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Karl Marx_ A Biography ( PDFDrive )

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H I S T O R I C A L

1874

1875 Gotha Congress

1876

1877 Russo-Turkish War

1878 Anti-Socialist laws in Germany

1879

1880

1882

1883 Nietzsche's Thus Spake Zarathustra

P E R S O N A L

 

W R I T I N G S

Marx to Karlsbad

(August-October)

Remarks on Bakunin s Statism and

 

 

Anarchy

 

Marx to Karlsbad

(August-September);

Critique

of the

Gotha Programme

moved to Maidand Park Road

French

Edition

of Capital Vol. I

Death of Bakunin; Marx to Karlsbad (August-September)

Marx to Neuenahr (AugustSeptember)

Marx to Argenteuil (AugustSeptember); death of Jenny Marx (December)

Contribution to Anti-Diihring Letter to Mikhailovsky

Ciradar Letter

Questionnaire

Introduction to French Workers' Programme

Remarks on Wagner Letter to Vera Sassoulitch

Notes on Morgan !r Primitive Society

Marx to Algiers, Monte Carlo etc.

Preface to second Russian edition of

(February-June)

Communist Manifesto

Death of Jenny Longuet (January);

 

death of Marx (March)

 

Genealogical Tree

(d. 1684)

 

Joseph Israel RT*

 

Isaac Worms RT*

* RT = Rabbi in Trier

(d. 1722) ^

 

Jehuda ben Elieser ha-Levi Minz (Rabbi in Padua, d. 1508)

seven generations

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Merle — Joshua Herschel [

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(d. 1772)

|

 

(d. 1771)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Moses Lwow RT*

 

Samuel Marx Levy RT*

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(d. 1788)

 

 

 

(d. 1804)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I

 

 

 

 

I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Chaja

= Mordechai Marx

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

_ J

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Samuel RT*

Heinrich Marx

=

Henrietta Pressburg

 

Jacob

 

Esther

 

Babette

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(d. 1829)

 

 

(1782-1838)

 

I

(1787-1863)

 

 

 

(d. 1865)

 

 

Moritz David

 

 

Sophie =

 

Wilhelm

 

 

Hermann

Henriette

= Theodore

Luise =

Jan

Emilie

=

Johann

Caroline

Edward

 

(d. 4 yrs. old)

(1816-97)

Schmalhausen

 

(1819-42)

(1820-56)

 

 

Simons

(1821-93)

Ju*a

(1822-88)

Conradi

(1824-47)

(1826-37)

 

Jenny von Westphalen

=

KARL M A RX

=

Helena Demuth

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1814-81)

 

 

 

(1820-90)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1818-83)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Frederick Demuth

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1851-I1929)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

one son and three grandchildren

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

==

Charles

 

 

1

=

Paul

 

1

 

 

1

1

 

1

Edward

 

 

 

Jenny

 

Laura

 

Edgar

 

Guido

Franziska

 

Eleanor =

 

 

 

(1844-83)

 

 

Longuet

 

(1845-1911) I Lafargue

 

(1847-55)

 

(1849-50)

(1851-2)

(1855-98)

Aveling

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1

 

1

 

1

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Etienne

 

daughter

son

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(1869-72)

(1870)

(1870--1)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Harry

Jean

 

 

Edgar

 

Harry

 

 

1

 

Jenny

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Marcel

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(.873-4)

(1876-38)

(1879-1950)

(1878-83)

(1881-1949)

(1882-1952)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I

 

 

 

I

 

 

 

 

I

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

two sons

three sons and

 

 

 

one son

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

one daughter

Diagram of Marx's 'Economics'

Works planned are in rvman; works -written but not published in Marx's lifetime are in italics; works published in Marx's lifetime are in bold italics.

1843

1844

1846

1851

1857/8

 

 

 

 

1. Capital

 

 

 

 

(a) Value

 

 

 

 

1 (b) Money

Critique of

Pari

Treatise

1. Critique of

 

Hegel's

Manuscripts ^

on

Political

 

Philosophy of

 

* Economics

Economy

 

Right

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

' 2. Landed Property •

 

 

 

 

3. Wage Labour

 

 

 

2. Socialism

4. State

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Free Trade —

 

 

 

 

6. World Market

 

 

 

3. History of

 

 

 

 

Economics

 

 

 

 

Doctrines

 

1857/8

1859

 

1863-7

 

Critique

of

- Capital Vol. I

 

Political

Economy

- Commodities and Money

 

- Commodities

- Money into Capital

 

• - Money

 

- Surplus Value

 

 

 

- H'age Ijtbour

C

 

 

- Accumulation

z

 

 

• Capital Vol. 11

D

- Circulation

 

90

Capital Vol. Ill

- - Profit

 

 

• - Credit

 

• - Rent

 

• Capital Vol. IV

 

Theories of Surplus Value

Select Critical Bibliography

E N G L I S H

C O L L E C T E D T E X T S

K.Marx, Selected Essays, ed. H. Stenning (London and New York, 1926, reprinted 1968). Abbreviation: Stenning. A collection of seven essays from the early Marx, most of them minor.

