1) Means used for diagnostic purposes

Histamine

Gastrin

Pentagastrin

Extractive substances

These funds are used to identify the causes of a decrease in gastric secretion. If the reason for the decrease in secretion is functional disorders, these substances significantly increase the secretion of gastric juice. In the presence of organic lesions of the gastric mucosa, this does not happen.

Histaminestimulates histamine H2 receptors in the stomach, increases the amount of gastric juice. In addition, it increases vascular permeability, tones up the bronchi, intestines, and lowers blood pressure. To avoid effects not associated with an increase in gastric secretion, antihistamines are taken.

Gastrin in activity it is many times superior to histamine and acts selectively on the glands of the stomach. It increases the formation of hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen, and also stimulates the secretion of the pancreas, bile formation and the production of Castle's intrinsic factor.

Pentagastrin is a synthetic analogue of gastrin

Used with a healing purpose:

Carbonic mineral waters; ("Yessentuki" No. 4, 17, "Narzan", "Mirgorodskaya", "Slavyanskaya"); Proserin; Limontar

Indications: used in case of weakened but preserved gastric function

Carbonic mineral waters stimulate gastric secretion, have anti-inflammatory effect. Proserin belongs to the group of anticholinesterase agents, due to the blockade of the cholinesterase enzyme, it disrupts the hydrolysis of acetylcholine and increases its effect on cholinergic receptors, incl. and on the cholinergic receptors of the gastric mucosa, which leads to the stimulation of the production of hydrochloric acid and pepsin.

Substitution therapy:Natural gastric juice; Pepsin; Diluted hydrochloric acid. side effects of HCL: acidosis. They are used in case of insufficiency of the function of the glands of the stomach, achilia, dyspepsia, hypo- and anacid gastritis, when stimulating therapy is ineffective.

2. Antiseptics - compounds of metals. Classification. Mechanism of action. Indications for use. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of preparations.

Antiseptics are medicinal substances that suppress microorganisms on the surface of the body, on the skin and mucous membranes.

Compounds of metals: mercury dichloride, silver nitrate, zinc oxide, yellow mercury oxide, copper sulfate, zinc sulfate.

Mechanism of action: interacts with proteins, leading to the appearance of salt-like compounds, albuminates, blocks thiol groups in enzymes, disrupting cellular respiration. In high concentrations, depending on the nature of the metal and acid residue, salt concentration, different effects can occur: astringent, irritating, cauterizing.

Indication: mercury dichloride: for the disinfection of mercury oxide yellow for pustular skin diseases, in eye practice

Silver preparations: in dermatology, ophthalmology, urology, for cauterization of warts, ulcers, erosions.

Side effects: poisoning with mercury compounds (mercuric chloride).