Учебное пособие 1427

He lost his leg during the war, underwent many operations. But nevertheless, every week, with a newspaper under his arm, with a crutch in his hand, he went to a neighboring village – he was an agitator-propagandist. He loved it. He was a judge in the People’s Court, people went to him to make complaints [13*].

These statements demonstrate close connection between the policy of the state and all spheres of society’s social life, the fact that it affects all areas of human activity [12, p. 196], including family history. State policy affects families’ lives directly, becomes a part of their story.

Politicians' stories about the family are full of words and expressions of formal style:

Esli vzjat' politiku, to za mnoj priznan neosporimyj prioritet. Chto kasaetsja domashnih del – poslednee slovo za hozjajkoj, zhenoj. A vnuki moi neukosnitel'no sobljudajut pravilo: esli ded rabotaet – a u menja est' rabochee mesto, malen'kij ugolok dva na dva, – ne shumet'! – In the sphere of politics, I have an unquestionable first place. As for household affairs – the last word belongs to the hostess, my wife. And my grandchildren strictly observe the rule: if their grandfather works – and I have a workplace, a small corner two by two – do not make any noise! [13*];

Obshhenie na reguljarnoj osnove vsegda daet vozmozhnost' posovetovat'sja, podumat' o budushhem, razobrat' situaciju, vozmozhnye oshibki – Communication on a regular basis always provides an opportunity to consult, think about the future, analyze the situation, possible mistakes [14*].

Colloquial words and phrases are also widely used by politicians in their family stories. On one hand, colloquial vocabulary characterizes spontaneous speech, shows the unpreparedness of answers, on the other hand, it emotionally affects the addressees, brightens up family story, makes it more unpredictable, and also allows politicians to keep the attention of listeners:

A vecherami dopozdna zasizhivalsja v biblioteke – dazhe do rugani s roditeljami dohodilo – And in the evenings I sat up late in the library – it even came to having quarrels with my parents [15*];

I vtoroe – u menja syn uchitsja v shkole, i v rezul'tate semejnogo soveta my vse-taki reshili ne dergat' ego v seredine uchebnogo goda, a dat' vozmozhnost' okonchit' klass – And secondly, my son attends school, and as a result of the family council, we decided not to pull him in the middle of the school year, but to give him an opportunity to finish it

[16*].

Colloquial words make family story “alive”, create the image of a flexible, active, modern politician, who is close to people.

The speech of politicians telling family stories can include regional words. The use of such vocabulary adds a local flavor to the story. For example, the governor of the Rostov region, Vasily Golubev, while talking about his wife and the traditions of the Rostov wedding, often uses dialect words zavalinka (a mound), lezhak (a couch), bahcha (a watermelon plantation), tachka (a car), etc. [14*]. The use of the peculiarities of particular region’s speech creates the image of an ordinary person, a man of the people, who knows the diversity of the daily life of his/her region’s population, and all of these in turn enhances the reliability and truthfulness of the family story.

Family stories of some politicians contain substandard vocabulary that expresses the politician’s assessment of individual events in family history. Vladimir Zhirinovsky is the one who resorts to it most often:

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Da, naplevat' mne na reakcii! Kakie reakcii? Jeto moja zhizn' – Yes, I don't give a damn about their reactions! What reactions? This is my life [12*].

The use of substandard vocabulary helps to create a vivid and memorable image.

The mix of official, socio-political and colloquial vocabulary in the politicians’ family stories is one of the ways of emotional impact on the addressees, makes politicians’ speech lively and unpredictable, interesting and memorable.

References to historical and geographical data are also natural for the politicians’ family stories. Adding details to the story, for example, by specifying the time and place of relatives’ service when describing the military operations in which they participated, brings personal family story into correlation with the official history of the state:

A on s 39-go proshel Halkin-Gol, Hasan. Finskuju vojnu. Potom vsju Otechestvennuju. Potom snova Japonskuju. I vernulsja s vojny v konce 45 goda – And from the 39th he got over the Khalkin-Gol, Khasan. Finnish war. Then the whole Great Patriotic War. Then again, the Japanese War. And he returned from the war at the end of 1945 [17*];

Moj praded pogib v 1915 godu v gorode Belostoke pod Pol'shej – My great-grandfather died in 1915 in the city of Bialystok near Poland [18*].

