18. Дополните предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста.
Business losses can result from ______________.
Tortuous acts resulting in ___________________.
Breach of contract circumstances arise ______________.
Product liability and breach of warranty actions are ______________.
The economic or financial expert can play ____________.
The expert should have experience in _______________.
The second role ______________.
19. Замените русские слова в скобках английскими эквивалентами.
The element of value most often determined in business loss cases is (упущенная выгода) of which "net" or "gross" profits may be applicable depending on (обстоятельства) and factors in the case. However, (компенсация) may also be measured by determining loss of business value or “going concern” value. Often it is necessary to examine both profits and (стоимость бизнеса) to determine the appropriate measure of (потери). In such situations, great care must be taken to avoid double counting (упущенная выгода) as (стоимость бизнеса) is, conceptually, determined by measuring (будущая прибыль). The specifics of the case and possibly jurisdictional specific requirements may determine the approach required. In either approach the focus of analysis is, generally, on the incremental losses rather than the business as a whole.
20. Работа в парах. Составьте как можно больше словосочетаний со словами profit и loss. Дайте определение каждому из них и попросите партнера назвать его. Делайте это попеременно.
UNIT 2. ETHICS AND ASSUMPTIONS OF DAMAGE MODELS
1. Прочитайте шутку. Обсудите вопрос: «о каких недопустимых для экономиста личностных качествах и не соблюдении каких этических норм идет речь?»
A mathematician, an accountant and an economist apply for the same job. The interviewer calls in the mathematician and asks: "What is two plus two equals?" The mathematician replies: "Four." The interviewer asks: "Four, exactly?" The mathematician looks at the interviewer incredulously and says: "Yes, four, exactly."
Then the interviewer calls in the accountant and asks the same question: "What is two plus two equals?" The accountant says: "On average, four - give or take ten percent, but on average, four."
Then the interviewer calls in the economist and poses the same question: "What is two plus two equals?" The economist gets up, locks the door, closes the shade, sits down next to the interviewer and says: "What do you want it to equal?"
2. Прочитайте список слов, описывающих моральные качества человека. Подберите к ним русские эквиваленты. Ответьте на вопрос: What qualities should every forensic economist possess? Give your arguments.
Empathy: the ability to communicate understanding of another person’s experience from that person’s perspective.
Sincerity: a personal commitment to consistency between what is professed and what is done.
Integrity: commitment to being moral in dealings with others, personal straightforwardness, honesty and coherence.
Resilience: the capacity to work with the client’s concerns without being personally diminished.
Respect: showing appropriate esteem to others and their understanding of themselves.
Humility: the ability to assess accurately and acknowledge one’s own strengths and weaknesses.
Competence: the effective deployment of the skills and knowledge needed to do what is required.
Fairness: the consistent application of appropriate criteria to inform decisions and actions.
Wisdom: possession of sound judgment that informs practice.
Courage: the capacity to act in spite of known fears, risks and uncertainty.