necessary.
1.His concept … government and his ideas … personal conduct and morality permeated … Chinese life and culture.
2.At first, the revolution had little impact … the lives of ordinary people.
3.He resigned … the company in order to take a more challenging job.
4.Jen might be defined as “benevolent concern … one’s fellow men”.
5.He strove … recognition as an artist.
6.I have great respect … his ideas, although I don’t agree with them.
7.He has a fairly positive outlook … life.
8.The teacher urged … her students the importance of passing the examination.
9.Her smile endeared her … all people.
10.He has outstanding aptitude … music.
11.He united the whole country … his rule and decided to make a complete break … past.
6.Fill in the blanks with suitable words in a proper form from the list below.
1.Wage control is the ___________ of the government economic policy.
2.The country ___________ by small elite of military offices.
3.I wanted ____________ but my boss persuaded me to stay.
4.Einstein’s work on relativity had an enormous __________ on the way the physics developed.
5.The war caused widespread death and _____________.
6.He always tried _____________ the old family relations.
7.I know you are an expert in your field, but with all ___________ this report needs to be written before it can be published.
8.He isn’t especially clever, but he’s a ___________ student and should do well in the exam.
9. The new process ___________ the need for checking the products by hand.
10.The work was done under my ___________.
11.There have been __________ changes to the design.
12.The full _________ of these changes hasn’t been felt yet.
13.He always managed to win the kid’s ___________.
14.Political instability helped the army __________ power.
15.The sight of people suffering arouses a deep sense of __________in him.
16.The disease which once claimed millions of lives has now ___________.
Impact (2), cornerstone, due respect, to seize, minor, supervision, to govern, respect, to resign, to eliminate, injustice, to maintain, to eradicate, diligent, destruction.
7.Paraphrase using your active vocabulary.
1.The computer has made a great influence on modern life.
2.Can we get rid of hunger from the world?
3.Martin Luther King considered himself a follower of Gandhi.
4.It’s difficult to grasp the idea of this philosophical work.
5.WWF launched a campaign to halt the devastation of the Amazon forests.
6.It’s important that US continues to have its relationship with China.
7.After many attempts she finally managed to get promotion.
8.I failed to grasp the film’s idea.
9.Nelson Mandela is a truly outstanding person.
10.Some women make a deliberate choice to bring up a child alone.
11.He was a kind and helpful old man, he wouldn’t hurt a fly.
12.Social rules of behavior dictate that men cannot sit while women are standing.
13.The princess’s children have no titles because their father is not a member of a noble family.
14.She gave up the job of directorship.
15.Lawyers will strongly advise the parents to take further legal action.
16.A destruction caused by nuclear weapons would leave few survivors.
17.She wanted to work for a bigger and more powerful newspaper.
8.Translate the sentences from Russian into English.
1.Репортёра обвинили в непрофессиональном поведении.
2.Правила этикета не такие строгие в настоящее время.
3.Последователи Конфуция составили книгу, в которой собрали его самые важные учения.
4.Главой государства в Великобритании формально является королева, но управляет страной премьер-министр и кабинет.
5.Человек должен стремиться к правде и добродетели, а не к богатству.
6.Моя тётя воспитала четырёх детей.
7.Он был прилежным студентом и после окончания университета сумел получить престижную работу.
8.Он занимал незначительный пост в правительстве, но вскоре подал в отставку и стал учителем.
9.Она сделала это из уважения к родителям.
10.При всём должном уважении, я не согласен с вами.
11.В стране был жестокий правитель, который требовал полного повиновения от своих подчинённых.
12.В пятницу горожане идут на избирательные участки (polls), чтобы выбрать для управления страной тех людей, которых они хотят.
13.Она убедила меня пойти на компромисс.
14.Конфуций не защищает тиранию. Основой его политических взглядов является идея о том, что государство существует для блага людей, а не правителей.
15.Новый правитель решил полностью порвать с прошлым и реформировать страну.