The role of details in family story is also to demonstrate a good acquaintance with the family history, which correlates with the currently promoted at the state level importance of ancestry knowledge.

In their family stories, the politicians also refer to precedent names and phenomena:

Kak u nas govorjat, mir tesen, jeto pravda. On eshhe do revoljucii 1917 goda rabotal v odnom iz restoranov v Petrograde v kachestve povara. Kak on popal na dachu k Leninu i stal tam rabotat', ja ne znaju. Potom dejstvitel'no rabotal za gorodom, gde zhil Stalin i rabotal u nego. On byl rjadovym chelovekom, povarom – As it’s said, the world is small, and that’s true. Even before the 1917, he worked in one of the restaurants in Petrograd as a cook. How he got to Lenin's dacha and began to work there, I do not know. Then he really worked in the countryside where Stalin lived, and worked for him. He was an ordinary man, a cook [5*].

Vladimir Zhirinovsky mentions the phenomenon of the Iron Curtain, the difficulties of exchanging information between the USSR and other countries, which became the reason of the loss of communication between his parents:

U vas ploho otnosjatsja k tem, kto vedet perepisku s zagranicej. Chtoby vas ne podvodit', bol'she pisat' ne budu – There is a bad attitude towards those who are in correspondence with abroad. In order not to let you down, I won’t write again [12*].

References to precedent names, phenomena, and background in family stories increase the significance of such information for the addressees (especially for those of them who are not members of the addresser’s family), increase the emotional response, since precedent phenomena are familiar and significant for most of our country’s population.

In the politicians’ stories about their families, words with the meaning of intensifying are common. First of all, these are an adverb “very”, denoting a high degree of the attribute, and a particle “even” that enhances the meaning of the statement. These lexical items emphasize the importance of information, make speech more expressive, enhance the degree of its impact on the addressees:

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Jeto bylo ochen' slozhno i ochen' opasno – It was very difficult and very dangerous [19*]; Hotja v detstve ne raz poroj byvalo, chto i ssorilis', dazhe dralis' – Although we had quarrels, even fights in childhood [20*].

The politicians’ speech is intertextual. Telling family stories, politicians often use quotations. The use of intertextual inclusions contributes to the creation of a deep meaning of family story, demonstrates strong connection between generations. Such elements in family stories have text-forming, illustrative, axiological functions and the function of dialogizing the text, they also serve as a means of expressiveness’s increasing. For example, Vasily Golubev uses direct speech to describe the episode with his brother:

Pomnju, uzhe v institutskie gody ja priehal domoj — u nas vo dvore chelovek 30-40 neznakomyh rebjat: «Vit'ka doma?» – «Netu ego». Ushli – prihodit brat. «Sprashivali tebja kakie-to rebjata». – «Kuda poshli?» – i dvinul vsled za nimi – I remember that already in my institute years I came home – in our yard there were about 30-40 unfamiliar guys: “Is Vitka at home?” – “No, he’s not”. They left – and then my brother came. “Some guys asked for you”. – "Where did they go?" – he asked and went after them [14*].

In the following family story, intertextual inclusion creates a dynamic, living image of what has happened. Vladimir Putin, talking about his grandfather’s act of heroism during the First World War, literally quoted his words to emphasize the wisdom, courage and humanity of his ancestor:

Ja ne stal by streljat' pervym, esli by ne videl, chto tot v menja celitsja – I wouldn't shoot first if I didn't see him aiming at me [5*].

In this case, such a quote, functioning in intra-family communication, can act as an educational tool, because the moral foundations in the family are formed, among other things, through frequent references to certain events and/or words of those members who has authority and respect in the family. And narrating such quotes outwards creates the image of a leader who is involved in his family history, have been brought up in estimable conditions, with high moral values.

There are also some significant features of family stories in political discourse at the morphological level. The use of the expressive possibilities of suffixes in the politicians’ family stories also contributes to the enhancement of emotionality and expressiveness of statements:

Spasibo tebe, mamochka, za vsjo! – Thank you, mommy, for everything! [11*];

Syn uzhe spit, no devchonki dozhdalis' – The son is already asleep, but my girls are still awake [21*].

