- •Ticket 1
- •3. Antihypertensive agents affecting water-salt exchange. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of preparations.
- •4. Antiseptics of aromatic and aliphatic series. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of preparations.
- •Ticket 2.
- •Distribution of drugs in the body. Biotransformation of drugs in the body and ways of their extraction. The concept of bioavailability.
- •2. Binding, engraving, adsorbating, irritating substances. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of preparations.
- •3. Drugs stimulating fibrinolysis. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative assessment.
- •4. Halogen-containing antiseptics. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of preparations.
- •Ticket 3.
- •1. Suction of medicinal substances from the place of administration. Transportation of medicinal substances through cellular membranes.
- •2.Tranquilizers. Classification. Action mechanism. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of preparations.
- •1) Means used for diagnostic purposes
- •Indications: used in case of weakened but preserved gastric function
- •2. Antiseptics - compounds of metals. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of preparations.
- •Season 4
- •Gink derivatives
- •Indications for use:
- •I Inhibition of the activity of the thromboxane system
- •III Drugs that inhibit the binding of fibrinogen to platelet glycoprotein receptors
- •Season 5
- •Indications:
- •Season 6
- •Indications:
- •3) Preparations for topical use:
- •4) Combined preparations of sulfonamides with trimethoprim
- •Ticket 7
- •1. Development of pharmacology in Russia. Pharmokopeia, its legal significance. Prescription - Jur. Document.
- •2. Counterarkinsonian funds. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3. Rational combination and combined drugs for the treatment of hypertension. Explain the rationality of the application.
- •Ticket 8
- •3. Anticoagulants. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 9
- •3. Drugs used to treat bronchial asthma. Classification. Mechanisms of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 10
- •1. Definition of pharmacology as a science, its tasks, place among other medical and biological sciences. Scientific substantiation of the need for animal experiments.
- •Ticket 11
- •1. Dependence of the effect on the dose (concentration) of the active substance. The breadth of the therapeutic action. The value of the choice of dosage forms and methods of drug administration.
- •2. Antipsychotics. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs. The concept of neuroleptanalgesia
- •3. Cardiac glycosides. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Antifungal drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •I. Means used in the treatment of diseases caused by pathogenic fungi:
- •II. Drugs used in the treatment of diseases caused by opportunistic fungi (for example, with candidiasis):
- •Ticket number 12
- •Types of action of medicinal substances
- •2. Alpha and alpha, beta adrenomimetic substances. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 13
- •1. Pharmacological work of domestic physiologists and clinicians (im Sechenov, ip Pavlov, sp Botkin, ni Pirogov)
- •3. Preparations of sex hormones and their antagonists. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications for use:
- •Indications for use:
- •4. Antimalarial drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications:
- •Ticket 14
- •1. Features of the action and dosage of medicinal substances for various routes of administration.
- •2. Local anesthetic substances. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications for the use of local anesthetics:
- •3. Preparations of fat-soluble vitamins. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Vitamin a preparations are indicated:
- •Ticket 15
- •2. Nootropics. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications for use:
- •3. Antihypertensive drugs of peripheral neurotropic action. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Anti-tuberculosis drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 16
- •1. Types of action of medicinal substances.
- •2. Sympatholytic remedies. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Antiviral agents. Classification. Mechanism of action. The nature of the action. Spectrum of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 17.
- •1. Side and toxic effects of medicinal substances. Allergic and non-allergic side effects. Toxicity. Teratogenicity. Embryotoxicity. Carcinogenicity. Idiosyncrasy.
- •2. Analeptics. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3. Choleretic drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Anti-spirochete drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Comparative characteristics.
- •Ticket 18.
- •1. Pharmacological work of domestic physiologists and clinicians (im Sechenov, ip Pavlov, sp Botkin, ni Pirogov)
- •2. Beta-adrenergic agonists. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3. Antacids. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative characteristics.
- •Ticket 19
- •1. The combined effect of drugs. Synergy. Antagonism. Antidote.
- •2.Sleeping drugs. Classification by chemical structure. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation. Possibilities for the development of addiction.
- •3. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs (Beta-blockers). Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Complications arising from the use of antibiotics, measures for their prevention.