16.Недовольство правительством проникло во все слои общества.
17.Правительство утверждает, что они делают всё возможное для ликвидации коррупции.
18.Чтобы устранить экономическую несправедливость, необходимо провести радикальные перемены в обществе.
19.Всемирный фонд Good Faith предпринимает шаги для ликвидации неграмотности в странах Африки.
Part 2: Beating the Odds.
Words to remember
odds (pl.n) – the probability that a particular thing will or will not happen entertainer (n) – someone whose job is to entertain people by singing, telling jokes, etc.
to extend (v) – to (cause something to) reach, stretch or continue; to add to something in order to make it bigger or longer
awareness (n) – knowing that something exists, or having knowledge or experience of a particular thing
to revive (v) – to come or bring something back to life, health, existence, or use to raise money – to bring or collect money together
to refer to smb/smth – to talk or write about someone or something, especially
briefly
prejudice (n) – an unfair and unreasonable opinion or feeling, especially when formed without enough thought or knowledge
wary (adj) – careful or nervous about smb or smth because you think they might be a
problem
to segregate (v) – to keep one group of people apart from another and treat them differently, especially because of race or sex
to revere (v) – to greatly respect and admire someone or something
host (n) – a person who introduces guests and performers, especially on TV or radio grueling (adj) – extremely tiring and difficult, and demanding great effort and
determination
to endear smb to smb – to cause someone to be liked by someone oppressive (adj) – cruel and unfair
aptitude (n) – a natural ability or skill
to end up doing smth – to finally be in a particular place or situation
disciplinarian (n) – someone who thinks that people should obey rules and punishes people who do not
hardship (n) – (smth which causes) difficult or unpleasant conditions of life, or an example of this
ambition (n) – a strong desire for success, achievement, power or wealth poignant (adj) – causing or having a particularly sharp feeling of sadness tumultuous (adj) – very loud, or full of confusion, change or uncertainty
penchant (n) – a liking for, an enjoyment of, or a habit of doing something, especially something that other people might not like
to excel (v) – to be extremely good at something
contempt (n) – a strong feeling of combined dislike and lack of respect to renege (v) – to fail to keep a promise or an agreement, etc.
to live up to smth – to be as good as what was expected or promised to charge smb with smth – to order someone to do something
scenario (n) – a description of possible actions or events in the future to abuse sexually (v) – to have sex with someone who is unable to refuse
superior (adj) – better than average or better than other people or things of the same type; Opposite inferior
acutely (adv) – completely or extremely
turmoil (n) – a state of confusion, uncertainty or lack of order to couple (v) – to join or combine
alienation (n) – the feeling that you have no connection with the people around you rebellious (adj) – disobedient and hard to control; tending to rebel
to be on the lam (phr) – to be escaping, especially from the police desperate (for) (adj) – needing or wanting smth very much
EXERCISES
1. Give English equivalents of the words and word combinations from the text.
Знание социальных проблем; издательское дело; благотворительность; возродить интерес; собрать (деньги) на выплату стипендий; подвергаться дискриминации; плохой, худшего качества; подвергать сегрегации; уважаемая знаменитость; ведущий программы на телевидении; изнурительный (суровый) путь к славе; внушать любовь с чьей-либо стороны; жестокий, подавляющий; выдающиеся способности; неконтролируемый; оказаться в конце концов; под чьей-либо опекой; сторонник строгой дисциплины; комбинировать, сочетать, объединять; честолюбие; горький, мучительный, трогательный; бурный, беспокойный; препятствия; под присмотром; склонность, расположение, любовь к чему-либо; самообладание; осанка; учиться на отлично; сильно, значительно; презрение; изменить своему слову; вырезка из газеты, новость; неясный, двусмысленный; принять с открытыми объятиями; опекун, попечитель; жить полной жизнью, в соответствии со способностями; дать задание; опека; сценарий, план действий; насиловать; быть лучше, чем; остро, четко осознавать разницу