- •Building Materials and their main characteristics
- •Введение
- •V. Put the sentences into Past и Future Simple. Use the words last, next year, month, tomorrow, yesterday. Translate them into Russian.
- •VI. Learn the new words and word combinations to the text Cement.
- •VII . Read and translate the text Cement.
- •VIII. Work in pairs. Express the same in English.
- •IX. Work in pairs. Make up sentences from the following words. Translate them into Russian:
- •X. Work in pairs. Translate the sentences into English.
- •Topic Studies at the University
- •IV. Compare Simple Active and Passive verb forms. Translate them into Russian. Give the sentences of your own. Use the phrases, given below.
- •V. Use Simple Passive in the following sentences. Translate them into Russian. Compare the results with your partner.
- •VI. Work in pairs. Translate the sentences into English in writing.
- •VII. Learn the prepositions used after the following verbs and their meanings.
- •VIII. Learn the new words and word combinations to the topic Studies at the University.
- •IX. Read and translate the topic Studies at the University.
- •X. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
- •IV. Work in pairs. Choose the correct verb form. Translate the sentences
- •Into Russian.
- •V. Change Simple verb forms into Continuous ones. Use the words now,
- •VI. Put the sentences into Past Continuous Passive. Translate them into Russian.
- •VII. Learn the new words and word combinations to the text Concrete.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text Concrete.
- •IX. Work in pairs. Say the same in English.
- •X. Work in pairs. Make up sentences from the following words:
- •XI. Translate the sentences into English in writing.
- •XII. Choose a topic about raw materials, stages in producing, concrete properties or wide application. Act the dialogue with your partner.
- •XIII. Work in pairs. Ask and answer more questions about Concrete.
- •XIV. Sum up the text about Concrete.
- •I. Review degrees of comparison of adjectives.
- •II. Form the comparative and superlative degrees from the adjectives:
- •III. Choose the right form of adjectives or adverbs.
- •IV. Read the information and entitle the text. Convert feet to metres.
- •V. Learn the new words and word compositions to the topic Building materials.
- •VI. Read and translate the topic Building materials.
- •VII. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
- •IV. Translate these sentences into Russian.
- •V. Choose the correct verb forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VI. Work in pairs. Use Perfect Passive verb forms. Translate the sentences into Russian.
- •VII. Learn the new words and word combinations to the text Plastics.
- •VIII. Read and translate the text Plastics.
- •IX. Work in pairs. Say the same in English.
- •X. Work in pairs. Make up sentences from the following words. Translate them into Russian:
- •XI. Work in pairs. Translate the sentences into English in writing.
- •XII. Choose a topic about plastics in our life, unique combination of properties, advantages or application in future. Act the dialogue with your partner.
- •XIII. Work in pairs. Ask and answer more questions about Plastics.
- •XIV. Sum up the text Plastics.
- •I. Learn the new words and word combinations to the topic My Speciality.
- •II. Read and translate the text My Speciality.
- •III. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
- •IV. Choose a topic about construction as a career, builders services in future or demand for civil engineers today. Act the dialogue with your partner.
- •V. Say the same in English.
- •Sum up the topic about Your Speciality. The texts’ review Practise your reading and translating skills.
- •I. Read and translate the following information about Cement
- •II. Say the following in English.
- •III. Give your opinion.
- •I. Read and translate the following information about Concrete
- •II. Say the following in English.
- •III. Give your opinion.
- •I. Read and translate the following information about Plastics
- •II. Say the following in English.
- •III. Give your opinion.
- •Оглавление
- •Building Materials and their main characteristics
II. Read and translate the text My Speciality.
The profession of a builder is one of the most necessary, peaceful and noble. Man has always had a natural talent for building from different materials at hand and used them to the best advantage. The need for structures of all kinds was always great and unsatisfied. So civil engineering was one of the oldest practiced activities of civilized man and continues to be still.
Building is a collective activity. So people of different professions take part in construction: skilled and unskilled workers, drivers, bricklayers, plumbers, fitters, roofers, house painters, economists, civil engineers and architects.
Construction is a big business. It is a particular sphere that offers great opportunities for career development. Demand for engineers continues to be strong. Professionals are constantly required in planning, design, construction and restoration activities.
A civil engineer is a person who plans and understands the making of various structures. He also deals with design and construction of them. Civil engineers are problem-solvers. They are the key men to create working facilities and living space for the population using late building materials and techniques. They realize ideas in municipal and federal projects as new housing estates, modern highways,, leisure and educational facilities, industrial buildings, shopping centers and the like.
They oversee the work on site to ensure that it is completed on time and with in budget. Their work also includes public safety.
Structural engineers must calculate the loads and stresses that each element of the structure can withstand. Some can work in drawings and calculations of steel in prestressed concrete or reinforced concrete. They develop structural designs that are economic, safe and sound.
Consulting civil engineers can work in design departments and analyze the stresses in different elements for example beams, columns, floors. Consulting civil engineers also calculate what kind of foundation is required on particular soil conditions and supervise projects from start to completion.
Builders have already constructed the tallest, longest, largest and deepest structures in history. Engineering works have been built for the use and convenience of man. They mark the increasing mastery of man over nature towards a better life. Engineering becomes a very creative profession and global markets today demand creativity.
I enjoy working with other people. I can solve various engineering problems. I’ll design buildings that people would enjoy living in or working. I’ll be a civil engineer I like my future profession.
III. Discuss the following questions with your partner.
1. Comment on the following statement: «Construction is one of the national top priority projects in our country».
2. Characterize the profession of a builder (ancient, modern, responsible, prestigious, interesting, always required).
3. Civil engineering was one of the oldest practiced activities of civilized man.
Does it continue to be still?
4. Why do people of different professions take part in constructions? Name some of these professions.
5. What opportunities does construction offer for young people today?
6. Prove that civil engineers are problem-solvers. What problems do they solve?
7. Characterize the role of builders in municipal and federal projects.
8. Modern society needs different types of structures. Name some of them.
9. What makes a good engineer? (ambition, personal qualities, competence, an old tradition of your family, experience, a sense of humour, team job …).
10. What do civil engineers do?
They plan and understand…; realize bold ideas in…;
deal with…; oversee the work on site…
11. What is the work of structural engineers?
They calculate the loads and stresses…;
can work in drawings…;
develop and analyze…
12. Speak about the work of consulting civil engineers.
They analyze the stresses …; can work in design departments …
consult what kind of foundation …; supervise projects from start to …
13. How do you see your role in society? (by being educated, by doing your job as best as you can, to contribute by doing research that is intended to benefit the construction system).