K.Marx, E Engels, Selected Works (Moscow, 1935, several reprints). Abbreviation: MESW. The 'classical' anthology. None of the early writings are included and less than half the material is by Marx. Nevertheless it provides complete and faithful translations of many of Marx's works.

K.Marx, Capital, The Communist Manifesto and Other Writings, ed. M. Eastman (New York, 1932). Concentrates on Capital to the complete exclusion of early writings.

K.Marx, F. Engels, Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy, ed. L. Feuer (New York, 1959). Concentrates on Marx's historical writings, with a useful selection of letters and essays at the end.

K.Marx, Selected Writings in Sociology and Social Philosophy, ed. T. Bottomore and M. Rubel (London, 1956). In many ways the best anthology, drawing on all Marx's writings whether available in English or not.

K.Marx, Early Writings, ed. T. Bottomore (London, 1963). Abbreviation: Bottomore. Contains the essays in the Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher and the complete text of the 'Paris Manuscripts'.

Writings of the Young Marx on Philosophy and Society, ed. L. Easton and K. Guddat (New York, 1967). Abbreviation: E G . A comprehensive collection of Marx's writings from 1841 to 1847. Contains extracts from The Holy Family and

The German Ideology.

The Essential Writings of Karl Marx, ed. D. Caute (London and New York, 1967). Small excerpts with emphasis on the philosophical and revolutionary aspects of Marx.

Marxist Social Thought, ed. R. Freedman (New York, t968). Fairly comprehensive on the sociological aspects of Marx's later works. Litde reference to economics or to Marx's early writings.

S E L E C T C R I T I C A L B I B L I O G R A P H Y

435

K. Marx, The Early Texts, ed. D. McLellan (Oxford, 1971). Abbreviation: ET. A comprehensive selection of writings up to and including 1844, with letters.

The Portable Marx, ed. E. Kamenka (New York, 1971). A selection containing longer extracts and some newly translated material.

Karl Marx on Economy, Class and Social Revolution, ed. Z. Jordan (London, 1971). A comprehensive collection, aimed at the sociologist.

Marx-Engels Reader, ed. R. Tucker (New York, 1971). A more balanced, but shorter, version of the Moscow edition above.

K. Marx, The Essential Writings, ed. R. Bender (New York, t972). A large collection, well put together, with due emphasis on the economic writings.

K. Marx, Selected Writings, ed. D. McLellan (Oxford, 1977). A comprehensive selection from the whole range of Marx's work.

Karl Marx: A Reader, ed. J. Elster (Cambridge, 1986). A useful, shortish collection. Karl Marx: Early Political Writings, ed. J. O'Malley (Cambridge, 1994) Excellent new translations of works up to, and including, Poverty of Philosophy.

There are also collections of texts, mosdy newspaper articles, on the following specific themes:

On Britain (London, 1953).

On Ireland (London, 1970). Marx on China (London, 1968).

First Indian War of Independence (Moscow, i960). Revolution in Spain (London, ^39).

On Colonialism (Moscow, i960).

Karl Marx on Colonialism and Modernization, ed. S. Avineri (New York, 1968).

On Malthus (London, 1953).

On Literature and Art (Bombay, 1956).

On Religion (Moscow, 1957).

On Revolution, ed. S. Padover (New York, t97i).

Penguin have brought out an eight-volume selection from Marx's works, including the whole of Capital and the Grundrisse. They have substantial introductions and the new translations are very good. The translation of the Collected Works of Marx and Engels to comprise fifty-one volumes, published by Lawrence and Wishart, began appearing in 1975 and is well on its way to completion. The translation is reliable, if at times a litde awkward, and it is accompanied by a wealth of minor information.

C O L L E C T E D L E T T E R S

K. Marx, F. Engels, Selected Correspondence (London, 1934). Abbreviation: MESC. K. Marx, Letters to Kugelmann (London, 1934).

