Cardiology / English / ГБ на английском языке для иностранцев
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EKG:
Chest X-Ray (CXR):
Definition and Classification of Blood Pressure
Levels in different Country:
Category |
JNC 7 USA |
European |
Russia |
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Optimal |
|
<120 and <80 |
|
Normal |
<120 and <80 |
120-129 and/or 80-84 |
<120 and <80 |
High-normal |
120-139 or 80-89 |
130-139 and/or 85-89 |
120-139 or 80-89 |
Hypertension |
|
|
≥ 140 or ≥ 90 |
Grade I |
140-159 or 90-99 |
140-159 and/or 90-99 |
140-159 or 90-99 |
Grade II |
≥ 160 or 100 |
160-179 and/or 100-109 |
160-179 or 100- |
|
|
|
109 |
Grade III |
|
≥ 180 and/or ≥ 110 |
≥ 180 or ≥ 110 |
Isolated Systolic |
|
≥ 140 and <90 |
≥ 140 and <90 |
Hypertension |
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Definition of hypertension by office and out-of-office blood pressure levels:
Category |
SBP (mmHg) |
|
DBP (mmHg) |
|
|
|
|
Office BP |
≥140 |
and/or |
≥90 |
Ambulatory BP |
|
|
|
Daytime (or awake) |
≥135 |
and/or |
≥ 85 |
Nighttime (or asleep) |
≥120 |
and/or |
≥ 70 |
24-h |
≥ 130 |
and/or |
≥80 |
Home BP |
≥ 135 |
and/or |
≥85 |
|
|
|
|
Target organs for arterial hypertension:
Heart:
Left ventricular hypertrophy may cause or facilitate many cardiac complications of hypertension, including congestive heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, and sudden death.
Brain:
Hypertension is the major predisposing cause of stroke, especially intracerebral hemorrhage but also ischemic cerebral infarction.
Kidney:
Chronic hypertension leads to nephrosclerosis, a common cause of renal insufficiency.
Retina:
Retinopathy angiospastica.
Factors other than office BP influencing prognosis; used for stratification of total CV risk:
Risk factors:
1.Male sex.
2.Age (M > 55 years; W > 65 years).
3.Smoking.
4.Dyslipidaemia:
a)TC > 5.72 mmol/L (220 mg/dL) and/or:
b)LDL-C > 3.3 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) and/or:
c)HDL-C < 1.0 mmol/L (40 mg/dL
5.Abdominal obesity (waist circumference > 94cm (M), >
80cm (W))
6.Family history of premature CV disease (< 50 years).
Asymptomatic Organ Damage:
1.Pulse pressure (in the elderly) ≥60 mmHg.
2.Electrocardiographic LVH or:
3.Echocardiographic LVH.
4.Carotid wall thickening (IMT > 0.9 mm) or
5.Plaque CKD with eGFR 30-60 ml/min/1.73 m2 (BSA).
6.Microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/24h), or albumincreatinine ratio(male > 22mg/g ;female > 31mg/g).
Ассоциированные клинические состояния:
1. Diabetes mellitus:
a)Fasting plasma glucose ≥7.0 mmol/L (126 mg/dL) on two repeated measurements, and/or:
b)HbA1C >7%, and/or
c)Post-load plasma glucose >11.0 mmol/L (198 mg/dL). 2. Cerebrovascular disease:
а) ischaemic stroke; b)cerebral haemorrhage;
c) transient ischaemic attack. 3. CHD:
a)myocardial infarction; b)angina;
c)myocardial revascularization with PCI or CABG.
4.Heart failure, including heart failure with preserved EF.
5.Symptomatic lower extremities peripheral artery disease.
6.CKD with eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73m2 (BSA); proteinuria (>300 mg/24h).
7.Advanced retinopathy; haemorrhages or exudates, papilloedema.
Stratification of total CV risk in hypertension: