Учебное пособие 1434

It is of interest to note the metaphorical comparison of garden`s objects – the figures made of different colours of grounds – with confectionery products:

As for the making of knots or figures with divers coloured earths, that they may lie under the windows of the house on that side which the garden stands, they be but toys: you may see as good sights many times i n t a r t s [1*].

The metaphorical transference in the above example is based on similarity of the form of garden`s greenery and home baking. Lexeme tart in the English language denotes a pie with fruit filling, confectionery with jam tightly covered with dough. The basis for association of the figures with tarts is their accurate, petite form. Also, comparing garden object with gastronomic reality, belonging to hedonistic category, giving both gluttonic (pleasure from eating tasty food) and aesthetic (pleasure from visualizing accurate and beautiful object) pleasure reveals garden in F. Bacon`s discourse as an object of enjoyment, demonstrates the philosopher`s admiration with every detail of the garden`s ensemble.

Gluttonic objects are often used as objects for comparison in the English linguistic consciousness. For example, in the novels of Joanne Rowling descriptions of gastronomic realities is not only of cultural value, but also a special characteristics of the author`s style [19, p. 150160].

Special attention in the philosophic discourse is paid to limitations of space and conditions when they occur. Owing to this, in lexical-and-semantic field of the phenomenon “space” the group of features conditions for placement are elicited. These features are connected with climatic conditions of the area, other objects, favorable agrotechnical conditions (temperature and airspace) and can be presented within the following sub-subgroups:

According to the analysis of the sub-subgroups above in the organization of garden space there is some freedom and chaotic character, in particular, the lack of system ordering. Besides, garden objects are organized according to the principle of deriving pleasure from visualization of space, that is the hedonistic feature of “space”.

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 1 (32), 2021 ISSN 2587-8093

The most discrete and dominating in the number of examples is the group of features of the space of garden as geometrical category (1.1.) that gives the image of garden empirical character, represents it as a technocratic phenomenon, in which the influence of man is inevitable felt.

One of the specific features in the phenomenon “space” is the representation of F. Bacon is the tendency to miniaturization of images. The author points out the small size of separate objects: little turret, little figure, little low hedges, low little bushes, a mount of some pretty height and moderation (inexpressiveness) of forms (gently slope). This fact demonstrates that beauty and aesthetic quality for F. Bacon are indispensible components of space. The author is scrupulous in describing small details which are as important for him as the territory of garden as a whole. A wide range of phenomena which F. Bacon describes, from the miniature ones to big ones, demonstrates global nature and large scale of linguistic personality of the author.

The fact, that the features of garden as a phenomenon with some geometric parameters are represented by the most number of examples, means that parametrical features occupy the most area of the lexical-and-semantic field of the phenomenon “space”. The features incorporated in the field “Activities in the area of garden” and “Evaluation of the area of garden” are represented by less number of nominees and, consequently, they occupy the less area of the cognitive structure of the phenomenon “space”.

Below is the analysis of the group of features of space in the philosophical discourse of F. Bacon, connected with the use of space for man`s activity, namely: A c t i v i t i e s i n t h e garden`s s p a c e . In the result of the interpretational analysis of the contexts, describing the garden`s space, we revealed a range of verbs, denoting the activity in the area of garden.These verbs can be represented in the following groups depending on their lexical-and-semantic meaning:

1) v e r b s , d e n o t i n g a c t i v i t i e s o n g a r d e n ` s d e v e l o p m e n t :

to build, to garden, to cut, to remove, to set, to divide, to assign, to enclose, to plant, to encompass, to raise, to leave, to pave, to rise, to frame, to prick upon, to keep, to fill, to give, to hedge, to gravel, to range, to make, to add;

2) v e r b s , d e t e r m i n i n g a c t i v i t i e s o n u s i n g g a r d e n a s a l e i s u r e r e s o r t : to walk by, to go, to see, to deliver, to look;

3) v e r b s , d e t e r m i n i n g a c t i v i t i e s , d e s t r o y i n g g a r d e n ` s o r d e r - i n g : to tread upon, to crush.

As you can see from the quantity of the given above groups of verbs, the most number of them convey the features, connected with development of the garden`s territory, active growing process. This quantitative superiority demonstrates that the primary activity of man on the territory of garden, within the garden`s space, is to perfect it. The second group of verbs conveys the features of the activity, connected with the leisure time spending. This activity is mostly static or is connected with translational movement. It characterizes the space of garden as a place for relaxation, visualization of nature.