K. Marx, F. Engels, Letters to Americans (New York, 1963). k. Marx, On the Eastern Question (London, 1899)

45 2

K A R L M A R X : A B I O G R A P H Y

 

I N D I V I D U A L W O R K S

N.B. All the works below either have appeared or will appear in the Collected Works. The list below is intended as a check-list for reference and to indicate alternative translations.

1.

School Leaving Essays. Partial translation in E G .

2.

Letter to his Father. E G , ET.

3.Doctoral Thesis. The thesis itself is translated in N. Livergood, Activity in Marx's Philosophy (The Hague, 1967). Appendices partially translated in E G ,

ET.

4.Poems 1836-1841. Partially translated in R. Payne (ed.), The Unknown Marx (London, 1972).

5.

Articles for Rheinische Zeitung.

Selections

in E G ,

ET.

6.

Critique of Hegel's Philosophy

of Right. Translated

and edited by J. O'Malley

 

(Cambridge, 1970).

 

 

 

7.

A Correspondence of 1843. E G , ET.

 

 

8.

On the Jewish Question. Bottomore, E G , EX; A

World without Jews, ed D.

 

Runes (New York, 1959).

 

 

 

9.

Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right: Introduction. Bottomore, E G , ET.

ro. 1844 Manuscripts. Complete

translation

in Bottomore; also by M. Milligan

 

(Moscow, 1959). Large selections in

E G , ET.

 

11 .

Critical Notes on The King of Prussia and Social Reform'. E G , ET.

12.The Holy Family (Moscow, 1956).

13.Theses on Feuerbach. Appendix to The German Ideology (Moscow, 1968).

14.The German Ideology (Moscow, 1968). Selections in an edition, with introduction, by C. Arthur (London, 1970).

15.Circular against Kriege. MEW iv.

16.Letter to Annenkov. Appendix to The Poverty of Philosophy (Moscow, 1956).

17.The Poverty of Philosophy (Moscow, 1956).

18.Karl Grim: The Social Movement in France and Belgium. MEW HI.

19.The Communism of the lRheinischer Beobachter'. MEW v.

20.Moralising Criticism and Criticising Moralism. Stenning.

21.Speech on Free Trade (Boston, 1888).

22.The Communist Manifesto. MESW 1; also separate editions by D. Ryazanow (London, 1936); H. Laslri (London, 1948); A. Taylor (Harmondsworth, 1967). The Communist Manifesto (McLellan, 1993).

23.Demands of the Communist Party in Germany. The Birth of his Communist League, ed. D. Struik (New York, 1971).

24.Articles for Neue Rheinische Zeitung. MEW v and vi.

25.Wage-Labour and Capital. MESW 1.

S E L E C T C R I T I C A L B I B L I O G R A P H Y

453

26.Addresses of the Central Committee to the Communist League. March Address:

MESW 1; June Address: MEW VII.

27.Articles for Neue Rheinische Zeitung-Revue. MEW VII.

28.The Class Struggles in France. MESW 1.

29.Articles for New York Herald Tribune. Selections in: H. Christman (ed.), The

 

American Journalism of Marx and Engels (New York, 1966); Marx on India,

 

ed. R. Dutt (London,

1934); Revolution in Spain (London, 1939); Marx on

 

China (London, 1968); The Eastern Question, ed. E. and E. Aveling (London,

 

1897). Also the collections on Britain, Ireland and Colonialism above.

 

Complete edition, ed. Ferguson and O'Neil (New York, 1973).

30.

The Eighteenth Brumaire

of Louis Bonaparte. MESW 1.

} 1.

The Great Men of Exile.

The Cologne Communist Trial, ed. R. Livingstone

 

(London, 1970).

 

32.

Ibid.

 

13.Palmerston and Russia, ed. L. Hutchinson (London, 1970).

54.The Knight of the Noble Conscience. The Cologne Communist Trial, ed. R. Livingstone (London, 1970).

35.Palmerston and Russia, ed. L. Hutchinson (London, 1970).

36.Articles for Neue Oder Zeitung. MEW xi.

57.Secret Diplomatic History of the Eighteenth Century, ed. L. Hutchinson (London, 1970).

38.Articles for The Peoples Paper and The Free Press. MEW XII.

39.General Introduction to Grundrisse. Appendix to A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy, trans. I. Stone (Chicago, 1904); Marx's Grundrisse, ed. D. McLellan (London, 1971).

