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Ȼɥɚɝɨɞɚɪɸ ɡɚ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ

ɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈ-ɉɊɂɄɅȺȾɇȺə ɎɂɁɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɉɈȾȽɈɌɈȼɄȺ ȻɍȾɍɓɂɏ

ɋɉȿɐɂȺɅɂɋɌɈȼ

ȿȽɈɊɕɑȿȼ Ⱥɥɟɤɫɟɣ Ɉɥɟɝɨɜɢɱ

ɉɅȺɇ

1.ɆȿɋɌɈ ɂ ɊɈɅɖ ɎɂɁɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊɕ ȼ ɉɊɈɐȿɋɋȿ ɉɈȾȽɈɌɈȼɄɂ ɑȿɅɈȼȿɄȺ Ʉ ɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈɃ ȾȿəɌȿɅɖɇɈɋɌɂ;

2.ɉɈɇəɌɂɃɇɕȿ ɈɋɇɈȼɕ ɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɈɇȺɅɖɇɈ-ɉɊɂɄɅȺȾɇɈɃ ɎɂɁɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ɉɈȾȽɈɌɈȼɄɂ;

3.ɎɈɊɆɂɊɈȼȺɇɂȿ ɉɋɂɏɈɎɂɁɂɑȿɋɄɈɃ ȽɈɌɈȼɇɈɋɌɂ ɋɌɍȾȿɇɌɈȼ ɉɊɂ ɈȻɍɑȿɇɂɂ ɉɊɈɎȿɋɋɂɂ;

4.ɈɊȽȺɇɂɁȺɐɂə ɂ ɎɈɊɆɕ ɉɉɎɉ;

5.ɄɈɇɌɊɈɅɖ ɁȺ ɗɎɎȿɄɌɂȼɇɈɋɌɖɘ ɉɉɎɉ;

6.ɉɊɈɂɁȼɈȾɋɌȼȿɇɇȺə ɎɂɁɂɑȿɋɄȺə ɄɍɅɖɌɍɊȺ

Ɉɛɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɥɟɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɦ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚɦ:

zɤɚɤ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɡɚ ɫɱɟɬ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ;

zɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ ɜɢɞɚɯ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ;

zɨɛɭɱɟɧɢɟ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨɫɬɟɣ: ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ, ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɜɹɡɟɣ, ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɬɟɨɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɜɢɠɟɧɢɣ;

zɨɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɦɚɫɬɟɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɩɟɯ ɜ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɜɢɫɹɬ ɨɬ ɨɞɧɢɯ ɢ ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ: ɫɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɹ, ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɟɝɨ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜ ɤɨɥɥɟɤɬɢɜɟ, ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ, ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɨɩɵɬɚ, ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ [341].

ɉɟɪɟɧɨɫ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ

ȼ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɹ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɣ

ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɨɞɨɛɪɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦɢ

ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɧɚ ɭɫɩɟɲɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ

ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɹ ɬɟɯ

ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ, ɨɬ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɬ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ ɤ ɫɩɟɰɢɮɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ

ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɬɪɭɞɚ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɜ ɭɱɟɛɧɵɯ ɡɚɜɟɞɟɧɢɹɯ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɭɱɚɳɟɣɫɹ ɦɨɥɨɞɟɠɢ ɤ

ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɢɤɥɚɞɧɨɩɪɨɮɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ. ȼ ɟɝɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɥɟɠɢɬ ɷɮɮɟɤɬ ɩɟɪɟɧɨɫɚ ɬɪɟɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ.

Ɇɧɨɝɨɱɢɫɥɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɧɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɤ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɢɡ ɫɬɨɪɨɧ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɢ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɢɬ ɤ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɸ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ. ȼɨɬ ɥɢɲɶ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɵ:

zɢɡ 20 ɦɥɧ. ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɫ ɜɵɫɲɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ – 10 ɦɥɧ. ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ [209];

zɡɚ ɝɨɞ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɟɬɫɹ ɨɤɨɥɨ 11 ɬɵɫɹɱ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ ɢ 40 ɬɵɫɹɱ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɚɜɦɚɬɢɡɦɚ, ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ 8 ɬɵɫɹɱ ɫɨ ɫɦɟɪɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɢɫɯɨɞɨɦ, ɚ 12 ɬɵɫɹɱ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɹɬɫɹ ɢɧɜɚɥɢɞɚɦɢ [275];

zɬɨɥɶɤɨ 3–8% ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɨ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɩɫɢɯɨɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ [18, 161];

zɡɚ ɝɨɞɵ ɭɱɟɛɵ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ ɛɭɞɭɳɢɯ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɢɫɬɨɜ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ 3,8 ɪɚɡɚ [45];

zɢɡ ɜɫɟɯ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚ 80–85% ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɝɨɬɨɜɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤ ɧɢɡɤɢɦ ɦɨɪɚɥɶɧɨ-ɜɨɥɟɜɵɦ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚɦ, ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨɣ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɷɤɫɬɪɟɦɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ ɫɪɟɞɵ (ɧɢɡɤɚɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ), ɩɨɧɢɠɟɧɧɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ, ɪɚɧɧɟɦɭ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɢɡɧɨɫɭ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚ

[209].