It is interesting, that politicians use diminutive suffixes in words denoting predominantly female family members. Talking about fathers and grandfathers, they rarely use these means, thereby emphasizing male firmness and masculinity. So, for example, the lexical unit “ded” (grandfather) was used in 30 of 35 family stories, and the lexical unit “dedushka” (warm and tender form of the same word) occurs only in 5 cases.

Diminutive suffixes are used not only in the nominations of family members, but also to evaluate, express the attitude to an object or a situation:

Kazhduju kopeechku vyschityval – He calculated every penny [22*];

V sumke nahodili odin suharik – Only one small part of dry toast was found in the bag

[23*].

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Today it has become common for politicians to communicate with the audience informally, through social media. The politicians’ family stories in computer communication have a number of features. A family story on the social media is usually represented by a photograph of family members and a commentary on it. Simple sentences, the use of graphic symbols and evaluative vocabulary make the speech of politicians on the social media vivid and memorable:

Vot tak vygljadit ded Oleg glazami ljubimoj vnuchki – This is how grandfather Oleg looks through the eyes of his beloved granddaughter [24*];

Slepili s Asej snegovika. Pomogala vsja sem'ja. Vsjo, kak polozheno: ruki-vetochki, nosmorkovka – Asya and I built a snowman. The whole family helped us. Everything is as it should be: hands of twigs, nose of a carrot [25*].

On social media, politicians also use means of dialogization, which is essential for political discourse. And politicians have an opportunity to realize this potential: at the end of their publications, they ask questions, instigating virtual audience to communicate and enter into a dialogue:

Tradicionnoe muzhskoe voskresen'e!) Kak provodite vecher? – Traditional men's Sunday!) How do you spend your evening? [26*].

Telling about their family and its history, politicians also form certain family values, create a certain view of the world. Since the authorities serve the goals and interests of the state, they are motivated, on one hand, to show everyone that they are worthy family men, they have close-knit families, they know and respect the traditions of their ancestors, and on the other hand, to form such family values as respect for parents, interest in the ancestry, raising children, family traditions, patriotism:

Roditeli vsegda byli dlja nas primerom, kak nuzhno zhit' i trudit'sja, otdavaja sebja ljubimomu delu, i brat' otvetstvennost' za svoi reshenija – Parents have always been an example for us, example of how to live and work, devote ourselves to our beloved work, and take responsibility for our decisions [27*];

Velikaja Otechestvennaja – svjatoj podvig nashego naroda. My objazany vsegda pomnit' jeto – The Great Patriotic War is a sacred feat of our people. We should always remember this [28*];

Ja ochen' rad, chto moi deti idut po moim stopam – rastut, muzhajut, razvivajutsja i delajut vse vozmozhnoe dlja togo, chtoby, obshhajas' so mnoj, vpityvat' ot menja vse polozhitel'nye cherty haraktera. A ja starajus' otdavat' im svoju ljubov', dazhe kogda nahozhus' vdaleke ot nih – I am very glad that my children step after me – they grow up, gain strength, become more experienced and do everything possible to co-opt all my positive characteristics while communicating with me. And I try to give them my love, even when I am far away [29*].

Conclusion.

The analysis of the thematic content of family stories in political discourse revealed 9 main topical units: relatives, origin (parental family), education, war, everyday life, geography, family traditions, hobbies, and turning points. We have found out that no matter what topic is under discussion, the politicians’ family stories create an image of a strong, friendly and happy family, emphasize exclusively positive aspects and give a flattering description of everyone in question.

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Linguistic means used by politicians in their family stories, enhance the emotional and expressive mood of speech, create an atmosphere of naturalness and intimization, give an image of an energetic, organized, ready for actions politician who knows the needs of the population and is able to solve its problems, emphasize politician’s commitment to traditional values, represent the addressers as worthy members of society, who respect its traditions and values.

As a result of our research, it was identified that family stories are an integral part of communicative space of modern political discourse and are used for a specific purpose in it.

