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МОСКОВСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ МВД РОССИИ ИМЕНИ В.Я. КИКОТЯ

Кафедра иностранных языков

Гольцева О.Ю. Соколова А.Б.

СБОРНИК ТЕКСТОВ ДЛЯ ВНЕАУДИТОРНОГО ЧТНЕНИЯ

ДЛЯ 4 КУРСА МПФ

Под редакцией заслуженного деятеля Высшей школы России, профессора, к.ю.н. И.А.Горшеневой

2016

Методические рекомендации для обучающихся по организации самостоятельной работы.

понимания прочитанного и в качестве возможного способа использования полученной информации.

Письменный текст как средство восприятия и передачи информации

Текст имеет внутреннюю организацию, он состоит из слов и предложений, объединенных смыслом.

Прежде всего текст имеет дескриптивную структуру, он создан для описания факта, явления, понятия, действия и т.п., т.е. каждый текст, описывая что-то, несет информацию, а части этой информации связаны друг с другом единой логикой, единым смыслом. Таким образом, свойством текста выступают его дескриптивность, информативность и логичность.

В своей структуре текст как носитель информации содержит информативные единицы. Выделяя их в тексте, мы можем представить структуру текста следующим образом:

•основная мысль текста, формирующая понятие о предмете высказывания;

•основные темы текста, отражающие важные положения, изложенные в тексте;

•основные факты текста, разъясняющие и иллюстрирующие главные положения текста;

•детали и подробности текста.

Поисковое чтение - вид чтения для извлечения необходимой информации - самый распространенный вид работы с учебной литературой. Для формирования навыков ориентирования в тексте рекомендуются следующие учебно-тренировочные действия:

•сжатие информации отдельных текстовых элементов;

•вычленение несущественной информации;

•выделение основных теоретических положений;

•определение главной идеи текста;

•изложение содержания в собственной интерпретации;

•составление аннотации, реферата, конспекта на основе содержания текста.

При чтении аутентичного английского текста следует использовать следующие стратегии:

- тренировать навыки «языковой догадки» - догадываться о значении незнакомых слов по контексту, созвучию с родным языком; словообразовательным элементам;

-не принимать во внимание незнакомые слова, не занимающие в тексте ключевые позиции;

-использовать имеющиеся в тексте опоры (ключевые слова, иллюстрации, пояснения);

-пользоваться справочной литературой и разного рода словарями.

Врезультате обучающиеся должны научиться извлекать информацию из аутентичных текстов, не обращаясь к словарю при каждой встречи с незнакомым словом или языковым явлением.

Для этого обучающиеся должны усвоить несколько правил работы с текстом:

1. Читать текст на английском языке – значит пытаться понять его содержание, а не переводить каждое слово.

2.Чтобы понять текст (или спрогнозировать, о чем будет идти речь в этом тексте), необходимо обратиться к помощи заголовка, дат, имен собственных и различного рода схематическому материалу, содержащимся в нем.

3.При чтении текста важно опираться в первую очередь на то, что понятно в нем (знакомые слова, выражения), и затем, опираясь на них, пытаться спрогнозировать содержание всего текста, и догадаться о значении незнакомых слов;

4.Обращаться к словарю следует лишь в тех случаях, когда все прочие возможности понять значение новых слов исчерпаны.

Если в процессе самостоятельной работы над изучением текстового материала или при выполнении заданий для самоконтроля у обучающего возникают вопросы, разрешить которые самостоятельно не удается, необходимо обратиться к преподавателю для получения у него разъяснений или указаний.

TEXT 1.

The United Nations

The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1945 after the Second World War by 51 countries committed to maintaining international peace and security, developing friendly relations among nations and promoting social progress, better living standards and human rights.

The UN has 4 main purposes

To keep peace throughout the world;

To develop friendly relations among nations;

To help nations work together to improve the lives of poor people, to conquer hunger, disease and illiteracy, and to encourage respect for each other’s rights and freedoms;

To be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations to achieve these goals.

Due to its unique international character, and the powers vested in its founding Charter, the Organization can take action on a wide range of issues, and provide a forum for its 193 Member States to express their views, through the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and committees.

The work of the United Nations reaches every corner of the globe. Although best known for peacekeeping, peace building, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance, there are many other ways the United Nations and its System (specialized agencies, funds and programmes) affect our lives and make the world a better place. The Organization works on a broad range of fundamental issues, from sustainable development, environment and refugees protection, disaster relief, counter terrorism, disarmament and non-proliferation, to promoting democracy, human rights, gender equality and the advancement of women, governance, economic and social development and international health, clearing landmines, expanding food production, and more, in order to achieve its goals and coordinate efforts for a safer world for this and future generations.