The groups of verbs, determining destructive activity in the garden, is scarce. This fact proves the hypothesis that the space of garden in the philosophical understanding of F. Bacon is to be used for creation and experiment, integrity violations is minimal.

Taking into consideration the quantity of the verbs, conveying the meaning of activities on garden`s development, and the verbs, nominating activities on using garden as a leisure resort, one may conclude that the character of activities in the space of garden is predominantly creative.

Due to the tendency of the author to creation of highly aesthetic images of garden, it is quite natural that in the range of features of the space of garden there are the ones, presenting the evaluation of spatial realities. These features can be united in the group: E v a l u a t i o n o f t h e g a r d e n ` s s p a c e . Following V.E. Karasic, evaluation is based on the people`s values which in turn represent basic characteristics of nation`s culture [20, p. 18]. Thus, evalua-

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Supposedly, this type of features occupies the least cognitive area of the structure of the phenomenon “space”, so evaluation is not a dominating feature in the contents of the phenomenon.

Conclusion.

According to the conducted analysis, phenomenon “space” in the English picture of the world is characterized by specific features. It determines a certain area – the space of garden – as phenomenon of the philosophical-and-technocratic range. Contrast to the idea of space in the

Russian picture of the world, the features of “space” in the English culture represent the “area of private comfort”, “protected territory” with the division between “the private” and “the common”. Phenomenon “space” in the English picture of the world is an object of philosophical consideration, in particular, it is realized in the locus garden.

The space of garden in the philosophical discourse is a complex natural phenomenon. The features of garden are incorporated within three groups, which demonstrate connection of garden`s space with such areas of life as: construction of garden (location of its elements), demonstrated by the group of features “O r g a n i z a t i o n ( s t r u c t u r i n g ) o f g a r - d e n ` s s p a c e ”; activities of man in garden, incorporated in the group “A c t i v i t i e s i n

group “O r g a n i z a t i o n ( s t r u c t u r i n g ) o f g a r d e n ` s s p a c e ”, where the placement of garden`s objects: their horizontal and vertical position, size and form are revealed. The fact that organization of garden`s space in the philosophical discourse is paid so much attention to makes us consider garden in the understanding of F. Bacon as structural-and-parametrical model of life.

As the revealed features show, for the linguistic picture of the world of F. Bacon geometrical parameters of garden: the degree of its territorial isolation, horizontal and vertical location of objects, are primarily important. Accuracy in following the rules of objects` location was probably regarded by F. Bacon as conditions for realizing gardens purpose, that is, to be a place for leisure activities and aesthetic pleasure.

The space of garden in the philosophical discourse of F. Bacon is characterized by the features, presenting it as a laboratory and experimental environment, which objects are in strict parametrical and climatic conditions, united in common interconnected and interdependent system. Space for F. Bacon may supposedly be a miniaturized model of the world, where all the object follow strict laws of nature, but also are under close attention and control of man. Union of the powers of man and nature – that is what determines the conditions of life, the place where person lives and the way he or she perceives the world.

Lexical-and-semantic analysis revealed the features of garden as actional medium for a man. The range of verbs, connected with man`s activity for exact placement of garden`s objects (to cut, to build, to remove, etc.) show the garden`s space not as a place for passive contemplation, but as a locus for bustling activity of man to make it more refined, sophisticated and noble.

Garden`s space for F. Bacon is first and foremost a cultivated medium, a collaboration of natural powers and man`s abilities, the object of application of knowledge and experience in garden art, demonstration of man`s ability to perceive the beauty, his or her skills to create esthetically high images with the objects of vegetation.

Conducted linguistic research of the texts of F. Bacon reveals additional features to fulfill the linguistic picture of the world of this philosopher concerning his ideas about the image of the world, which he regarded as the place of constant experiment. Space in the philosophical discourse of F. Bacon is a pragmatic phenomenon, strict compilation of geometric parameters, that makes it possible to perform its function: to act as a locus for application for man`s empirical knowledge, technology and eventually give humanity aesthetic pleasure and inner balance from communication with nature.

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To sum up, space for F. Bacon is a medium for cooperation and interconnection of man and nature, dominating role of a creator and initiator being performed by man. This cooperation was to result in man`s comfort and serve a stimulus for his or her improvement of natural environment. Such is the ideal image of the Bacon`s world and his natural philosophy, the postulates of which he diligently signified in his works.

