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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (32), 2021 ISSN 2587-8093

Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation

Ministry of Science and Higher Education

of the Russian Federation

Scientific Journal

“MODERN LINGUISTIC AND

METHODICAL-AND-DIDACTIC RESEARCHES”

Voronezh State Technical University

The journal has been publishing since 2012

Issue 1 (32), 2021

CONTENTS

Fedorov V.A. Introductory remarks by editor-in-chief of the scientific journal «Modern

LINGUISTICS

Sokolova E.Ya., Kobenko Yu.V. Genre and stylistic peculiarities of scientific and technical

Zhilina I.A., Pankratova M.E. About the creation of a new semantic typologies of English

Lavrinenko I.Yu. The category “Space” in the English linguistic picture of the world (in the

Nadeina L.V., Pozdeeva G.P., Shvagrukova E.V. Metaphorical images of walking in the

METHODS AND DIDACTICS

Velichkova L.V., Abakumova O.V. Phonetic and psycholinguistic approach to consideration

Nekhaeva O.G. Business game in the process of learning English as a tool for developing

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Introductory Remarks by Editor-in-chief of the Scientific Journal

«Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches»

Issue 1 (32) of the scientific journal contains the following sections:

“Linguistics”, “Methods and Didactics”, “International Communication”, “Theory and Practice of Translation”. The first issue of the thirty second series contains 9 scientific articles.

Issue 1 (32) presents the most relevant theoretical and practical research results and helps to get insight into the most relevant tendencies in scientific researches in linguistics, methods and didactics of foreign languages teach-

ing, international communication, problems of theory and practice of translation, not only as a process, but also as a result. The works included in this issue contribute to approach to scientific truth that is an important challenge to every linguist.

The section “Linguistics” contains the works on a wide range of issues that hasn`t been studied deeply enough yet: genre-and-stylistic features of a technical text in the modern English language on the example of professional dialect (by E.Ya. Sokolova, Yu.V. Kobenko), new semantic typology of the English spatial adverbs (by I.A. Zhilina, M.E. Pankratova), category “Space” in the English language picture of the world (by I.Yu. Lavrinenko), dialectal metaphorical images of walking (by L.V. Nadeina, G.P. Pozdeeva, E.V. Shvagrukova).

The section “Methods and Didactics” is represented by the articles about phonetic and psycholinguistic approach to consideration of speech pathology (by L.V. Velichkova, O.V. Abakumova) and about business game as a method of learning English (by O.G. Nekhaeva).

The section “International Communication” contains several articles of different thematic on relevant issues of international communication: linguistic assessment as pragmatic aspect of influencing the addressee (by D.V. Denisov) and linguistic interpretation of non-verbal representation of behavior and communication of characters (by A.A. Semghoun).

The section “Theory and Practice of Translation” includes linguistic and literary analysis of Bunin’s short stories (by M.R. Miloud).

Linguistic section starts with the article by the Senior Lecturer of the Division for Foreign languages Elvira Ya. Sokolova in co-authorship with DSc, Professor of the Division for Foreign Languages Yuriy V. Kobenko (National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk) that analyzes the concept “Smart Energy System” and its compositional, lexical, grammatical and stylistic aspects. The authors point out syncretism of scientific-and-technical texts of these types and the use of system criterion, that makes it possible to create field model and reveal nuclear genres (scientific-and-technical articles, annotations, presentations, reports) and peripheral ones (standards, instructions, press-releases), characterized by pragmatizm, adressness and unity of professional interests of communicants, their close connection with the sphere of intellectual energetics. PhD in Philological Sciences, Associate Professor Irina A. Zhilina and PhD in Philological Sciences, Associate Professor Marina E. Pankratova (Voronezh Institute of The Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation, Voronezh) in their article present the mechanizm of creation of typology of English spatial adverbs taking into account polisemantic character of linguistic units. In the authors` opinion, the existing classification of adverbs doesn`t take into account polisemantic character of a word, while using comparative-and-parametric method, applied in the sdudying of adverbs, one may point out eighteen semantic types of the English adverbial word. The conducted research makes it possible to apply comparative-and-parametric method in the research and classification of the other parts of speech. In the article of “Linguistic Section“ by PhD in Philology, Associate Professor Irina Yu. Lavrinenko (Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh) presents research of the category of “Space” in the philosophical discourse in the English linguistic

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picture of the world using semantic-and-cognitive approach. Using interpretational and cognitive analysis the features of the near and far periphery of the concept “Garden” on the basis of the field model are determined. The article outlines the following nuclear features of the concept: limitation, cultivation of territory, being the place of leisure. The features of peripheral areas of the concept “Garden” are: space organization, activity in space, evaluation of space. The results of the analysis may contribute to further studying similar linguistic phenomena.

