Season 4

5. The founder of Russian pharmacology, N.P. Kravkov. The main scientific directions of the school of N.P. Kravkova.

Nikolay Pavlovich Kravkov (1865-1924) - pharmacologist, founder of Russian pharmacology, headed the Department of Pharmacology at the St. Petersburg Military Medical Academy.

Kravkov was the first to study the effect of pharmacological substances on isolated organs. He studied the problems of general pharmacology: the dependence of the biological effect on dose and concentration, the combined effect of drugs, the relationship between the structure of compounds and their physiological activity, studied the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of substances against the background of diseases. He also worked on toxicology (gasolines, BOV), offered a drug for intravenous anesthesia (hedonal), combined anesthesia. Wrote the manual "Fundamentals of Pharmacology".

Among other things, the outstanding scientist N.P. Kravkov founded the national school of pharmacologists (S.V. Anichkov, V.V. Zakusov, etc.). The main directions of the scientific school of N.P. Kravkov are the study of life processes, the search for new medicinal substances, means of symptomatic and pathogenetic therapy.

34. Antidepressants. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.

Antidepressants Is a group of drugs used to treat depression, capable of improving pathologically altered mood and general mental state, restoring interest in life, activity and optimism in patients with depression.

Classification:

1. 3-cycle

BUT... Antidepressants - inhibitors of the action of monoamines (potentiation of the action of monoamines due to the violation of their reuptake):

a) indiscriminate monoamine reuptake blockers - imizine, amitriptyline, azafen, coaxil;

b) selective serotonin reuptake blockers - fluoxetine, sertraline, trazodone, paroxetine, fluvoxamine

c) selective blockers of the reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine - venlafaxine, duloxetine, mianserin

2. Gink derivatives

B. Antidepressants - MAO inhibitors => an increase in the level of neurotransmitters in the brain tissue:

a) MAO inhibitors of irreversible indiscriminate action - nialamide;

b) reversible MAO inhibitors — moclobemide, befol;

3. 4-cycle - mixed mechanism (A + B): pyrazidol, incazan, maprotiline

Mechanism of action: inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO), localized in the mitochondria of adrenergic and serotonergic nerve endings in the central nervous system, as well as in the cells of the liver, myocardium and other tissues. As a result of enzyme inhibition, intracellular inactivation of monoamines - serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine - is delayed and the release of mediators into the synaptic cleft increases when impulses arrive. Facilitation of synaptic transmission is accompanied not only by the restoration of mood, but also by the elimination of psychomotor retardation, which is often associated with depression.