References

[1]Filosofskoe uchenie o prostranstve i vremeni kak osnovnyh atributah materii, URL: http://filosofedu.ru/index.php/voprosy-dlja-vstupitelnogo-jekzamena-po-filosofii/895- filosofskoe-uchenie-o-prostranstve-i-vremeni-kak (vremja obrashhenija - 20.01.19).

[2]Nacional'naja filosofskaja jenciklopedija, URL: http://terme.ru/termin/prostranstvo.html, (vremja obrashhenija – 18.01.19).

[3]N.D. Arutjunova, O novom, pervom i poslednem//Logicheskij analiz jazyka: jazyk i vremja [Tekst] / N.D. Arutjunova: sb. st. – M.: Indrik, 1997, cit. Osyka M.V. Sposoby verbalizacii koncepta «prostranstvo», URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/v/sposoby- verbalizatsii-kontsepta-prostranstvo, vremja obrashhenija – 08.02.2019.

[4]L.G. Vikulova. Kommunikacija. Teorija i praktika: uchebnik / L.G. Vikulova, M.R. Zheltuhina, S.A. Gerasimova, I.V. Makarova. – M.: Izdatel'skij dom VKN, 2020. – 336 s., s. 237.

[5]Gumbol'dt V. Izbrannye trudy po jazykoznaniju. – M.: Prosveshhenie, 1984. –

397 s.

[6]Sepir Je. Izbrannye trudy po jazykoznaniju i kul'turologii.- M., 1993. Uorf B. Otnoshenie norm povedenija i myshlenija k jazyku. Nauka i jazykoznanie. Lingvistika i logika //Novoe v lingvistike.- M., 1960.- S.135-198.

[7]Zhuminova A.B., Husajnova Sh.S. Koncept prostranstvo v strukture jazykovoj kartiny mira, https://articlekz.com/article/19517.

[8]Osyka Marina Vladimirovna Sposoby verbalizacii koncepta «Prostranstvo» // Vestnik IGLU. 2009. №3 (7). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/sposoby-verbalizatsii- kontsepta-prostranstvo (data obrashhenija: 31.01.2021).

[9]Radchuk O. A. Osobennosti lingvokul'turnogo i pojeticheskogo konceptov Raum / O. A. Radchuk // Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2, Jazykoznanie. – 2014. – №3 (22). – S. 110-116. – DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2014.3.14.

[10]Langlois, J. (2020). Language and cognitive science: How language affects reasoning and memory. Training, Language and Culture, 4(3), 66-76. Doi: 10.22363/2521-442X-2020-4-3-66- 76 p. 68.

[11]Popova Z.D.. Ponjatie «koncept» v lingvisticheskih issledovanijah/ Z.D. Popova,

I.A. Sternin. - Voronezh: Izd-vo Voronezh. gos. un-ta, 1999, s. 12-15.

[12]Popova Z.D., Sternin I.A. Kognitivnaja lingvistika - M.: AST, Vostok-Zapad, 2007. - 315 c., C. 24.

[13]Katsaounis, N. (2020). Language and the pandemic: The construction of semantic frames in Greek-German comparison. Training, Language and Culture, 4(3), 55-65. Doi: 10.22363/2521-442X-2020-4-3-55-65, p. 56.

[14]Kozlovskaya, N. V., Rastyagaev, A. V., & Slozhenikina, J. V. (2020). The creative potential of contemporary Russian political discourse: From new words to new paradigms. Training, Language and Culture, 4(4), 78-90. Doi: 10.22363/2521-442X-2020-4-4-78-90, p. 79.

[15]Arutjunova, N.D. Diskurs / N.D. Arutjunova // Lingvisticheskij jenciklopedicheskij slovar' / Gl. red. V.N. Jarceva –

M.: Sov. Jenciklopedija, 1990. – S.136.

[16]Z.D. Popova, I.A. Sternin. Semantiko-kognitivnyj analiz jazyka, Monografija. Voronezh: izd-vo «Istoki», 2007. 250 s. C. 123.

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[17]Habibullaeva Nazgul' Zulumbekovna Koncept «Lichnoe prostranstvo» v anglijskoj i kyrgyzskoj lingvokul'turah // Aktual'nye issledovanija. 2019. №2 (2). URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/kontsept-lichnoe-prostranstvo-v-angliyskoy-i-kyrgyzskoy- lingvokulturah (data obrashhenija: 25.01.2021).