The next article of the section is by the authors: PhD in Philology, Associate Professor Luiza V. Nadeina, PhD in Philology, Associate Professor Galina P. Pozdeeva and PhD in Philology, Associate Professor Ekaterina V. Shvagrukova (Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk). The article concerns the analysis of the semantics of verbs of motion in the Scots dialect. Studying large class of the verbs of motion, the authors point out the role of metaphor as a means of assessment of motion. The revealed features of slow and fast movement show different ideas about motion in the mentality of the Scots. Fast movement is thought of within the concept “speed”, while slow motion – when describing social phenomena and person`s behavior.

The article of Doctor of Philological Sciences, Professor Ludmila V. Velichkova and PhD in Philology, Associate Professor Olga V. Abakumova (Voronezh State University,

Voronezh) in the section “Methods and Didactics” describes experimental analysis of speech rhythm disorder (that is, in the authors` opinion, the reason of stuttering). The authors come to the conclusion that rhythmic parameters of the texts are of paramount importance for the character of speech of the testee. A complex of exercises based on the rhythmical matrix of native language is recommended. It is noted that realization of this matrix will be more effective when using a range of gestures together with the use of prosodic means.

The next article is by PhD in Philology, Associate Professor of the Foreign Languages and Technology of Translation Department Olga G. Nekhaeva (Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh). It concerns business game as a method of the English language studying and as an instrument of communicative skills development. The author offers algorithm of preparation for and organization of the business game in learning English by the students of the specialties of IT-technology, Economics and Management. It is noted that business game, reflecting modern realities of life, motivates students to learning, contributes to development of communicative skills, introduces the students to the culture of the country which language they learn and prepares them for the future professional activity.

Section “Intercultural Communication” starts with the article by the clergyman of MarfoMariinsky Monastery, Post-graduate student Denis V. Denisov (Moscow Theological Academy, Moscow). It concerns the pragmatic analysis of the preaching of the bishop Vissarion

(Nechaev’s). Different evaluative means, used for specific and general assessment (the metalanguage in fact) to influence the preaching listener, requiring either approval or blame according to the Christian word view, are revealed. The next article is by Post Graduate student Amina A. Semghoun (University of Oran 2, Algiers). It addresses the life and artistic activity of A.P. Chekhov. The author presents biographical and chronological analysis on the material of milestones of life of the writer, that is of interest for all admirers of the literary works of A.P. Chekhov.

The section “Theory and Practice of Translation” contains the article of Doctor of Philology, Associate Professor Miloud Mohamed Rachid (Algiers University 2 named after Abu Elkassem Saad Allah, Algiers). The author outlines the results of the linguistic and literary analysis of short stories of I.A. Bunin “Dark Alleys”. Different linguistic aspects of the text of the stories are revealed. The author presents the description of the historic period, when the short stories were written, special attention is paid to linguistic means used to express the main idea and emotional states of the characters.

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The section ”Scientific Information” presents the overview of Doctor of Philology, Associate Professor Valery A. Fedorov (Voronezh State Technical University, Voronezh) on International Scientific-and-Practical Conference “Linguistic Picture of the World under the Conditions of Multilinguism and Multicultiralism: Translational, Linguistic and Didactic Aspects”, organized by the Faculty of Roman-and-German Philology of Voronezh State University. The participants of this on-line conference represented more than 40 Russian and foreign High Educational Institutions and other organizations. Relevant issues of the translation studies were discussed on plenary meetings, sections, work-shops, round tables.

The next overview by PhD in Philology, Associate Professor Lyudmila V. Lukina and Doctor of Philology, Professor Marina A. Sternina presents the information about All-Russian Scientific and Methodological Conference “Peculiarities of Teaching Foreign Languages in Modern Conditions”, organized by the English Chair for Science Departments of Voronezh State University and Voronezh Association of the English language Teachers. Over 80 specialists in the field of the foreign language teaching, University and school teachers from different cities of Russia took part in the conference. The conference was focused on the issue of consolidation of professional community for perfection of the strategies of linguistic education policy in the modern conditions of distant learning in the field of the foreign languages.