- •Ticket 20
- •1. Changes in the body's reactions to medicinal substances during their repeated administration. The concept of addiction, drug dependence, tachyphylaxis, sensitization. Cumulation of drugs.
- •2. Ganglion blocking agents. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of the drug.
- •3. Means that reduce the secretion of gastric glands. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 21
- •1. Basic principles of first aid for acute drug poisoning.
- •2. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3.Calcium channel blockers for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Classification Mechanism of action Side effects Contraindications Comparative assessment of drugs
- •Ticket number 22
- •3). Leukopoiesis stimulants. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket number 23
- •2). Narcotic (opioid) analgesics. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs. Antagonists of narcotic analgesics.
- •1. Plant origin
- •2. Synthetic morphine substitutes
- •3). Gastroprotectors. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications:
- •Ticket number 24
- •2). Antiepileptic drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •III. Agents that activate the gabAergic system
- •IV. Agents that lower the activity of the glutamatergic system
- •3). Diuretics. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications for use:
- •Ticket 25
- •1. Side and toxic effects of medicinal substances. Allergic and non-allergic side effects. Toxicity. Teratogenicity. Embryotoxicity. Carcinogenicity. Idiosyncrasy.
- •3. Antitussives. Classification Mechanism of action Indications for use Side effects Contraindications Comparative assessment of drugs
- •Ticket 26
- •2. Sedatives. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use Side effects Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3. Anti-inflammatory drugs of steroid structure. Classification Mechanism of action Indications for use Side effects Contraindications Comparative assessment of drugs
- •Ticket 27
- •1. Basic principles and methods of testing new medicinal substances. The concepts of "placebo" and "blind" control. The ethical side of prescribing a placebo.
- •3. Means that help stop bleeding (hemostatics). Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3) Preparations for topical use:
- •4) Combined preparations of sulfonamides with trimethoprim
- •Ticket number 28
- •1. Combined action of medicinal substances. Synergy. Antagonism. Antidote.
- •2. Psychostimulants. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket number 29
- •1. Dependence of the effect on the dose (concentration) of the active substance. The breadth of the therapeutic action. The value of the choice of dosage forms and methods of drug administration.
- •2. Alpha-adrenergic blocking agents. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3. Drugs affecting immunity. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Antifungal drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 30
- •2. Sympatholytic agents. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3. Preparations of pancreatic hormones. Synthetic hypoglycemic agents. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Anti-spirochete drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Comparative characteristics.
- •Ticket 31
- •1. Distribution of medicinal substances in the body. Biotransformation of medicinal substances in the body and ways of their excretion. Concept and bioavailability.
- •2. Narcotic (opioid) analgesics. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs. Antagonists of narcotic analgesics.
- •3. Laxatives. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Complications arising from the use of antibiotics, measures for their prevention.
- •Ticket 32.
- •3. Stimulants of respiration. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 33.
- •1. Features of the action and dosage of medicinal substances for various routes of administration.
- •2. Antipsychotics. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs. The concept of neuroleptanalgesia.
- •3. Class IV antiarrhythmics (calcium channel blockers). Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 34
- •1) Development of pharmacology in Russia. Pharmacology and its legal significance. Treating the recipe as a legal document.
- •3... Antihypertensive drugs that affect the renin-angiotensin system. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Antiviral agents. Classification. Mechanism of action. The nature of the action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative characteristics of drugs.
- •Ticket 35
- •6. Homeopathy, basic principles. Evaluation of the homeopathic treatment method.
- •2. Nootropics. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications for use:
- •3) Drugs used in myocardial infarction. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Indications for use. Comparative characteristics
- •Ticket 36
- •2. Local anesthetic substances. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications for the use of local anesthetics:
- •3) Anti-atherosclerotic drugs. Classification, Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation.
- •Indications:
- •Ticket 37
- •Basic principles (mechanisms) of action of medicinal substances. Their interaction with receptors.
- •Antihypertensive drugs of central neurotropic action. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •1. Basic principles (mechanisms) of action of medicinal substances. Their interaction with receptors.
- •3. Antihypertensive drugs of central neurotropic action. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 38
- •4. Antiblastic substances. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 39
- •4. Differences between chemotherapeutic agents and antiseptics. Basic principles of ht. Criteria for evaluation.
- •Ticket 40.