[18]Lavrinenko I.Ju. Specifika arhitektoniki koncepta «Garden/Sad» v filosofskom diskurse (na materiale traktata F. Bjekona «The Essays») / I.Ju. Lavrinenko// Nauchnyj zhurnal «Sovremennye lingvisticheskie i metodiko-didakticheskie issledovanija». – 2018. – vyp. 3 (39). – S. 32-47.

[19]Kapkova S.Ju. Gastronomicheskie realii v hudozhestvennom tekste dlja detej (na materiale cikla romanov o Garri Pottere Dzh. K. Rouling)/ S.Ju. Kapkova // Nauchnyj zhurnal «Sovremennye lingvisticheskie i metodiko-didakticheskie issledovanija». – 2018. – Vyp. 3 (39). – S. 150160.

[20]Karasik, V. I. Jazykovyj krug: lichnost', koncepty, diskurs / V. I. Karasik. – Volgograd: Peremena, 2002. – 477 s. S. 18.

Analyzed sources

[1*] Bacon F. The Essays and Counsels Civil and Moral / F. Bacon. – New York, Charles Scribner`s Sons, 1908. – 293 p.

Dictionaries used

[1**] Filosofija logika i metodologija nauki Tolkovyj slovar' ponjatij. 2010 g.. Levin V.I., URL: https://terme.ru/slovari/filosofija-logika-i-metodologija-nauki-tolkovyi-slovar- ponjatii-2010-g.html (vremja obrashhenija - 24.01.2021).

[2**] Filosofsko-terminologicheskij slovar' 2004. Pod red. Malyshevskogo A.F., URL: https://terme.ru/slovari/filosofsko-terminologicheskii-slovar-2004.html (vremja obrashhenija - 24.01.2021).

(vremja obrashhenija – 15.08.18).

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DOI 10.36622/MLMDR.2021.32.1.004

UDC 811. 111’ 282.2’ 373.612.2 = 152.2

METAPHORICAL IMAGES OF WALKING IN THE SCOTS DIALECT

OF THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE

L.V. Nadeina, G.P. Pozdeeva, E.V. Shvagrukova

Tomsk Polytechnic University Division for Foreign Languages,

PhD in Philology, Associate Professor Luiza Vasilievna Nadeina

e-mail: louise@tpu.ru

Tomsk Polytechnic University Division for Foreign Languages,

PhD in Philology, Associate Professor Galina Petrovna Pozdeeva

e-mail: pgp@tpu.ru

Tomsk Polytechnic University Division for Foreign Languages,

PhD in Philology, Associate Professor Ekaterina Vasilievna Shvagrukova e-mail: shvagrukova@tpu.ru

Statement of the problem. The article attempts to explore the semantics of verbs denoting progressive movement in the Scots dialect and to identify the ways of metaphorical modeling of the semantics of walking in the Scottish dialect lexical metaphor. The objectives of the study include the definition of such a group of the dialectical verb metaphorical vocabulary, identification of the parameters by which the creation of a metaphorical image of the progressive type of movement takes place, as well as the description of the sphere of axiological orientation of metaphorical images of this type of movement in the Scottish dialect.

Results of the study. The results of the study showed that the class of verbs of progressive motion is the most numerous and most differentiated of all classes of verbs of motion. The work shows not just the study of a certain form of movement, but the identification of those components of semantics in the dialectical verb vocabulary, which are the basis of metaphorical likening of processes and phenomena of different spheres of activity. In the analysis of the verb vocabulary, which in its original nominative meaning represents movement, we not only did the relationship of dialectic verbs of motion with the assessment be investigated, but also determined what additional appraisal meanings they reflect.

Conclusion. As part of the study, the authors concluded that since the verbs representing movement on a hard surface were analyzed, the "speed" component is one of the main traits on which metaphorical transfer was based. Therefore, through the image of slow motion metaphorically understands the physiological, emotional, psychological spheres of the person, and the rapid movement, represented not only by fast walking, but also by running, figuratively understands as a characteristic of social phenomena, actions and behavior of a person.

Key words: verbs of motion, Scottish dialect, metaphor, hard surface, sema, figurative interpretation, forward movement, speed.

For citation: Nadeina L.V. Metaphorical images of walking in the Scots dialect of the English language / L.V. Nadeina, G.P. Pozdeeva, E.V. Shvagrukova // Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-didactic Researches”. – 2021. - № 1 (32). – P. 40-49.

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© Nadeina L.V., Pozdeeva G.P., Shvagrukova E.V., 2021

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Introduction.

Despite the fact that recently a large number of works have appeared that are closely related to such a numerous class of verbs as verbs of movement, it is noted that interest and attention to them does not wane.

What is the reason for the increased attention of Russian and foreign researchers to the study of this type of verbs? The interest in this lexical-semantic group of verbs is explained by the fact that, firstly, it is one of the most ancient verb groups, and, secondly, this group is unusually diverse, representing a huge lexical layer in different languages, and, thirdly, this group of verbs shows the national specifics of the interpretation and perception of the semantics of movement by representatives of different peoples. Moreover, attention to the study of this group of verbs is determined by mere understanding that in the world surrounding a person almost everything is in motion, since movement is life.

Definitions of the verbs of movement were given in many classical works on lexical semantics (C. Fillmore, V.A. Plungyan, V.L. Ibragimova, B. Toshovich, and many others). Following modern Russian and foreign linguists, we will adhere to a simple definition and understand by the verbs of motion the movement of a subject (or object) in space, i.e. such a process and a situation, when the subject at some point in time is in one place, we will call this location

“localization 1”, and at the next moment it will be the location “localization 2” [1; 2; 3; 4].

This paper examines the semantics of verbs denoting progressive movement in the English language dialect, namely, the Scots dialect. It should be explained why the choice fell on this dialect. It is known that Scotland is a region, which is rich in linguistic traditions, therefore, the modern status of the Scots dialect attracts special attention, and despite the huge variety of dialects that are common on the islands of Britain, it becomes the object of numerous studies in the works of Russian linguists [5; 6; 7; 8].

Scientists in their works emphasize that Scots has a number of features that raise its linguistic status while comparing this dialect with other territorial dialects. If we consider these features in detail, then they certainly include, firstly, a relatively large number of structural features of this dialect, related, mainly, to vocabulary and phonetics; secondly, an independent history; thirdly, the vast and well-defined area of distribution and, finally, the use of Scots in literary works.

Interest in dialects is not weakening at present, and this is not accidental. Indeed, dialects are one of the main sources for the study of the history of language, since they can retain such linguistic phenomena that have disappeared in the literary language. They also make it possible to clarify some facts from the history of the language, which, in turn, help to comprehend the processes taking place in the language today.

Research Methodology.

Relevance of research. There is a huge number of works devoted to the group of verbs, in the semantics of which the seme of movement of an object in space is nuclear. Also, we can register the unquenchable interest to continue exploring this class of verbs within the framework of cognitive science. Meanwhile, it becomes especially relevant to study the features of Scottish dialect verbs and determine their place in the world-modeling activity of linguistic consciousness.

Previously, the semantics of movement was mainly studied in the structural and semantic aspect, since it acted as a component of the originality of the verbal semantics. Currently, linguistic means of expressing movement are considered differently. The motion helps to see the world in dynamics, it represents that part of the worldview, which is called dynamic.

The images of physical movement in space, which are contained in the semantics of the verbs of motion, are indispensable in order to show the objective world. The linguistic embodiment of the objective world, where the person himself/herself is a part, represents the linguistic worldview (LW). It should be noted that it, in turn, is very closely related to metaphor. Recent-

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ly, in linguistics metaphor has been viewed as one of the most productive ways of organizing and presenting LW arising as a result of cognitive processing and manipulation of meanings, already existing in the language, in order to create new concepts and obtain new meanings. The metaphor helps to see and consider the new through what is already known, in other words, through something captured in the mind of a person as a meaning of a linguistic unit.

The main direction of this research is to identify the originality of a fragment of the Scottish linguistic worldview, which is formed on the basis of a systemic rethinking of metaphorical nominations, the semantics of movement in the Scots dialect.

The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that in this work the semantics of movement represented by the group of verbs of motion in the Scottish dialect, or, more precisely, by verbs of progressive movement is investigated and described as the basis for creating a system of metaphorical images.

Object and subject of research. The subject of the research is the figurative interpretation of the semantics of movement in the Scottish dialect (Scots).

The object of the research is a part of the Scottish dialectal verb metaphor, which in its original meaning has the seme “movement”.

The aim of research is to define the ways of figurative understanding of the semantics of movement in the Scottish dialectal lexical metaphor.

Research tasks: In order to achieve the aim the following tasks should be solved:

1.to define a group of dialectal verbal metaphorical vocabulary with the meaning of

“movement”;

2.to show the parameters that provide the basis of the creation of a metaphorical image of the progressive type of movement in the lexical metaphor of the Scottish dialect;

3.to describe the spheres of axiological orientation of metaphorical images for this type of movement in the Scottish dialect (Scots).