We believe that varied subject matters of the articles of this issue 1 (32), 2021 will be interesting for a wide range of readers. We would like to invite Russian and international scientists (Post-graduates, applicants, PhDs and Doctors of Sciences and other specialists) to publish the results of their researches in the forthcoming issues of the journal.

Editor-in-chief of the Scientific Journal “Modern linguistic and methodical-and-didactic researches” of Voronezh State Technical University, Doctor of Philology, Associate Professor, Head of the chair of foreign languages and translation technology

Valery A. Fedorov

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LINGUISTICS

DOI 10.36622/MLMDR.2021.32.1.001

UDC 811.111’276’6:620.9

GENRE AND STYLISTIC PECULIARITIES OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL TEXTS OF “SMART ENERGY SYSTEMS” PROFESSIOLECT

IN MODERN ENGLISH LANGUAGE

E.Ya. Sokolova, Yu.V. Kobenko

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Senior Lecturer of the Division for Foreign Languages Elvira Yakovlevna Sokolova

e-mail: SokolovaEYa@mail.ru

National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University DSc, Professor of the Division for Foreign Languages Yuriy Viktorovich Kobenko

e-mail: serpentis@list.ru

Statement of the problem. The purpose of this article is to describe the genre and stylistic peculiarities of the scientific and technical texts of the "Smart Energy Systems" professiolect in modern English.

Results. The genre content of the "Smart Energy Systems" professiolect is characterized by broad syncretism and in terms of its systemic features resembles a field structure, which study is advisable to conduct using the categorical pair “center vs. periphery". In this regard nuclear and peripheral genres of scientific and technical texts of the "Smart Energy Systems" professiolect were distinguished with a percentage ratio of 67.6% : 32.4%. The nuclear genres are: 1) scientific and technical article, 2) abstract, 3) presentation and 4) report. Peripheral genres are represented by: 1) standards for technologies and equipment; 2) instructional texts: manuals for specialists and consumers; 3) press release. The classification criteria of scientific and technical tests, modeling their general genre framework, are: a) the nature of the target audience; b) structural and compositional organization of the text; c) the repertoire of linguistic tools and their combination. The integrity of genre formations in the "Smart Energy Systems" functional repertoire is characterized by its thematic unity. The considered scientific and technical texts represent a symbiosis of linguistic resources belonging to different semiotic systems. Productive syntactic models that correspond to the nature of the textual material of the "Smart Energy Systems" professiolect are: detailed complex sentences with subordinate structures, compound sentences with a linear connection, passive and impersonal constructions.

Conclusion. Scientific and technical texts of the professiolect "Intelligent Energy Systems", represented by nuclear and peripheral genres, are closely related to research in the field of smart power industry. Communication within the studied professiolect is characterized by a pragmatic orientation, narrow-vector targeting and common professional interests of the communicants. The material is distinguished by the normative selection and combination of linguistic tools and high stereotype of syntactic structures. Along with features that unite all genres, each of them performs its own stylistic tasks, demonstrating the diverse nature of expressive tools and content.

Key words: professiolect "Smart energy systems", modern English language, genres, style of science, genre and stylistic peculiarities, functional repertoire, nuclear genres, peripheral genres.

For citation: Sokolova E.Ya. Genre and stylistic peculiarities of scientific and technical texts of “Smart energy systems” professiolect in modern English language / E.Ya. Sokolova, Yu.V. Kobenko // Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-didactic Researches”. – 2021. - № 1 (32). – P. 9-17.

Introduction.

The "Smart Energy Systems" (SES) professiolect exists in modern English as the

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© Sokolova E.Ya., Kobenko Yu.V., 2021

