3) Preparations for topical use:

SODIUM SULFACIL

SULFADIAZINE SILVER

4) Combined preparations of sulfonamides with trimethoprim

SULFAMETOXAZOLE / TRIMETOPRIM

SULFAMONOMETOXIN / TRIMETOPRIM

SULFAMETROL / TRIMETOPRIM

Mechanism: It is due to the competitive antagonism of sulfonamides with para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA).prevent the incorporation of PABA into dihydrofolic acid. Along with the noted sulfonamides competitively inhibit dihydropteroate synthetase.

Character: bacteriostatic action.

Effects: anti-inflammatory, neutralize toxins, hypoglycemic effect, diuretic effect, enhance antimicrobial effect.

Spectrum: (wide) 1) bacteria (cocci, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Vibrio cholerae, Clostridia, anthrax pathogens, diphtheria),

2) chlamydia,

3) actinomycetes,

4) protozoa (toxoplasmosis, malaria).

Sulfonamides are especially active against the following microorganisms:

- PNEUMOCOCCOV,

- MENINGOKOKKOV,

-GONOKOKKOV,

-HEMOLYTIC STRETOCOCCUS,

- CAUSES OF BACTERIAL DYSENTERIA

Indications: one. colitis, dysentery, enterocolitis

2. Infections of the biliary and urinary tract.

3. pneumonia, abscesses, bronchitis, pharyngitis, tracheitis, laryngitis.

4. Angina, otitis media, purulent meningitis, conjunctivitis, erysipelas

5. Dermatovenereological diseases (pyoderma, syphilis, gonorrhea, mycoses).

6. Treatment of wounds (only free from pus).

Side effects: Allergy, weakness, agranulocytosis. kidney stones, imbalance of B vitamins, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, visual impairment

Contraindications: allergic diseases, kidney and blood diseases, pregnancy, children and newborns in the first week of life, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, nephrosis, nephritis, acute porphyria, thyrotoxicosis, hypersensitivity to sulfonamides.

Combined preparations of sulfonamides with trimethoprim:sulfatone, poteseptil, bactrim, have high antibacterial activity, are well absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract. Duration - 6-8 hours. Side effects - dyspepsia, allergies, inhibition of hematopoiesis.

Ticket 7

1. Development of pharmacology in Russia. Pharmokopeia, its legal significance. Prescription - Jur. Document.

It has long been treated by healers, magicians, wanderers. The monks actively collected and systematized the available knowledge. In the 11th century - the herbalist "Izbornik Svyatoslav", in the 16th century - the herbalist "Blagoprokhladny Vertograd" In the 16th century, the 1st pharmacy was opened in Moscow, in the 17th century, the Pharmaceutical Order was established. Pharmaceutical gardens appeared (cultivating medicinal plants). In 1778, the 1st State Pharmacopoeia (list of medicines) was published in Latin, in 1866 - in Russian. At the beginning of the 19th century, scientific pharmacology began to develop. Nelyubin is an exploration of the Caucasian water miner. Zabelin - founded a pharmaceutical laboratory in St. Petersburg. Pelican - studied fur-m d-i curare and strophanth preparations. Iovskiy published a textbook on pharmacology in 1835. Dogel - pharmacol-I CCC. Pirogov - research of drugs for anesthesia. Sechenov - pharmacol-I of neurotropic agents. Botkin studied cardiotropic drugs. Pavlov studied cardiac glycosides, antipyretic, osnovopol-k psychopharmacol-i, researching the impact of various substances on the digestive system. Ermolyeva - during the Second World War she received penicillin. The State Pharmacopoeia contains a list of drugs produced in the country, indicating the approved nomenclature, chemical structure of the connection, as well as standards, norms and methods, on the basis of which the quality of drugs is controlled, the correct dosage.

Prescription is an important section of pharmacology that studies methods of making and prescribing medicinal forms. The most important doctor's document. Mistakes can cause irreparable damage to the patient. The doctor is legally responsible for the prescribed prescription. Often a recipe is a financial document.