Materials of the study. In practical terms, our research relies on data from the Chamber's Scots Dictionary [1 **] and Warrack Alexander Chambers Scots Dictionary [2 **]. In total, from the above dictionaries we selected and analyzed about 310 verbs of progressive movement. In our work we used such research methods as the method of continuous sampling and the method of quantitative calculation, the method of structural analysis of the semantics of a verb, as well as the method of cognitive modeling.

Results of the research.

As mentioned above, development and life itself are naturally associated with movement. Therefore, we can assert that movement is a global law, according to which the real world lives, this is its norm. The principle of world cognition through movement is one of the basic principles that scientists use to study the surrounding reality.

It is known that everything that moves is always described in terms of movement. A person observing the world around him/her tends, first of all, to associate the movement of objects and living beings with movement in space. Consequently, everything that appears in a person’s field of vision and is observed by him/her, most often correlates with a certain type of movement, or rather with a progressive movement, i.e. directional movement.

This work is not aimed at a simple isolation and study of a certain form of movement. It is focused on the study of linguistic metaphorical ways of interpreting the semantics of progressive movement as well as identifying those components of meaning that become the basis for the metaphorical assimilation of processes and phenomena in different areas of activity.

It should be noted that the class of verbs of progressive motion is the most numerous and most differentiated of all classes among the verbs of movement. Analyzing the collected material, which represents walking on the solid surface, we note that in the system of verb nominations such type of movement as horizontal movement is represented very widely. This class of motion turned out to be much more representative than the classes of rotational and oscillatory motion. So, for example, 70% of all verbal lexemes (which in our work is equivalent to 310

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units) represent the class of verbs of progressive movement. Apparently, this is due to the peculiarities of a person’s functioning, since all human activity takes place mostly in a horizontal plane.

Many Russian and foreign researchers (N.D. Arutyunova, Lakoff D., Johnson M., V.N. Teliya, G.N. Sklyarevskaya, and others) [9; 10; 11; 12] in their papers showed and proved that the field of motion is associated with the field of assessment. They argued that a person observing the world and the situations occurring in it always evaluates them.

Any national culture has got its own world of values. Each nation has got its own historical character, its own mentality.

V.N. Teliya focuses on the idea that “one cannot take into account the fact that the emo- tive-evaluative attitude is determined by the worldview of the people – the native speaker, his/her cultural and historical experience and the system of evaluation criteria existing in this society (which is necessary for its adequate perception)” [11, p. 39].

It is difficult to disagree with the opinion of N.D. Arutyunova that all objects and phenomena of reality are evaluated according to certain criteria as far as such evaluation criteria use what a person needs, what meets his tastes. Assessment is socially conditioned, therefore,

“its interpretation will depend on those norms that are accepted in a particular society or its part” [9, p. 177].

In our work at analyzing the Scottish dialectal verb vocabulary, which in its original nominative meaning represents movement, we not only studied the connection of these verbs of movement with the assessment, but also showed what additional evaluative meanings they can reflect.

Thus, moving an object from one point in space to another is an integral component of the semantics of movement. It should be noted that this feature plays the role of a dominant not only in the process of nominating the dynamic fragments of the world themselves, but also in their figurative interpretation.

In this work, the Scottish dialectal verbs of movement are subjected to a detailed analysis, the way of movement of which is determined by such environment of movement as a solid surface. Here are some of them as an example:

swig - “walk quickly” [1**]; soup - walk briskly [1**]; thrump - walk with energy [1**]; warroch - wallow [1**];

shevel - walk unsteadily[1**];

titter - walk with weak or faltering steps [2**]; tolter - move unequally [1**];

rive - toil on [1**];

sneet - walk slowly and stupidly [1**];

trailach - go about in a lazy, slovenly fashion [2**]; tote - move leisurely [1**];

scutter - run off hastily, as if in panic [1**]; skud - run quickly [1**];

skelp - run [1**];

skirt - run rapidly [1**];

screeve - glide along swiftly [1**]; skid - slide [2**];

peff - walk with heavy step[1**] etc.

Following A.D. Koshelev, we mean by “solid surface” “a surface, when supported on which the object moves steadily, does not collapse due to its resistance” [13, p.46]. As for a human being, the earth is considered to be a natural habitat for him/her. Therefore, in the dialectal linguistic worldview walking, running, crawling or dragging on a solid surface, in the

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