Exam / exam questions
.docFEDERAL STATE BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION OF
HIGHER EDUCATION "THE KUBAN STATE MEDICAL UNIVERSITY"
THE MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACOLOGY
QUESTIONS
TO PREPARE FOR THE EXAM ON THE DISCIPLINE "PHARMACOLOGY"
SPECIALTY 31.05.01 GENERAL MEDICINE
The formation and development of the Department of pharmacology of the Kuban state medical University (P. P. Avrorov, I. E. Akopov, A. I. Ostroumov, et all).
The definition of pharmacology as a science, its tasks, place among other medical and biological Sciences. The scientific rationale of the experiment on animals. The value of the experimental data for the progress of science and medical practice.
The development of pharmacology in Russia. Pharmacopeia and its legal significance. The attitude of prescription as to the legal document.
The pharmacological works of domestic psychologists and clinicians (I. M. Sechenov, I. P. Pavlov, S. P. Botkin, N. I. Pirogov).
The founder of the national pharmacology N. P. Kravkov. The main research areas of the school
N. P. Kravkov.
Homeopathy basic principles. Evaluation of homeopathic treatment.
Principles of surveying medicinal substances. The path of synthesis of pharmacological substances. Obtaining drugs from plant and animal raw materials.
Basic principles and methods of testing new drugs. The concept of "placebo" and "blind" control. The ethical side of assignment "placebo".
The peculiarities of action and dosing of drugs with different routes of administration.
The absorption of medicinal substances from the site of injection. Drug transport through cell membranes.
Distribution of medicinal substances in the body. The biotransformation of drugs in the body and ways of their elimination. The concept of bioavailability.
Basic principles (mechanisms) of action of drugs. Their interaction with receptors.
Types of action of drugs.
Conditions that affect the manifestation of the action of drugs in the body. The importance of psychogenic factors in the effectiveness of drug treatment; according to the doctor and prescribing medication. Ethical side of the issue advertising of new drugs.
The dependence of the effect of the dose (concentration) of the active substance. The breadth of therapeutic action. The significance of selecting formulations and methods of administration of medications.
Changing reactions to drugs in their repeated introductions. The concept of habituation, medicinal dependence, tahifilaksii, sensitization. Accumulation of drugs. Social aspects of drug abuse. The dangers of self-medication.
The combined action of medicinal substances. Synergy. Antagonism. Antidotes.
Side and toxic effects of drugs. Side effects allergic and non-allergic nature. Toxicity. Teratogenicity. Embryo toxicity. Carcinogenicity. Idiosyncrasy.
The types of drug therapy. The dependence of the action of pharmacological agents on the initial state of the organism (age, sex, genetic factors, circadian rhythms and pathological background).
The basic principles of first aid in acute poisoning drugs.
The history of the discovery of anesthesia (T. Morton, N. I. Pirogov). The concept of biological and medical anesthesia. Classification of narcosis. The mechanism of action of inhalation anesthetic drugs. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
The story of the discovery of non-inhalation anesthesia (N. I. Pirogov, N. P. Kravkov, S. P. Fedorov). Classification of narcosis. Requirements for non-inhalation anesthetic drugs. The advantages and disadvantages of non-inhalation anesthesia in comparison with inhalation. Comparative characteristics of non-inhalation anaesthesia means.
Ethyl alcohol. Antimicrobial action of alcohol, the effect on the Central nervous system, skin and mucosa for digestion. Acute and chronic alcohol poisoning. The treatment of poisoning.
Hypnotics. Classification of hypnotics on chemical structure. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs. Opportunities for the development of dependence.
Anti-epileptic means. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiparkinsonian funds. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Narcotic (opioid) analgesics. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs. Antagonists of narcotic analgesics.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (analgesics). Classification. The mechanism of their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic actions. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antipsychotics. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs. The concept of neuroleptanalgesia.
The tranquilizers. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs. Opportunities for the development of dependence. The concept of "day" tranquilizers.
Sedatives. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
The psychostimulants. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Analeptics. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antidepressants. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Nootropics. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Local anesthetics. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Astringent, enveloping, absorbent, irritant. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
M - M,N-cholinomimetic agents. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs. Poisoning muscarine, measures to help.
N-cholinomimetic agents. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Anticholinesterase drugs. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs. Reactivator cholinesterase. Poisoning FOS, measures to help.
M-cholinoblokers substances. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs. Atropine poisoning, measures to help.
Ganglion blokers funds. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Curariform funds. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
and ,-adrenomimetic substances. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
-agonists. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
-adrenergic blocker means. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
-adrenergic blockers. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Sympatholytic funds. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Drugs affecting the immune system. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Cardiac glycosides. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Glycoside intoxication. The measures of prevention and emergency assistance.
