Общий
.pdfȺɤɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɞɥɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
•Ƚɢɩɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɹ;
•ɍɫɩɟɯɢ
ɩɪɨɮɢɥɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɦɟɞɢɰɢɧɵ;
•ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ;
•ɉɟɪɟɟɞɚɧɢɟ
•Ⱦɨɥɹ ɦɵɲɟɱɧɨɝɨ ɬɪɭɞɚ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɫɨɤɪɚɬɢɥɚɫɶ ɡɚ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɟ 100 ɥɟɬ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɱɟɦ ɜ 200 ɪɚɡ;
•ɋɪɟɞɧɹɹ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɧɚ 15 – 20 ɥɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɸ ɫ 19 ɜɟɤɨɦ;
•ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɥɸɞɟɣ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ ɩɪɢɜɟɥɨ ɤ ɪɹɞɭ ɬɟɯɧɨɝɟɧɧɵɯ ɤɚɬɚɫɬɪɨɮ ɢ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ, ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɞɨɥɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɡɧɢ (ɑɟɪɧɨɛɵɥɶ, ɧɟɮɬɹɧɵɟ ɬɚɧɤɟɪɵ, ɦɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɞɪ. ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ);
•ɉɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ ɯɨɥɟɫɬɟɪɢɧɚ ɛɨɥɟɟ 200ɦɝ/% ɭɜɟɥɢɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɪɢɫɤ ɢɧɮɚɪɤɬɚ ɜ 1, 5 – 3 ɪɚɡɚ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ
Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ, ɧɨ ɢ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ,
ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ
ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɹ
ɋɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ:
1.Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɛɨɥɟɡɧɟɣ;
2.ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ ɧɚ ɜɫɟɯ ɭɪɨɜɧɹɯ ɟɝɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ;
3.ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ;
4.ɉɨɥɧɨɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ. Ⱦɭɲɟɜɧɨɟ, ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɛɥɚɝɨɩɨɥɭɱɢɟ, ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɱɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɢɥ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ;
5.ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɫɩɨɫɚɛɥɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɦɟɧɹɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɦ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ (ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ).
Ɏɚɤɬɨɪɵ, ɜɥɢɹɸɳɢɟ ɧɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ (ɦɨɞɟɥɶ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɧɚɹ Ʌɢɫɢɰɢɧɵɦ ɘ.ɉ.,Ʉɨɦɚɪɨɜ ɘ.Ɇ., 1987)
ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɡɞɪɚɜɨɨɯɪɚɧɟɧɢɹ
Ɉɛɪɚɡ ɠɢɡɧɢ
ɇɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ
55
ɗɤɨɥɨɝɢɹ
ɉɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɜ ɜɚɥɟɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɨ Ȼɪɟɯɦɚɧɭ ɂ.ɂ.
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40 |
Ɂɞɨɪɨɜɵɟ 10% |
40 |
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3-ɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ |
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35 |
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30 |
25 |
25 |
65% |
25 |
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ɜɵɫɨɤɚɹ |
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ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ |
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20 |
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ɫɪɵɜ |
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15 |
10 |
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ɞɟɡɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɹ |
Ȼɨɥɶɧɵɟ |
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10 |
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5 |
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25% |
0 |
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1 |
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ȿɫɥɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɜɫɸ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɰɢɸ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɢɬɟɬɚ ɜ ɜɢɞɟ ɩɢɪɚɦɢɞɵ, ɬɨ ɟɺ ɦɨɠɧɨ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ ɭɪɨɜɧɹ: ɜɟɪɲɢɧɭ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɬ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ – 10%, ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɵ
ɢɦɟɸɳɢɟ ɨɬɤɥɨɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ – 25%. 65%
ɫɬɭɞɟɧɬɨɜ ɟɳɟ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɛɨɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɧɟ
ɨɬɧɨɫɹɬɫɹ ɢ ɤ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɵɦ.
2.ɋɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ ɢ ɤɪɢɬɟɪɢɢ, ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ
• |
Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ |
• |
Ȼɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ |
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ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ; |
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ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ; |
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ɉɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ |
• |
ɉɚɫɩɨɪɬɧɵɣ |
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ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ; |
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ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ; |
• |
ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ |
• |
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ |
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ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ; |
|
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ |
•ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɣ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬ
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɨɰɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬɚɦ ɫɬɟɩ-ɬɟɫɬɚ
H- ɜɵɫɨɬɚ ɫɬɭɩɟɧɶɤɢ ɜ ɦɟɬɪɚɯ 0,3 S-ɤɨɥ-ɜɨ ɜɨɫɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɣ ɜ ɦɢɧɭɬɭ; P – ɦɚɫɫɚ ɬɟɥɚ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ;
F- ɑɋɋ;
N-ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ.
Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ – ɷɬɨ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ
ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɦɚ
Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɵ:
1.ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ.
2.ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ;
3.ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ;
4.ɍɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɦɨɛɢɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɞɚɩɬɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɪɟɡɟɪɜɨɜ.
ɎɊ – ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɬɟɥɨɫɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ (ɞɥɢɧɚ ɢ ɦɚɫɫɚ ɬɟɥɚ, ɨɫɚɧɤɚ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.);
Ɏɉ – ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ;
Ɏɭɧɤɰ. ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ – ɫɬɟɩɟɧɶ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɚɪɞɢɨɪɟɫɩɢɪɚɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɞɪ. ɮɢɡɢɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ;
Ⱥɞɚɩɬɚɰ. ɪɟɡɟɪɜɵ – ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɥɟɬɨɤ, ɬɤɚɧɟɣ, ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɫɬɨɹɬɶ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɸ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɟɫɫ-ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ
ɉɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ – ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɨ ɪɟɚɝɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɢ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɞɪɚɠɢɬɟɥɢ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɨɜɟɫɢɬɶ ɫɟɛɹ ɫ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɪɟɞɨɣ
1.Ɉɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢɥɢ ɩɫɢɯɨɫɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɣ;
2.ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɤɢ;
3.Ȼɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ
ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ
•ɉɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ
ɡɚɛɨɥɟɜɚɧɢɹ
(ɲɢɡɨɮɪɟɧɢɹ, ɩɚɪɚɧɨɣɹ
ɢ ɬ.ɞ.)
•ɇɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɟ –
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ
ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɧɨɪɦɚɦ;
•Ȼɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɨɟ
ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɟ – ɧɚɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ,
ɫɚɦɨɱɭɜɫɬɜɢɟ,
ɧɚɩɪɹɠɟɧɢɟ,
ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ – ɦɟɪɚ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɚɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɢ,
ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɚ ɤ ɦɢɪɭ
•Ɇɨɪɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ;
•ɋɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɜɹɡɢ;
•ɋɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɨɛɳɟɧɢɸ
•ɇɪɚɜɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ
–ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ –
ɜɨɥɤ, ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɭ
–ɞɪɭɝ, ɧɟ ɭɤɪɚɞɢ, ɧɟ
ɨɛɦɚɧɵɜɚɣ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.;
•ɑɢɫɥɨ ɛɥɢɡɤɢɯ ɞɪɭɡɟɣ,
ɥɸɞɟɣ ɫ ɤɟɦ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɬɶ;
•ɗɦɩɚɬɢɹ, ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɶ, ɭɦɟɧɢɟ ɭɫɥɵɲɚɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɜɥɚɞɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɱɶɸ ɢ ɞɪ.
ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɟ – ɷɬɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɫɬɢɤɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɧɢɹ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɚ ɩɨ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɹɦ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɨɰɟɧɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ, ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɭɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɦ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɚɦ, ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɸɳɢɦ ɷɬɭ
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ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ |
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Ƚɪɭɩɩɵ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɣ: ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ – |
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ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɵɯ |
ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ; ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ – ɡɧɚɤ; ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ |
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ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɸ |
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– ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ; ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ – ɩɪɢɪɨɞɚ; |
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ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɢ; |
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ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ – ɯɭɞɨɠɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ |
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ɍɫɬɨɣɱɢɜɨɫɬɶ ɤ |
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ɨɛɪɚɡ; |
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ɒɭɦ, ɜɢɛɪɚɰɢɹ, ɜɪɟɞɧɵɟ |
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ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɦ |
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ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɹɦ; |
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ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɥɭɱɢɫɬɚɹ ɷɧɟɪɝɢɹ, |
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ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɚɹ |
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ɜɚɯɬɨɜɵɣ ɢ ɫɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ |
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ɬɪɭɞɚ, ɫɦɟɧɚ ɤɥɢɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ |
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ɪɚɛɨɬɨɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ |
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ɱɚɫɨɜɵɯ ɩɨɹɫɨɜ, ɪɚɛɨɬɚ ɧɚ |
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ɭɥɢɰɟ ɢ ɬ.ɞ.; |
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Ɏɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɢ ɩɫɢɯɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ |
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ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɵ (ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ |
ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜ, ɩɚɦɹɬɶ, ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ, ɦɵɲɥɟɧɢɟ. ȼɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɝɨ ɞɧɹ);