40.Grundrisse. Selection in Marx's Grundrisse, ed. D. McLellan (London, 1971);

Pre-Capitalist Economic Formations, ed. E. Hobsbawm (London, 1964). Full translation (London and New York, 1973).

41.Articles for New American Cyclopaedia. MEW xiv.

42.Preface to A Critique of Political Economy. MESW 1.

43.A Critique of Political Economy. Translated by I. Stone (Chicago, 1904); reissued with an Introduction by M. Dobb (London, 1970).

44.Articles for Das Volk. MEW xm.

45.Herr Vogt. MEW xiv.

46.Articles for Die Presse. MEW xv.

47. Theories of Surplus Value, 3 vols (Moscow, 1968; London, 1969).

48.Manuscripts on the Polish Question (The Hague, 1963). No English translation.

49.Inaugural Address and Rules for First International. MESW 1.

50.Capital, Vol. 3. Translated by E. Untermann (Chicago, 1909); Moscow, 1972.

51.Value, Price and Profit. MESW 1.

52.On Proudhon. MESW 1.

452

K A R L M A R X : A B I O G R A P H Y

53.Results of the Immediate Process of Production. German in Archiv Marksa i Engelsa

(Moscow, 1934).

54.Capital, Vol. 1. Translated by S. Moore and E. Aveling (London, 1887); E. Untermann (Chicago, 1906); E. and C. Paul (London, 1928); Moscow, 1968. Capital, Vol. 1: Abridged editions by C. Arthur (London, 1992) and D. McLellan (Oxford, 1995).

55.Capital, Vol. 2. E. Untermann (Chicago, 1907); Moscow, 1971.

56.Two Addresses on the Franco-Prussian War. MESW 1.

57.On the Civil War in France. MESW 1; ed. C. Hitchens (London, 1971); The Drafts are also contained in K. Marx and F. Engels, On the Paris Commune

(Moscow, 1971); Writings of Marx and Engels on the Paris Commune, ed. H. Draper (New York, 1971).

58.The Alleged Splits in the International, ed. Freymond (Geneva, 1962).

59.Preface to Second German edition of Communist Manifesto. MES W 1 and other editions.

60.Speech at Amsterdam, 1872. MEW XVIII.

61.Afterword to Semid German edition of Capital. See editions of Capital above.

62.Remarks on Bakunin's Statism and Anarchy. H. Mayer, 'Marx on Bakunin: A neglected text', Cahiers de 1'ISEA. 1959.

63.Critique of the Gotha Programme. MESW 11.

64.French edition of Capital, Vol. 1. Oeuvres, ed. M. Rubel, 11 (Paris, 1968).

65.Letter to Mikhailovsky. Basic Writings on Politics and Philosophy, ed. L. Feuer (New York, 1959).

66.Circular Letter. MESC.

67.A Workers' Enquiry. C . P . G . B . (London, 1933).

68.Introduction to French Workers' Programme. Oeuvres (Paris, 1963) 1.

69.Letter to Vera Sassoulitch (and preliminary drafts). Selections in Marx and Engels,

The Russian Menace to Europe, ed. P. Blackstock and B. Hoselitz (London, !953)-

70.Notes on Wagner's Textbook of Political Economy. MEW xix. Texts on Method, ed. T. Carver (Oxford, 1924).

71.Preface to Second Russian edition of Communist Manifesto. MESW 1 and other editions.

C O M M E N T A R I E S

H.B. Acton, The Illusion of the Epoch (London, 1955). A critique of MarxismLeninism as a philosophical creed.

H.B. Acton, What Marx Really Said (London, 1967). A short critical exposition, concentrating on Marx's ideas of historical materialism.

H. P. Adams, Karl Marx in His Early Writings, 2nd ed. (London, 1965). The first

S E L E C T C R I T I C A L B I B L I O G R A P H Y

453

examination in English of Marx's early writings up to, and including, The Holy Family. Slighdy dated.

L.Althusser, For Marx (London, 1970). A controversial interpretation of Marx using structuralist and Freudian concepts. Supports the idea of a radical break between the young and the old Marx.

L. Althusser, Reading Capital (London, 1971). An attempt to analyse Capital in a scientific manner and give an account of the philosophy underlying it.

W. Ash, Marxism and Moral Concepts (New York, 1964). A good introduction to the question.

S. Avineri, The Social and Political Thought of Karl Marx (Cambridge, 1968). An

important and interesting book which emphasises the continuity of Marx's thought from its earliest formulations and the influence of Hegel.