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language of a special communication environment created for interaction among researchers not only within English-speaking countries but also outside them. The SES text material is a collection of various types of scientific and technical texts (research articles, abstracts, reports, presentations, manuals, etc.) characterized by a common thematic entity and conceptual unity. Communication within the studied professiolect is distinguished by narrow-vector targeting, status equality of communicants and the community of their professional affiliation. The SES professiolect is defined in this paper as a language that is limited to a certain professional environment and has both oral and written nature of communication. As a component of the func- tional-stylistic variety of the "Style of Science" of the modern English language, the SES professiolect has its own genre stylistic and text content, and functions in the scientific communication. It exists mainly in a written and monologic form which is characterized by an impersonal manner and distinguishes by a special type of relationship created between the participants, defined by T.L. Vladimirova as a co-creation [1, p. 5]. The written works possess logical validity, thoughtfulness of the message, factual nature, weak expression of the author’s personality, lack of writer’s reflection and own judgments, since the result of the research is highlighted not the emotional state of the researcher [2, p. 34]. The use of the scientific style means supposes the observance of certain rules of scientific communication which prescribe authorization, adherence to the declared layout, and information verifiability with the focus on of facts and compliance with style norms. The emotional tone of the statement, which determines the functional content of the scientific work, is neutral.

Like any functional phenomenon, the SES professiolect is subject to functional and stylistic stratification. Thus, the recorded texts correlate with the following varieties of the functional style of science and its genres: 1) scientific (article, abstract, presentation); 2) scientific and formal (officialese) (report); 3) scientific and instructive (manuals for specialists and consumers); 4) scientific and reference (standards for technologies and devices) and 5) scientific and journalistic (press release). The genre content of the SES professiolect is represented by written pieces, which are processed, mediated, fixed and precise forms of communication. On the one hand, speech and compositional standardization of texts imposes restrictions on freedom of expression and, on the other hand, allows saving speech efforts. The integrity of genre formations in the SES functional repertoire is due to the thematic unity of the genres. Along with the features that unite all of the above genres, each of them performs its own stylistic tasks inherent only to it, and is characterized by a diverse nature of expressive means and content.

The purpose of this article is to describe the genre and stylistic peculiarities of scientific texts of the "Smart Energy Systems" professiolect in the modern English language.

Methodology of the research.

The object of the research is scientific and technical texts of the SES professiolect; subject – their genre and stylistic features.

The material base of the study includes English scientific and technical texts in the SES field over the period of 2015–2020 with the total volume of 987 conventional units of the printed text. The following English-language materials are used as examples for representing genre varieties: 1) 35 scientific and technical English articles published by leading scientific high impact factor journals; 2) 28 texts of scientific abstracts from the collection of conference materials [1 *]; 3) 16 presentations freely available on the website of the 4th International Conference on Smart Energy Systems and 4th Generation District Heating [2 *], 4) Report of International Energy Outlook, 2016 (International Energy Forecast) [3 *] by the U.S. Energy Information

Administration and “A Smart, Flexible Energy System. A call for evidence” [4 *] prepared by the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy and the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (Ofgem); 5) international standards [5 *] and [6 *], developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) in cooperation with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO); 6) 2 manuals for specialists [7 *] and [8 *]; 7) 3 manuals for con-

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sumers [9 *], [10 *] and [11 *]; 8) a press release of the official speech made by the British Prime Minister Boris Johnson [12 *].

Research approach and methods. The methodological basis for identifying genre and stylistic features of scientific and technical texts devoted to SES in the modern English language is a system-functional approach aimed at systematizing the expressive means of the speech repertoire of the studied professiolect. To achieve the desired goal of the conducted research, a corpus of general and private scientific methods and techniques was used:

-methods of logic: analysis (highlighting means of expression in scientific and technical texts); synthesis (grouping of expressive means in accordance with the expressive task to be solved); induction (determining the connection between expressive means and their functions); comparison (finding out similarities or differences in the stylistic and syntactic design of scientific and technical texts); generalization (defining common genre properties of scientific and technical texts);

-dialectical methods (the review of the development, interconnection and causality of the genre and stylistic content of the SES professiolect); grouping method (structural, typological and analytical segmentation of empirical research material according to its essential characteristics);

-specific scientific (linguistic) methods: descriptive method (description of genre and stylistic features of scientific and technical texts of the SES professiolect), information extraction method (analysis of expressive means in scientific and technical texts of the SES professiolect).

Results of the research.

The stylistic framework of the SES professiolect reveals a stable affinity with the scientific style of the modern English language, while the genre content is characterized by broad syncretism. It should be noted that the general genre picture in its systemic features is in many ways reminiscent of the field structure, which study is advisable to conduct through the categorical pair “center vs. periphery". In this regard, two types were distinguished: 1) nuclear and

2)peripheral genres of scientific and technical texts of the SES professiolekt. The percentage ratio makes up 67.6%: 32.4%. The total number of pages of the text material representing nuclear genres is 667 pages, including: articles – 444, abstracts – 18, presentations – 37, reports – 168; the number of pages of peripheral genres is 320 with the following division: standards – 67, manuals for specialists – 166, manuals for consumers – 85, press release – 2.