The researchers recognize the struggle for power as a main goal of political discourse [13, p. 244; 14, p. 203-204]. Every story of a politician about his/her family or its history is also aimed, to some extent, at retaining, preserving and seizing political power. After all, a wellpresented family story helps to form a positive image of the addresser about himself/herself, to show people that the speaker is one of them, he/she knows their problems, he/she can be relied on, can be entrusted with the management of public affairs.

In its very intention the appeal of political leaders to the history of their families is aimed at success in their political career: politicians strive to form the most positive image of themselves, to promote family values and patriotism. Therefore, we consider that the main purpose of family stories in political discourse is a manipulative one. Nowadays family stories naturally enter political discourse, but they are very carefully verified, declared innocent and mythologized, and they are demonstrated exclusively from their positive sides.

Promising areas for further research are, first of all, the study of strategies and tactics that politicians use in their family stories, as well as the study of what exactly and how, in what form, they tell about their families in extra-family discourse. Studying of these issues at the intersection of discourse study, political linguistics, family storytelling and autobiographical memory is able to enrich each of these areas of research.

References

[1]Krasina М.N. Diskurs, diskurs-analiz i metody ih primenenija v mezhdisciplinarnyh proektah (Discourse, discourse analysis and methods of their application to interdisciplinary projects) // Vestnik of Tver State University. Philology, 2018, № 2, p. 159-165.

[2]Tolpygina О.А. Diskurs i diskurs-analiz v politicheskoj nauke (Discourse and discourse analysis in political sciences) // Political science. 2002, № 3, p. 76-89.

[3]Sirkiya N.P. Politicheskij diskurs vs politicheskij internet-diskurs: shodstva i razlichija (kognitivnyj aspekt) (Political discourse vs Political Internet discourse: similarities and distinctions (cognitive aspect)) // Sociological and Humanities Sciences, 2018, № 10 (2-2), p. 164-

170.DOI: 10.17748/2075-9908-2018-10-2/2-164-170

[4]Biryukova Е.А. Internet-kommunikacija kak sredstvo mezhkul'turnogo obshhenija: zhanrovye i jazykovye osobennosti (Internet communication as a means of cross-cultural communication: genre and language features) // Language. Philology. Culture, 2014, № 6, p. 75-98.

[5]Trofimova G.N. Jazykovoj vkus internet-jepohi v Rossii. Funkcionirovanie russkogo jazyka v Internete: konceptual'no-sushhnostnye dominanty (The linguistic flavour of the Internet era in Russia. The functioning of the Russian language in the Internet: conceptual and essential dominants). Moscow, RUDN University, 2011, 436 p.

[6]Shatskikh Е.S. Inversija kak sredstvo intensifikacii sintaksicheskih znachenij (Inversion as a means of intensification of syntactic values) // Fundamental'nye i prikladnye nauchnye issledovanija: aktual'nye voprosy dostizhenija i innovacii (Basic and applied research: topical issues of achievement and innovation), 2019, p. 250-252.

[7]Kuznetzova N.N Jellipsis kak sredstvo sozdanija jekspressivnosti (Ellipsis as a means of expressiveness) // Problems of History, Philology and Culture, 2010, № 3 (29), p. 284-287.

[8]Karkoshko O.P. Parcelljacija v sisteme drugih sintaksicheskih javlenij v russkom i nemeckom jazykah (Parcellation in system of different syntactic phenomena in Russian and German languages) // The Bulletin of Adyghe State University, 2009, № 2, p. 144-147.

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[9]Veselovskaya Т.М. Parcelljacija v sintaksise gazetno-publicisticheskogo teksta (Parceling in the syntax of newspaper and journalistic text) // Russian Language Abroad, 2009, № 1

(212), p. 34-47.

[10]Karamova А.А. Silantieva V.М. Ritoricheskij vopros i ritoricheskoe vosklicanie v sovremennom politicheskom diskurse (Rhetorical question and rhetorical exclamation in modern political discourse) // Innovative Science, 2016, № 3, p. 168-170.

[11]Gribova P.N. K voprosu o specifike vosklicatel'nyh predlozhenij v anglijskoj dialogicheskoj rechi (About the specifics of exclamation sentences in English dialogical speech) // Vestnik of Chelyabinsk State University, 2010, № 17 (198), p. 5–8.