J. Barzun, Darwin, Marx and Wagner (Boston, 1946). Good in placing Marx in an intellectual tradition.

M. Beer, The Life and Teaching of Karl Marx (London and Manchester, 1921). A small book; necessarily dated.

R. Berki, Insight and Vision. The Problem of Communism in Marx's Thought (London, 1983). An original and penetrating discussion of Marx's ideas about communist society.

I. Berlin, Karl Marx. His Life and Environment (Oxford, 1939). A very readable short biography.

S. F. Bloom, The World of Nations. A Study of the National Implications in the Work of Marx (New York, 1941). An exposition of Marx's views on the position of nation states in the development of communism.

W. Blumenberg, Karl Marx (London, 1971). An excellent short biography mainly using Marx's own words with a varied selection of photographs.

M. M. Bober, Karl Marx's Interpretation of History, 2nd ed. (New York, 1965; original ed., 1927). The oldest and fullest discussion of historical materialism in English.

L. V. Bohm-Bawerk, Karl Marx and the Close of his System (London, 1890). The 'classical' critique of Marx's Capital.

T. Bottomore (ed.), Karl Marx (New York, 1971). A collection of commentaries on Marx, with an introduction, in the 'Makers of Modern Social Science' series.

T. Bottomore, The Sociological Theory of Marxism (London, 1973). Contains an analysis of Marx's theories on classes, the state, revolution, and so on.

L. B. Boudin, The Theoretical System of Karl Marx in the Light of Recent Criticism

(Chicago 1907; reprinted New York, 1967). A defence of Marx's materialist conception of history and economic doctrine in face of the criticisms of Revisionists.

G. Brenkert, Marx's Ethics of Freedom (London, 1983). The fullest discussion of the ethics implicit in Marx's work.

45

2

K A RL M A R X : A B I O G R A P H Y

E.R. Browder, Marx and America (London, 1959). A useful brief overview of the position of America in Marx's thought.

B.Delfgaauw, The Young Marx (London, 1967). A short account of the ideas of the young Marx and their relevance today.

R.N. Carew-Hunt, The Theory and Practice of Communism (London, 1963). Contains a rather over-schematised and unreliable section on Marx.

J. Carlebach, Karl Marx and the Radical Critique of Judaism (London, 1978). Very good on the Jewishness of Marx.

J. Carmichael, Karl Marx. The Passionate Logician (London, 1968). A shortish biography.

E. H. Carr, Karl Marx. A Study in Fanaticism (London, 1943). A well-written critical biography of medium length.

A.Carter, Marx: A Radical Critique (Brighton, 1988). A critique of Marx from an anarchist point of view.

T. Carver, Marx's Social Theory (Oxford, 1982). A short, clear exposition.

T. Carver, ed., The Cambridge Companion to Marx (Cambridge, 1991). A good collection of essays linking Marx to contemporary questions in the social sciences.

S. Chang, The Marxian Theory of the State (Philadelphia 1931; new ed. 1965). A good exposition, but one which conflates the ideas of Marx and Lenin.

G. Cohen, Karl Marx's Theory of History. A Defence (Oxford, 1978). A powerful book of great philosophical subdety and logical nuance.

G., Cohen, History, Labour and Freedom (Oxford, 1988). A collection revising, and expanding on, his earlier work.

G. D. H. Cole, What Marx Really Meant (London, 1934). A sympathetic and systematic exposition of Marx's ideas.

G.D. H. Cole, History of Socialist Thought (London, 1953, vols 1 and 2). A measured and well-researched placing of Marx in the history of socialist thought.

H.Collins and C. Abramsky, Karl Marx and the British Labour Movement. Years of

the First International (London, 1965). A very

well-documented

account

of Marx's part in the First International with special reference

to

Britain.

D. Conway, A Farewell to Marx: An Outline and

Appraisal

of

his

Theories

(Harmondsworth, 1987). An attempt to show

that Marx

got everything

wrong.

 

 

 

 

R.Cooper, The Logical Influence of Hegel on Marx (Seattle, 1925). An interesting, though dated, comparison of the dialectics of Hegel and Marx.

A.Cornu, The Origins of Marxian Thought (Springfield, 1957). Deals with the development of Marx's ideas up to the mid 1840s.

M.Curtis (ed.), Marxism (New York, 1970). A wide-ranging reprint of articles on Marx's thought.