1. Nuclear genres are presented by: 1) a scientific and technical article, 2) an abstract, 3) a presentation and 4) a report.

1. Scientific and technical article is the central genre of the scientific style and performs informative, axiological and epistemological functions. It shows in detail the results of scientific study and reflects the stages of the scientific and cognitive activity: hypothesis, systematization, interpretation and verification of theoretical knowledge. The classification criteria of the scientific and technical article genre, modeling its general genre framework, are: a) the nature of addressness; b) structural and compositional organization; c) the repertoire of linguistic means and their speech combination.

A. The nature of addressness. Addressness is the communicative and pragmatic focus of the text on the subject of its perception implemented through a set of linguistic methods and means. Despite the prospective status equality of communicants as well as the commonality of their professional affiliation, the author has a communicative priority, since he is the initiator of communication [9, p. 47]. On the other hand, the addressee is not a passive recipient of the information, since the scientific and technical article distinguishes by a special focus of speech on the reader and is designed for co-partnership and co-thinking [3, p. 82]. Therefore, the dual nature of communicative interaction reflects the dialogic essence which is inherent in targeting.

B. Structural and compositional organization of the text. In terms of compliance with the classical criteria and compositional requirements for an article layout published in an interna-

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tional scientific journal, it is a textual model (matrix) consisting of formal parts IMRAD (Introduction, Methods, Results and Discussion). Each part contains a certain solid information fragment (block) with the appropriate title. The basic principle of the division is logical, where each element of the text performs its function in unity with others [4, p. 12]. 87% of analyzed scientific and technical articles contain only two formal elements: Introduction and Conclusion. The main part (Results) is represented by numbered sections of comparable length. Speech actions like "statement of the problem" and "substantiation of the relevance and the review of papers" are implemented not within the framework of separate sections, but in the Introduction. "Description of results" and "discussion" are integrated into the main sections. All analyzed scientific articles contain a special block “Acknowledgment” which is a means of generally accepted etiquette behavior. The list of references is an additional informative source that confirms the reliability of the study, facilitates the search for the original source, and contributes to the increase of the researcher’s bibliographic culture. It is noted that all scientific and technical articles have an extensive bibliography (from 36 to 223 sources). Despite the differences in the constituent parts, each of the analyzed texts includes such permanent structural units as the introduction, main part, conclusion and bibliography.

C. Linguistic means repertoire and their speech combinatorics. The reviewed English articles are published online and represent creolized texts, i.e. contain textual and graphic parts (pie charts, diagrams, tables, etc.). One of the properties of academic voice is its latent dialogics, which is due to the communicative function of the language. The form of its manifestation is different: “conversation” with an ideological like-minded person or opponent; internal dialogue with the objectified "I" [3, p. 78-79]. The means of explication of the dialogics category in scientific and technical articles are as follows: question and answer complex; intertextual inclusions (reference to the text, citations within the text, appeal to the reader's outlook); indirect speech; imperative forms; rhetorical questions; parenthesis; different ways of expressing recommendations (should, need, it is necessary + Infinitive); marking-out; explanations using the abbreviation i.e. and e.g. from the Latin id est and exempli gratia, respectively. The above means allow the author to structure the detailed and complex information, making it easier for reading: Improving the opportunities for portfolio balancing (e.g., by setting the final gate closure time closer to the time of delivery) or the incentives for portfolio balancing (e.g., by applying an imbalance pricing mechanism that results in higher imbalance prices) improves the accuracy of system balance planning, but may cause inefficient real-time balance management

[13*, p. 191]. The lexical feature of a scientific and technical article is the use of a term system that forms its conceptual apparatus. To interpret the terms in the most optimal form the following adaptive methods are used: various definitions; explanatory context; commenting segments; specification at the hyperonymous and hypononymous level; etymological information. As a more expressive term presentation the following stylistic methods are employed: i) metaphor;

ii)hyperbole; iii) iteration.

i)Metaphors are used to nominate new objects and phenomena when common features with existing ones are found: carbon-intensive fossil fuel, particle swarm optimization (PSO).

ii)Hyperbole is characteristic for situations when there is a need to emphasize the uniqueness of a certain technical object and its functional superiority: Supercapacitor Energy Storage System.

iii)Iteration is a means of text coherence aimed at maintaining the unity of the topic and the accuracy of the object description: The Smart Grid is everything from generation through to home automation with a smart meter being an important element, with every piece of network equipment, communications technology and processes in between contributing to an efficient and smart grid. A completely Smart Grid of the future will enable appliances in the home to communicate with the smart meter and enable the networks to ensure … [14*, p. 414].