- •3. Preparations of water-soluble vitamins. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Antihelminthic agents. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 41.
- •1. Principles of drug discovery. Ways of synthesis of pharmacological substances. Obtaining preparations from plant and animal raw materials.
- •Inhalation : volatile liquids: ether, fluorothane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane
- •3. Class III antiarrhythmic drugs (potassium channel blockers). Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications:
- •4. Dyes. Detergents. Oxidizing agents. Acids and alkalis.
- •Ticket 42
- •1. Pharmacological work of domestic physiologists and clinicians (im Sechenov, ip Pavlov, sp Botkin, ni Pirogov).
- •2. Beta-adrenergic agonists. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3. Vomiting and antiemetic. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 43
- •1. The combined action of medicinal substances. Synergy. Antagonism. Antidote.
- •2. Antiparkinsonian drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3. Enzyme preparations. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications:
- •Ticket 44.
- •The dependence of the effect on the dose (concentration) of the active substance. The breadth of the therapeutic action. The value of the choice of dosage forms and methods of drug administration.
- •2. Curariform funds. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3. Means that affect appetite. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •1.Media that stimulate appetite:
- •Ticket 45.
- •1. Types of action of medicinal substances.
- •2. Antidepressants. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Gink derivatives
- •Indications for use:
- •4. Anti-tuberculosis drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 46
- •Ticket 47
- •3. Means that increase the tone and contraction of the myometrium. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Halogen-containing antiseptics. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of preparations.
- •Season 48
- •Distribution of drugs in the body. Biotransformation of drugs in the body and ways of their extraction. The concept of bioavailability.
- •2). Antiepileptic drugs. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •III. Agents that activate the gabAergic system
- •IV. Agents that lower the activity of the glutamatergic system
- •3. Antiadrenergic drugs for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •4. Antiseptics - metal compounds. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Inhalation : volatile liquids: ether, fluorothane, sevoflurane, isoflurane, methoxyflurane
- •3. Blockers of calcium channels for the treatment of hypertension. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Ticket 50
- •1. Side and toxic effects of medicinal substances. Allergic and non-allergic side effects. Toxicity. Teratogenicity. Embryotoxicity. Carcinogenicity. Idiosyncrasy.
- •2. Ganglion blocking agents. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of the drug.
- •3. Preparations of pituitary hormones. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •Indications for use
- •Indications for use
- •Indications for use:
- •Ticket 51
- •1. Features of the action and dosage of medicinal substances for various routes of administration.
- •2. Alpha and alpha, beta adrenomimetic substances. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
- •3. Glycosidic intoxication. Preventive and emergency measures.
- •Ticket 52
- •3. Antihypertensive drugs of myotropic action. Classification. Mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Season 6
1. Formation and development of the Department of Pharmacology of the Kuban State Medical University (P.P. Avrorov, I.E. Akopov, A.I. Ostroumov, etc.)
The department was founded in 1922. The first head was Professor P.P. Aurov is an outstanding scientist, widely known for his works on the study of the effect on the body of complete starvation, alcohol, as well as on the cultivation of tissues outside the body. P.P. Avrorov pays much attention to the pharmacodynamic study of the Psekup mineral springs in the town of Goryachy Klyuch and others. He carried out a lot of work to improve the methods of experimental research. He organized the Department of Experimental Hygiene, which he headed for 8 years.
After the death of P.P. Avrorov since 1940, the department was headed by Associate Professor Ya.L. Levin. He proposed a number of improvements in pharmaceutical research methods.
Since 1958, the department was headed by Professor Ivan Emmanuilovich Akopov. During this period, the main scientific problem of the department was "Pharmacology of the process of blood coagulation and hemostasis".
The result of his research is the introduction into medicine of drugs intoxicating logachilus. Under the leadership of I.E. Akopov in the Kuban, the organization of an allergological service to combat ragweed polynosis began.
Since 1974, the department has been headed by Professor Arkady Ivanovich Ostroumov. The main problem of the department is pharmacotherapy of allergic diseases and the study of the pharmacology of blood coagulation and hemostasis.
In 1980 - 1981 the head was Professor Vera Mikhailovna Yadrova. Work was carried out on the topic "Pharmacology of blood coagulation and hemostasis".