[12]Geiko N.R. Obshhestvenno-politicheskaja leksika v publicisticheskom diskurse (Social and political vocabulary in publicistic discourse) // Vestnik of Chelyabinsk State University, 2013, № 73, p. 194–197.

[13]Ravochkin N.N. Osobennosti politicheskogo diskursa (Peculiarities of political discourse) // Vestnik of Kostroma State University, 2018, № 3, p. 244-250.

[14]Sukhanov Yu.Yu. Specifika politicheskogo diskursa (Specificity of political discourse) // Philological sciences. Questions of theory and practice, 2017, № 5 (71), p. 147-149.

Analyzed sources

[1*] Oleg Kuvshinnikov, post v Instagram ot 8.12.2019, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/B5zXnRAjPDu/ (vremja obrashhenija – 6.06.2020).

[2*] Vladimir Zhirinovskij, v Internet-publikacii «Vladimir Zhirinovskij: Vse ravno ja - russkij, hot' moj papa - evrej», 24.04.2007, URL https://www.kp.ru/daily/23892/66411/

(vremja obrashhenija – 22.06.2020).

[3*] Oleg Kuvshinnikov, publikacija «O sebe» na oficial'nom sajte gubernatora Vologodskoj oblasti, URL https://okuvshinnikov.ru/persona/o_sebe/ (vremja obrashhenija – 10.06.2020).

[4*] Valerij Limarenko, interv'ju ot 15.12.2018, URL https://tass.ru/interviews/5916858 (vremja obrashhenija – 13.06.2020).

[5*] Vladimir Putin, v knige «Interv'ju s Vladimirom Putinym» Olivera Stouna, 2017,

URL https://www.kp.ru/daily/23892/66411/ (vremja obrashhenija – 3.06.2020).

[6*] Ivan Belozercev, post v Instagram ot 10.03.2020, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/B9hPXq4H79u/ (vremja obrashhenija – 7.06.2020).

[7*] Igor' Babushkin, post v Instagram ot 8.05.2020, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/B_5KMbEKaqK/ (vremja obrashhenija – 7.06.2020).

[8*] Aleksej Gordeev, interv'ju ot 28.02.2020, URL https://www.kp.ru/daily/27097/4170691/ (vremja obrashhenija – 18.06.2020).

[9*] Natal'ja Poklonskaja, interv'ju ot 27.05.2019, URL https://www.kp.ru/daily/26981.7/4040209/ (vremja obrashhenija – 3.06.2020).

[10*] Igor' Artamonov, v Internet-publikacii «Igor' Artamonov rasskazal o svoej sem'e»,

17.01.2019, URL https://vesti-lipetsk.ru/novosti/politika/igor-artamonov-rasskazal-o-svoej- sem-e/ (vremja obrashhenija – 3.06.2020).

[11*] Natal'ja Poklonskaja, post v Instagram ot 11.02.2020, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/B8anAdXIeDJ/ (vremja obrashhenija – 8.06.2020).

[12*] Vladimir Zhirinovskij, v Internet-publikacii «Zhirinovskij, placha, rasskazal ob otce: on byl ne jurist, kommersant-agronom», 26 ijunja 2006, URL https://obzor.city/news/83968 (vremja obrashhenija – 11.06.2020).

[13*] Gennadij Zjuganov, v Internet-publikacii «G.A. Zjuganov: O sebe. O sem'e. O zhizni», interv'ju ot 4.08.2008, URL https://kprf.ru/party_live/58855.html (vremja obrashhenija – 11.06.2020).

[14*] Vasilij Golubev, v Internet-publikacii «Vasilij Golubev: «Krepkaja sem'ja - jeto osnova obshhestva i gosudarstva», 13.07.2011, URL https://www.rostov.kp.ru/daily/25718/2711110/ (vremja obrashhenija – 16.06.2020).

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[15*] Sergej Zhvachkin, v Internet-publikacii «Biografija gubernatora Tomskoj oblasti Sergeja Anatol'evicha Zhvachkina», URL https://gubernator.tomsk.ru/ru/biografiya (vremja obrashhenija – 13.06.2020).

[16*] Andrej Travnikov, v Internet-publikacii «Andrej Travnikov: Sem'ju v Novosibirsk perevezu, no pozzhe!», 13.12.2017, URL https://www.nsk.kp.ru/online/news/2961191/ (vremja obrashhenija – 16.06.2020).