2. Abstract of scientific literature is a secondary scientific and informative product with a high degree of semantic compression. The leading function of scientific abstract, according to

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O.M. Silkina, is signal (significative), since the significance of the study is assessed by its content and the decision is made on the relevance / irrelevance of information, on the importance / inexpediency to read the entire work [5, p. 71]. The abstract has the following features: a) compositional, b) lexical, c) grammatical and d) stylistic.

А. A. Compositional features. In terms of composition, the abstract forms a syntactic unity with a certain invariant structural model: a heading, one paragraph with thematic and semantic completeness as well as a clear sequence of the information presentation, and a list of keywords. The abstract refers to small-format texts. The average number of sentences in the analyzed papers varies from 6 to 9. In all abstracts, the absence of illustrative and quotation blocks was noted. Special linking devices are widely used to ensure cohesion, and internal logical coherence of elements: first, thereafter, however, finally, etc.

B.Lexical features. The choice of lexical means is determined by the communicative goal – to give a concise and informative description of a primary text. The abstract like other genre varieties of the scientific style is characterized by high terminology. Let’s present statistical data: of 122 words in the abstract to the article “Large-signal modeling of three-phase dual active bridge converters for electromagnetic transient analysis in DC grids” [15 *, p. 1684–

1696], terms and terminological composites account for about 50% (54 words): DC grid, AC grid, generalized average model, etc. When duplicating one term in the text, it is typical to use abbreviations: battery energy storage systems (BESS), and also nomens: three-phase dual active bridge (3p-DAB) converter. A wide use of speech cliches is noted in the analyzed abstracts: The paper presents an overview…, The paper makes a review…; The objective of the paper is to highlight…, The results evidence that…, The obtained results show that….

C.Grammatical features. It is typical for English abstract to use complex sentences. The spectrum of grammatical forms of the Present, implying the static nature and timelessness is represented by the following Tenses: 1) Present Simple Active (48, 8%): The increased penetration level of inverter-based distributed generation (DG) reduces the inertia of the grid and thus affects the transient stability of the network [16*, p. 4]; 2) Present Simple Passive Voice (23,8%): Two transition pathways towards a 100% renewable energy (RE) power sector by 2050 are simulated for Europe using the LUT Energy System Transition model [17*, p. 80].

D.Stylistic features. The strict structure of the scientific abstract, the presence of certain prescriptions regarding the volume and content are reflected in the stylistics of the text: a neutral tone of presentation without emotional connotations, the absence of exclamation, interrogative, imperative sentences and rhetorical questions, the presence of units with abstract semantics. The primary text transformation with its formal and content structure changes results in

“saturation” of the abstract with new functional dominants [6, p. 6].

4. Presentation. In presentations, the stages of scientific research are compressed: hypothesis formulation based on empirical data, proof and its verification. The main characteristics of presentations are thematic unity, compositional layout, specific design, rationality (average length - 22 slides), factual information, consistency, accuracy, evidence, concentration, and visibility. In 87% of presentations, visual material prevails over the text and offers a great variety of photographs of real objects, tables, mind maps, graphs, etc. Presentations are characterized by high terminological richness, the use of nominative constructions, short, simple informative sentences (Storage to Cover Consumption peak 5 GWhe = around 17 GWhth) and rhetorical questions (Why does this transition not happen in Denmark ??). A productive syntactic model is Passive Voice, which is an economical means of presenting fragments of reality and logically fits into the general tissue of reasoning [7, p. 9–12]: Solar combined is expected to be at the same level as wind power in 2025 [2 *]. The presentations differ in a relatively free structure, however, all of them consist of 3 main components: introduction, main part and conclusion.

5. Report. A typical composition of the studied texts is represented by: 1) the title page,

2)the forward / preface), 3) the content, 4) sections (with titled and numbered subsections), 5)

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