Возможное КР с диска по инглишу №4

ТЕСТ I

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Our atomic age is more than 2000 years old. More than 2000 years ago Greek philosophers discussed the structure of the atom. Democritus suggested that all matter consisted of particles which are invisible, and indivisible. The Greeks called them atoms. The idea of atomic structure of matter was later almost forgotten. It came to life again at the beginning of the 19th century when the English chemist, John Dalton, introduced into science the following theory of atoms:

1.- all elements are composed of minute particles called atoms

2.atoms of. the same element are of equal weight, although they may differ in weight from atoms of other elements

3.atoms always combine and unite as wholes.

Since the time of Dalton knowledge of chemistry has advanced greatly. Outstanding achievements have been made in determining the fields of the structure of atom, biochemical fundamentals of life, chemical technology and mass production of chemicals and medicines.

From the point of view of the atomic theory a chemical element is a species of atoms characterized by a definite set of properties. The properties of all the atoms of any one element are the same and differ from those of the atoms of any other element. A simple substance is the result of combination of like atoms, it being the mode of existence of elements in their free state. The combination of different atoms gives rise to a complex substance. A molecule is the smallest possible quantity of a di-, tri-or polyatomic substance that retains the chemical properties of the substance. Molecules that are found in all substances travel fastest in gases, less rapidly in liquid and very slowly in solids. The weights of molecules are determined by the weights of the atoms that compose the molecules. Oxygen whose weight is given as 16, is taken as the standard for determining the relative weights of the atoms of elements. Every atom consists of one nucleus and one or more electrons. The nucleus is a small, heavy particle containing almost the mass of the atom.

1.2000 лет назад римские философы исследовали строение атомов.

2.Греки называли невидимую частицу атомом.

3.В средние века ученые уделяли большое внимание исследованию строения ядра.

4.Джон Дальтон предположил, что химический элемент состоит из одинаковых по массе атомов.

5.Свойства атомов одного элемента идентичны.

6.В газах движение молекул замедляется.

ТЕСТ II

Укажите нужную форму причастия, пропущенную в предложении.

1.The number of hydrocarbons __________ in the literature is more than one hundred thousand.

a.mentioning

b.mentioned

c.having mentioned

2.___________ the main problem, the scientist made a report on his researches.

a.solved

b.having solved

c.being solved

3.They were able to speak to all students except those _______ in the laboratory.

a.working

b.being worked

c.worked

4.__________ results have great importance.

a.having obtained

b.obtaining

c.obtained

5._______a very inert gas it is used for filling electric light bulbs.

a.being

b.having been

c.been

6._________ two substances, he put the mixture into a test-tube.

a.having been mixed

b.mixed

c.having mixed

ТЕСТ III

Выберите правильный вариант перевода подчеркнутой части предложения.

1. Having solved the problem, the scientist made a report on his researches.

а. при решении

b.решив с. решая

2.Taking into account the discoveries of the outstanding scientist and his fundamental works the Institute was given the name of D.I. Mendeleyev.

а. принимая во внимание

b.если бы приняли во внимание

с. после того, как рассмотрели…

3. The results obtained in the chemical laboratory will be published.

а. получили b. полученные с. получают

4. The experiment having been carried out, they made up their mind to have a rest.

а. проводя эксперимент

b.во время проведения экспериментов с. после окончания эксперимента

5.While carrying out the experiments, the researchers did not leave the laboratory.

а. при проведении

b.когда проводят

с. закончив эксперименты

6. Having obtained the necessary compound he could finish his experiment.

а. получив…

b. когда он получил… с. при получении…

ТЕСТ IV

Укажите перевод подчеркнутых слов.

1. Unlike oxygen, nitrogen is very unreactive.

а. различный

b.не похожий с. в отличие

2.Acid rain results from the release into the atmosphere of nitrogen oxide and sulfur oxide.

а. кислота

b.кислотный

с. кислотность

3. Data provided by the tests were processed by computers.

а. получили b. полученные с. при условии

4. In science solutions sometimes come incidentally.

а. раствор

b.микстура с. решение

5.They will be able to isolate the substance provided they understand its chemical properties.

а. если

b.полученные

с. обеспечили

6.Anodizing is a process by which aluminum and magnesium are coated with a layer of oxide.