[17*] Aleksandr Beglov, v Internet-publikacii «Beglov rasskazal o gerojah vojny v svoej sem'e», 9.05.2019, URL https://slovodel.com/527547-beglov-rasskazal-o-geroyakh-voiny-v- svoei-seme (vremja obrashhenija – 13.06.2020).

[18*] Natal'ja Poklonskaja, post v Instagram ot 2.08.2019, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/B0oBNzwI3-9/ (vremja obrashhenija – 13.06.2020).

[19*] Vladimir Putin, v Internet-publikacii «Putin rasskazal uchastnikam "Seligera" o svoem otce-veterane», 1.08. 2011, URL https://ria.ru/20110801/410534810.html (vremja obrashhenija –

3.06.2020).

[20*] Oleg Kozhemjako, v Internet-publikacii «Semejnoe polozhenie Olega Kozhemjako mozhet zainteresovat' sahalinskij izbirkom», 18.06.2015, URL https://sakhalin.info/news/103510 (vremja obrashhenija – 19.06.2020).

[21*] Andrej Chibis, post v Instagram ot 20.03.2020, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/B97e7tmJjgJ/ (vremja obrashhenija – 19.06.2020).

[22*] Vladimir Putin, vo vremja «Prjamoj linii s Vladimirom Putinym 2017», URL https://www.1tv.ru/shows/vystupleniya-prezidenta-rossii/pryamaya-liniya-2017/pryamaya- liniya-s-vladimirom-putinym-2017-polnaya-versiya (vremja obrashhenija – 3.06.2020).

[23*] Valentina Matvienko, v Internet-publikacii «Valentina Matvienko: Moj otec doshjol do Berlina, a mama v okkupacii spasala evrejskuju sem'ju», 8.04.2019, URL https://www.kp.ru/daily/26963.5/4017998/ (vremja obrashhenija – 12.06.2020).

[24*] Oleg Kuvshinnikov, post v Instagram ot 8.01.2020, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/B7DhcSkIYT8/ (data obrashhenija – 6.06.2020).

[25*] Oleg Kuvshinnikov, post v Instagram ot 12.01.2020, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/B7NqrknI3X1/ (data obrashhenija – 6.06.2020).

[26*] Andrej Chibis, post v Instagram ot 20.01.2020, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/B7gydE0iw7A/ (data obrashhenija – 7.06.2020).

[27*] Oleg Kuvshinnikov, post v Instagram ot 21.03.2020, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/B9_IqEyoNQE/ (data obrashhenija – 6.06.2020).

[28*] Igor' Artamonov, post v Instagram ot 9.05.2019, URL https://www.instagram.com/p/BxO5FlvA0Kv/ (data obrashhenija – 7.06.2020).

[29*] Oleg Kuvshinnikov, v Internet-publikacii «Otcy i deti: izvestnye vologzhane rasskazali o tom, kakovo byt' glavoj mnogodetnoj sem'i», 1.06.2017, URL http://vologdaregion.ru/news/2017/6/1/otcy-i-deti-izvestnye-vologzhane-rasskazali-o-tom- kakovo-byt-glavoy-mnogodetnoy-sem-i (data obrashhenija – 17.06.2020).

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DOI 0.36622/MLMDR.2021.68.24.007

UDC 81’25

MITIGATION AND AGGRAVATION OF IMPOSITION IN RUSSIAN-LANGUAGE

UNIVERSITY PROSE (IN I. GREKOVA "DEPARTMENT")1

O.L. Zabolotneva, I.V. Kozhukhova

Chelyabinsk State University

PhD in Linguistics, Associate professor at

Theory and Practice of the English Language Department Oxana Leonidovna Zabolotneva

e-mail: zoxl@mail.ru

Chelyabinsk State University

PhD in Linguistics, Associate professor, Associate professor at Theory and Practice of the English Language Department Irina Vladimirovna Kozhukhova

e-mail: vinantov@mail.ru

Problem statement. On the basis of the university novel "Department" written by I. Grekova, the productive ways of realization of the category of aggravation of imposition in different and equal status communication as well as institutional and non-institutional communication are considered. Communicative imposition is traditionally associated with a threat to the positive face of a speaker. The need for this research is caused by, firstly, the poor study of the genre in terms of pragmatics, and secondly – the identification of linguistic and pragmatic features, the characteristics of which can be traced in fiction discourse (eg, author's remarks).