In 1981, Professor Pavel Aleksandrovich Galenko-Yaroshevsky was elected to the post of head. The staff of the department is developing a scientific direction for the creation of neuro-, cardio- and dermatotropic drugs. The drugs sufan, rihlokain and baliz-2 have been created (in co-authorship) and introduced into practice.
In 1995 P.A. Galenko-Yaroshevsky was elected a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences (RAS), and in 1996 - an academician of a number of foreign academies.
47. Beta-blockers. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Classification:
Cardioselective (acting mainly on one-receptors of the heart)
with SMA:
-acebutolol, praktolol, celiprolol
without MCA:
-metoprolol, talinolol, atenolol, bisoprolol, nebivolol
Noncardioselective (acting equally as on oneand on 2-receptors)
with SMA:
-pindolol, oxprenolol, alprenolol, bopindolol
without MCA:
–Anaprilin, timolol, sotalol, nadolol
Mechanism of action:
a heart: blockade of beta1 receptors leads to a decrease in heart rate, contractility, excitability, conductivity, automatism, stroke and minute blood volumes, a slowdown in metabolic processes in the myocardium and a decrease in its oxygen demand, which is important in terms of treating coronary heart disease. Coronary vessels are somewhat narrowed, mainly reflexively, due to a decrease in the work of the heart and to a small extent due to blockade2-receptors of these vessels.
Vessels: by blocking beta2 receptors of JGA cells, the drugs reduce the secretion of renin and this leads to a decrease in systemic vascular resistance at the beginning of treatment, which, with an initially increased tone of arterioles, sometimes even cause peripheral circulatory disorders. With a long course appointment-blockers (on average after a month) OPSS returns to the initial one and even decreases. This is due to the entry into force of the "antirenine mechanism". Nebivolol immediately reduces OPSS, since it dilates blood vessels, stimulating the production of NO in the endothelium.
Arterial pressure: Decreases, especially with prolonged course use. The leading mechanism of the hypotensive effect is a decrease in cardiac output, i.e. decrease in blood pressure is mainly due to the systolic fraction. In this case, the OPSS at the beginning of treatment increases. Another mechanism, realized on average after a month of treatment, is the suppression of renin secretion, especially in patients with its initial hypersecretion.
Bronchi: the tone is increased due to the blockade of beta2 receptors.This is a side effect that limits the use of non-selective drugs in patients with broncho-obstructive diseases. The least dangerous are the most highly selective (nebivolol, bisprolol and betaxolol).
Eye: decrease in IOP by reducing the production of intraocular fluid
uterus: increased tone. The use of β-blockers during pregnancy can cause intrauterine fetal hypoxia and even miscarriage
blood: -blockers inhibit an increase in fibrinolytic activity and an increase in platelet aggregation under stress loads
Indications: Ischemic heart disease, hypertension, tachyarrhythmia, hyperthyroidism, open-angle glaucoma
Side effects: bronchospasm, weakening of heart contractions, decreased heart rate, impaired AV conduction, withdrawal syndrome, hypo- or hyperglycemia, weakness, lethargy, decreased potency, impaired peripheral circulation.
Contraindications: broncho-obstructive diseases, sinus bradycardia (<50 / min), hypotension, atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus and hypoglycemic conditions, pregnancy, congestive circulatory failure, peripheral circulatory disorders (Raynaud's disease, obliterating endarteritis)
Anaprilin - reduces heart rate and strength of heart contractions, increases bronchial tone, can provoke bronchospasm. Blocks the metabolic effects of catecholamines.
Oxprenolol - rarely causes bronchospasm.
Metoprolol - affects mainly the beta1-adrenergic receptors of the heart, is used orally for arterial hypertension.
Talinolol - does not affect the bronchi, does not cause orthostatic collapse.
88. Inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Fibrinolysis inhibitors - these are synthetic substances and substances of animal origin with antienzyme activity that reduce the fibrinolytic activity of blood and tissues.
Classification:
1.synthetic: aminocaproic acid, tranexamic acid, aminomethylbenzoic acid.
2.animal origin: APROTININ (high molecular weight polypeptides secreted from various tissues and slaughter cattle: from the pancreas (gorodoks), parotid glands (trasilol), lungs (contrikal); aprotinin is the general name of drugs).