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Grammar review

Conditional sentence

Verb form in if-clause

Verb form in result-clause

Meaning of if-clause

Use

Examples

0

If + Simple Present

Simple present

Real and Possible situations at any time, but most commonly in present.

1) situations that can occur at any time(more than once) and their results,

2) general truths,

3) general instruction.

If you press this key, the game starts.

If you boil water, it turns into steam.

If you want to start, press the red button.

I

If + Simple Present

Simple Future

Possible in the present or future

1) possible future events and their results,

2) command,

3) offer,

4) warnings.

If it rains, I will stay at home.

If you come home late, don’t make noise.

I’ll call the hotel if you don’t have time.

I’ll call the police if you don’t leave now!

II

If + Simple Past

Would

or + verb

Could

Impossible or not true in the present

. improbable in the future

. imaginary situations

1) improbable future event or situation

2) a hypothetical current situation which is contrary to known facts,

3) giving advice.

If I won a lottery, I would buy an island.

If I knew the answer I would tell you.

If I were you, I would see a doctor.

III

If + Past Perfect

Would

or + have + past participle

Could

Should

Impossible in the past

If I had seen the red light, I would have stopped.

If you had worked hard, you could have passed your exam.

Exercise 1. Open the brackets and say each sentence three times. Use the first, the second and the third conditionals.

E.g. If I (to see) her, I (to be) glad. 1. If I see her, I will be glad.

2. If I saw her, I would be glad.

3. If I had seen her, I would have been glad.

  1. If she (to know) English, she (to try) to enter the university.

  2. If my mother (to buy) a cake, we (to have) a very nice tea-party.

  3. If I (to have) a computer, it (to help) me in my studies.

  4. If my grandfather (to be) younger, we (can) go running together.

  5. If my girlfriend (not to be) so capricious, we (to get) on better.

  6. If there (to be) no clouds, we (not/ to enjoy) the sun.

First conditional

Exercise 2. Match the sentence parts.

If you lie in the sun, you’ll get sunburned._

lie in the sun

don’t eat your breakfast

don’t work hard

eat too much

miss the bus

take this medicine

don’t save your money

take a taxi

don’t listen in class

get there sooner

get sunburned

not be able to buy a bicycle

be hungry

not understand the homework

get fat

not pass your exam

be late

soon feel better

Exercise 3. Complete the sentences with the verbs in brackets. Add a comma where

necessary.

  1. If the dog_______ (keep) barking, the neighbours ________ (complain).

  2. The boss _______________ (be) angry if you __________ (arrive) late for work again.

  3. If you _________________________ (eat) too much you _______(be) sick.

  4. If the weather ________ (be) bad on Sunday we __________________(stay) at home.

  5. If you ___________ (study) hard you _______________________(pass) your exam.

  6. If a driver ______________ (break) suddenly on a wet road, he ________(skid).

  7. I _______________ (buy) you an ice cream if you _____________(say) please.

  8. If you _________________ (not be) careful you ___________________(fall).

  9. Ice ________________ (turn) to water if you _________________(heat) it.

  10. I’m sure they ________________ (steal) your car if you ____________(leave) it unlocked.

  11. If you _____________ (not like) the magazine, I ________________(bring) you another.