Results. The results of the analysis of I. Grekova's university novel are described in the article. They illustrate a wide usage of interrogative statements. The imposition of these statements is defined with the help of contextualamplifying elements, intensifiers, colloquial, evaluative and emotional vocabulary with negative connotation. Such elements illustrate a certain elitism and arrogance of communicants (especially in equal communication). Frequent is the use of interrogative statements modified by the particles and, but, well, just. Besides, elements of prosody and emphatic punctuation are considered.

Conclusion. The conducted observations allow us to see the productive means of realization of the aggravation of imposition in Russian university prose.

Key words: mitigation, aggravation, communicative pressure, (non)imposition, university prose, university discourse, persuasiveness, intensification.

For citation: Zabolotneva O.L. Mitigation and aggravation of imposition in Russian-language university prose (in I. Grekova "department")/ O.L. Zabolotneva, I.V. Kozhukhova // Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Me- thodical-and-didactic Researches”. – 2021. - № 2 (33). – P. 71-80.

Introduction.

This work is a logical continuation of previous our country and foreign studies, in which an attempt was made to describe, systematize and classify some of the linguistic features of university novels. So, earlier communicative failure as one of the features of the Englishlanguage university discourse on the example of the novels of D. Lodge and Ph. Roth was described. The examples of communicative failures in communication between representatives of linguistic cultural communities of different status in a university novel were identified. Com-

1 The reported study was funded by the Foundation for the Support of Young Scientists by Chelyabinsk State University.

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© Zabolotneva O.L., Kozhukhova I.V., 2021

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Scientific Journal “Modern Linguistic and Methodical-and-Didactic Researches” Issue 2 (33), 2021 ISSN 2587-8093

municative failure can arise from a lack of understanding between a professor and a student, representatives of different generations, cultures, gender and it can lead to irreparable events.

For more on communication failures, see [1]. Another area of research is the analysis and description of pragmatic characteristics (in particular, in the light of the theory of politeness, as well as (non)imposition) in the various discourse practices of different communicative cultures. So the category of non-imposition in English and Russian communicative cultures was considered by us in the monograph [2]. Topics considered in the sphere of communicative nonimposition are standardly described within the framework of pragmatics, in particular, within the framework of the theory of speech acts and the theory of politeness. With the concept of

“imposition” such concepts as “threat to a face”, “directiveness” are usually used; while “nonimposition” is associated with mitigation, communication distance and the implementation of mitigation strategies. Interrogative statements (associated with semantic indirection) traditionally indicate of communicative non-imposition. Nevertheless, the pragmatic potential of interrogatives / interrogative statements / interrogative sentences (depending on the analyzed aspects) is not limited exclusively to a lessening, mitigating function. Another important aspect of the study is the analysis of the implementation of speech strategies and tactics that serve to aggravate communicative pressure, i.e. aggravation of communicative imposition, directly related to the threat to both positive and negative faces of the speaker and listener. Communicative (non)impositionhas different ways of implementation, depending on many communicatively determined factors: the type of discourse, its institutionalization, the role of communicants, the general consituation of communication.

The fundamental works on pragmatics that have become classics are the theoretical basis of the research: works on the theory of speech acts by J. Austin [3] and J. Searle [4], P. Brown and S. Levinson, whose work “Politeness: Some Universals in Language Usage” [5] served as a powerful impetus for the further formation and development of the theory of politeness linguistics. Undoubtedly, the works of the leading Russian scientist in the theory of linguistic politeness T.V. Larina [6] and [7], in whose works not only the implementation of the category of politeness is considered, but also the functioning of directiveness, imposition in English and Russian-speaking communicative cultures. The basis proposed in the aforesaid works has found wide application for the analysis of the considered categories in different cultures, different discourses. This study focuses on university prose.