Antiarrhythmic funds I class (blockers of sodium channels, or membrane). Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiarrhythmic funds II class (-blockers). Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiarrhythmic funds III class (blockers of potassium channels). The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiarrhythmic funds IV class (calcium channel blockers). Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antihypertensives Central neurotropic action. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antihypertensives peripheral neurotropic action. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antihypertensives that affect the renin-angiotensin system. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antihypertensive agents that affect water-salt metabolism. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antihypertensives myotropic actions. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Calcium channel blockers for the treatment of hypertension. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Rational combinations and combination therapies for the treatment of hypertension. To explain the rationality of the application.
Nitrates used in ischemic heart disease. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiadrenergic treatment for coronary heart disease. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Calcium channel blockers for the treatment of coronary heart disease. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Drugs used in myocardial infarction. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiatherosclerotic funds. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Stimulants of respiration. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antitussives. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Expectorants. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Products used for the treatment of asthma. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Means affecting the appetite. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Agents that increase the secretion of gastric glands. Means of replacement therapy in hyposecretion of the gastric glands. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Agents that reduce the secretion of gastric glands. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antacids. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Gastroprotectiv drugs. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Emetic and antiemetic.Classification.The mechanism of action.Indications.Side effects.Contraindications.Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Cholagogue. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Laxatives. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Diuretics. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Agents that increase the tone and contractile activity of the myometrium. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Agents that reduce the tone and contractile activity of the myometrium. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Agents that stimulate erythropoiesis. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Agents that stimulate leucopoiesis. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Tools that help stop bleeding (hemostatic). Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Agents that stimulate fibrinolysis. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiplatelet agents. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Inhibitors of fibrinolysis. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Anticoagulants. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Drugs of thyroid hormones. Antithyroid drugs. The hormones of the parathyroid glands. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
The hormones of the pancreas. Synthetic hypoglycemic drugs. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Drugs hormones of the pituitary gland. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Drugs sex hormones and their antagonists. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
The hormones of the adrenal cortex (glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids). Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Hormonal contraceptive drugs. Classification. The mechanism of action. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antihistaminic drugs (blockers N1-histamine receptors). Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Preparations of water-soluble vitamins. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
The drugs fat-soluble vitamins. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Enzyme preparations. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Anti-inflammatory drugs steroid structure. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiseptics of the aromatic and aliphatic series. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Halogen-containing antiseptics. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Dyes. Detergents. The oxidizing agents. Acid and alkalis. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiseptics - metal compounds. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
The concept of antiseptic and disinfectant action. The conditions determining antimicrobial activity of drugs. Nitrofuran derivatives of. Classification. The mechanism of action. The nature of the action. The spectrum of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Differences of chemotherapeutic agents from antiseptics. Basic principles of chemotherapy. Criteria for the evaluation of chemotherapeutic activity of drugs.
Classification of antibiotics.
Antibiotics of the penicillin group. Classification. The mechanism of action. The nature of the action. The spectrum of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
The cephalosporin antibiotics. Classification. The mechanism of action. The nature of the action. The spectrum of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antibiotics group carbapenems and monobactams. Classification. The mechanism of action. The nature of the action. The spectrum of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antibiotics are the macrolides and aminoglycosides. Classification. The mechanism of action. The nature of the action. The spectrum of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
The antibiotics tetracycline and chloramphenicol. Classification. The mechanism of action. The nature of the action. The spectrum of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antibiotics group lincosamides and glycopeptides. Classification. The mechanism of action. The nature of the action. The spectrum of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Complications arising from the use of antibiotics, measures of prevention.
Sulfonamid drugs. Classification. The mechanism of action. The nature of the action. The spectrum of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.A combination of drugs sulfonamides with trimethoprim.
Anti-microbial agents derivatives hinolona. Classification. The mechanism of action. The nature of the action. The spectrum of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Anti-tuberculosis funds. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiviral agents. Classification. The mechanism of action. The nature of the action. The spectrum of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
The antifungal drugs. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antispirochitic funds. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Drugs used in the treatment of protozoal infections (amebiasis, leishmaniasis, giardiasis, trichomonads, toxoplasmosis, balantidiasis). Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Anti-malaria treatment. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antihelminthic drugs Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Antiblastoma funds. Classification. The mechanism of action. Indications. Side effects. Contraindications. Comparative evaluation of drugs.
Approved at the meeting of the Department of pharmacology
Protocol № _____ from "____"_________________ 20 .
Head of the Department of Pharmacology,
Corresponding Member
of Russian Academy of Sciences P. A. Galenko-Yaroshevsky