а. укрывать

b. защитный слой с. покрывать

ТЕСТ V

Подберите к каждому определению соответствующий термин.

1.Highly ordered form of a geometrical solid made by natural process.

a.wood

b.crystal

c.stone

2.The smallest possible quantity of a di-, tri-, or polyatomic substance that retains the chemical properties of the substance.

a.molecule

b.atom

c.element

3.A hollow receptacle, especially for a liquid (a cask, tub…).

a.cup

b.test-tube

c.vessel

4.A mutual incorporation of two or more substances, without chemical union, the physical characteristics of each of the components being retained.

a.solution

b.mixture

c.suspension

5.Substance causing death or harm if absorbed by a living thing (animal or plant).

a.poison

b.gas

c.medicine

6.The dissolved substance in a solution.

a.solvent

b.base

c.solute

МОСКОВСКАЯ МЕДИЦИНСКАЯ АКАДЕМИЯ им. И.М. СЕЧЕНОВА

Кафедра иностранных языков

Контрольная работа №4 для студентов I курса заочного отделения фармацевтического факультета

Вариант 10

Москва 2002

ТЕСТ I

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The states of matter are few. There are three physical states of substance: gaseous, liquid and solid states. The existence of different kinds of solids, such as iron, wood and of some kinds of liquids has been recognized from the earliest times. But that similar difference existing amongst invisible gases has only been ascertained within a recent period. Solids have both a definite form and a definite volume tending to keep it. The particles of a solid are so rigidly connected to one another that they cannot move from place to place, they having minute vibrations about definite points. They are held in a pattern that repeats itself in three dimensions. Crystals are highly ordered form of a geometrical solid made by natural process. A gas or a gaseous body has neither a definite shape nor a definite volume. A gas cannot be kept in an open vessel. A liquid body must be kept in a vessel and adapts itself to the shape of the vessel. Liquids spread under the influence of gravity. To keep its upper surface horizontal liquid flows from a higher to a lower level. Liquids and gases are both called fluids. Many kinds of matter can be obtained in each of the three states. We know water to be a colorless liquid, but in very cold conditions it becomes a solid called ice, and heated on a fire becomes a vapor called steam. Water, consisting of molecules, is composed of two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. Chemically there is no difference between the liquid, the solid and the gas, all made up of molecules with the formula H2O. Most substances are only familiar to us in one state because temperature required to turn them into solids is very low or the temperature required to turn them into gases is too high.

The main difference between the states is the relative quantities of energy molecules possess in different states.

1.Мы давно знали о существовании различных газов.

2.Твердые тела имеют определенную форму.

3.Силы межмолекулярного взаимодействия в твердых телах велики.

4.Частицы в твердых телах легко перемещаются.

5.Для превращения некоторых веществ из одного состояния в другое требуется высокая температура.

6.При физических явлениях изменяется форма или физическое состояние веществ.

ТЕСТ II

Укажите нужную форму причастия, пропущенную в предложении.

1.They were able to speak to all students except those _______ in the laboratory.

a.working

b.being worked

c.worked

2.__________ results have great importance.

a.having obtained

b.obtaining

c.obtained

3.They worked ________the best modern equipment.

a.being used

b.used

c.using

4._______a very inert gas it is used for filling electric light bulbs.

a.being

b.having been

c.been

5.The results obtained in the chemical laboratory will be published.

а. получили

b.полученные с. получают

6.___________ the main problem, the scientist made a report on his researches.

a.solved

b having solved с.being solved

ТЕСТ III

Выберите правильный вариант перевода подчеркнутой части предложения.

1. The professor came into the lecture hall, the students following him.

а. когда студенты последовали за ним b. студенты идущие за ним

с. и студенты последовали за ним

2. When heated, metals melt.

а. нагреваясь…

b. при нагревании… с. когда нагревали…

3. The results obtained in the chemical laboratory will be published.

а. получили

b.полученные с. получают

4.Water exists as ice at low temperatures and as steam at higher temperatures, with the temperature depending upon pressure.

а. причем температура зависит от давления

b.с температурой, зависящей от давления

с. если температура зависит от давления

5. The method being discussed has been developed in this laboratory.

а. рассмотренный

b.который обсудили с. Обсуждаемый

6.Having obtained the necessary compound he could finish his experiment.

а. получив…

b.когда он получил…

с. при получении…