Among the features of university novels, one can single out the construction of characters on stereotyped images, a variety of educational traditions and recurring topics for discussion. The university novel covers a huge range of topical issues and events that are actively discussed by teachers and students alike. Disputes concern such areas as science, education, politics, culture, art, etc. The novel presents a special type of intellectual hero who traditionally does not fit into the university environment. The university environment, due to the implementation of cultural and educational values, allows the author to play with stereotypes and rethink them. In general, university prose is characterized by attention to the microenvironment (again, due to the implementation of cultural and educational values) and an appeal to aprotagonist's professional status [8]. Traditionally, the university novel is considered an American genre of fiction; in the Russian-language prose, the main characteristics of the genre remain, generally, the same, but the genre itself has not found such a broad embodiment in literary forms.

Also, face-threatening speech acts in equal and different status communication in university prose were considered. Face-threatening speech acts are realized both in conventionalized utterances and in unique communicative situations. Face-threatening speech act show all the variety of situations fraught with a threat to a person (from conventionalized statements to more private, unique communicative situations) and show possible ways of mitigation / aggravation of communicative pressure [9, p. 987].

Further, an attempt was made to consider university discourse from the point of view of the discursive strategy of a linguistic personality, namely, insincere speech acts on the example

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of Zadie Smith's novel “On Beauty.” The strategy of insincerity is implemented within the framework of insincere discourse. There are five types of insincere speech acts that depend on the intention of an insincere linguistic personality: assertives, quesitives, expressives, directives and commissions. In the analyzed novel, there is a predominance of insincere assertives that induce the speaker to take an action and cause a wide range of emotions [10, p. 278].

In the article “Face-threatening Speech Acts in Academic Discourse (different-status communication)”, general trends in the use of face-threatening speech acts in institutional communication of different status were identified in terms of the use of modifiers and intensifiers in speech acts with an increased threat to the positive face of a speaker, and intensifiers, wemessages – in speech acts with minimal communicative threat [11, p. 230].

Insincere speech acts were examined on the material of English-language university prose in order to highlight the main characteristics and patterns of their usage. The sign of insincere discourse is the problem of the object of the research: non-facts, ambiguity, and denial of facts. The obtained results show an obvious predominance of insincere assertives [12, p. 118].

Topicality of the problem.

University novel is a wide field for the study of aggravation of imposition, since, first, different status communication is realized in it. University novels are examined from the point of view of the stereotyped major protagonists, the depiction of the linguistic personality of a professor and a student, the description of teaching methods, the stereotyped communication models, and the emphasis in terms of educational foundations and values. Campus and representatives of the faculty, students and university staff play a huge role in the authenticity of the depiction of real events adding to them a fictional unreal world. The original genre is typical, first of all, for English-language literature; in the Russian-language context it has appeared relatively recently and has not received similarly wide distribution. University novel can manifest itself at the junction of the Bildungsroman (or initiation novel) and epistolary prose, modernist and romance novels. A review of domestic and foreign literature shows that the main interest in the selected aspect of the study is realized in the following directions:

1)studies of the genre features of the works of university prose, their relationship with the industrial novel, detective story and romance;

2)the study of the genre clichés of the university novel (topos, plot, idyllic pathos). Researchers note that modern university prose has moved from a professional-corporate category into a literary and socio-political event, where spiritual searches come to the fore;

3)a detailed consideration of the topic of political correctness, feminism and intertextuality, which are manifested in the university environment and constitute an important part of the ideological and thematic component of university novels;

4)analysis of the features of translation of university prose at different language levels: lexical and morphosyntactical (O.Yu. Antsyferova, P.V. Marakhov and others) [13, 14].

In general, university prose is rarely the subject of interest of linguistic researches. On the other hand, the study of the pragmatic features of the language is rather broad in nature and affects both communication directly and computer-mediated communication, multidiscourse communication. Fiction discourse is also quite actively the material for the study of pragmatics for several reasons [15]:

it is static, the material is always in the access zone;

most of the material can (with a certain degree of convention) be extrapolated to practice;

a comparative analysis of fiction in the original and translation languages allows us to focus not only on translation tasks and their solutions, but also on actualization of intercultural interaction themes.

Thus, with this research, we will try to close the formed gap. Both key concepts of work are clearly manifested in the communication of speakers of different status, and can also have

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