UN rule of law activities support the development, promotion and implementation of international norms and standards in most fields of international law. The United Nations works to support a rule of law

framework at the national level: a Constitution or its equivalent, as the highest law of the land; clear and consistent legal framework, and implementation thereof; strong institutions of justice, governance, security and human rights that are well structured, financed, trained and equipped; transitional justice processes and mechanisms; and a public and civil society that contributes to strengthening the rule of law and holding public officials and institutions accountable. These are the norms, policies, institutions and processes that form the core of a society in which individuals feel safe and secure, where disputes are settled peacefully and effective redress is available for harm suffered, and where all who violate the law, including the State itself, are held to account.

Over 40 UN entities are engaged in rule of law issues and the Organization is conducting rule of law operations and programming in over 110 countries in all regions of the globe, with the largest presence in Africa.

pro rata - пропорционально; (лат.) в соответствии

Exercise 1 Find these words and word combinations in the text.

a)поддерживать мир и безопасность во всем мире

b)уровень жизни

c)достичь цели

d)победить голод, болезни и неграмотность

e)гуманитарная помощь

f)разоружение

g)верховенство закона

Exercise 2 Say if the sentences are true or false.

1.The United Nations is an international organization founded in 1925 after the Second World War by 51 countries.

2.The United Nations can take action on a wide range of issues through the General Assembly, the Security Council, the Economic and Social Council and other bodies and committees.

3.The UN provides peacekeeping, peace building, conflict prevention and humanitarian assistance.

4.The United Nations works to support a rule of law framework at the national level.

5.the Organization is conducting rule of law operations and programming in over

110 countries in all regions of the globe, with the largest presence in Australia.

Exercise 3 Complete these sentences.

1.The UN has 4 main purposes ………………..

2.The Organization can provide a forum for ………………..

3.The Organization works on a broad range of fundamental issues, from

………………

4.Over 40 UN entities are engaged in …………………………….

Exercise 4 Answer these questions

1.What are the main bodies of the UN?

2.What is the organization best known for?

3.What does UN rule of law activities support?

4.What are the UN powers vested in?

Total : 20

Your score :_________________

TEXT 2.

Treaty Banning Nuclear Weapon Tests in the Atmosphere, in Outer Space and under Water

Signed by the Original Parties, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America at Moscow: 5 August 1963

Opened for signature at London (L), Moscow (M) and Washington (W): 8 August 1963

Entered into force: 10 October 1963

Depositary Governments: Russian Federation, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America

The Governments of the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, hereinafter referred to as the "Original Parties,"

Proclaiming as their principal aim the speediest possible achievement of an agreement on general and complete disarmament under strict international control in accordance with the objectives of the United Nations which would put an end to the armaments race and eliminate the incentive to the production and testing of all kinds of weapons, including nuclear weapons,

Seeking to achieve the discontinuance of all test explosions of nuclear weapons for all time, determined to continue negotiations to this end, and desiring to put an end to the contamination of man's environment by radioactive substances,

Have agreed as follows:

Article I

1. Each of the Parties to this Treaty undertakes to prohibit, to prevent, and not to carry out any nuclear weapon test explosion, or any other nuclear explosion, at any place under its jurisdiction or control:

(a)in the atmosphere; beyond its limits, including outer space; or under water, including territorial waters or high seas; or

(b)in any other environment if such explosion causes radioactive debris to be present outside the territorial limits of the State under whose jurisdiction or control such explosion is conducted. It is understood in this connection that the provisions of this subparagraph are without prejudice to the conclusion of a Treaty resulting in the permanent banning of all nuclear test explosions, including all such explosions underground, the conclusion of which, as the Parties have stated in the Preamble to this Treaty, they seek to achieve.

2. Each of the Parties to this Treaty undertakes furthermore to refrain from causing, encouraging, or in any way participating in, the carrying out of any nuclear weapon test explosion, or any other nuclear explosion, anywhere which would take place in any of the environments described, or have the effect referred to, in paragraph 1 of this Article.

Article II

1.Any Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. The text of any proposed amendment shall be submitted to the Depositary Governments which shall circulate it to all Parties to this Treaty. Thereafter, if requested to do so by one-third or more of the Parties, the Depositary Governments shall convene a conference, to which they shall invite all the Parties, to consider such amendment.

2.Any amendment to this Treaty must be approved by a majority of the votes of all the Parties to this Treaty, including the votes of all of the Original Parties. The amendment shall enter into force for all Parties upon the deposit of instruments of ratification by a majority of all the Parties, including the instruments of ratification of all of the Original Parties.

Article III

1.This Treaty shall be open to all States for signature. Any State which does not sign this Treaty before its entry into force in accordance with paragraph 3 of this Article may accede to it at any time.

2.This Treaty shall be subject to ratification by signatory States. Instruments of ratification and instruments of accession shall be deposited with the Governments of the Original Parties -- the United States of America, the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics which are hereby designated the Depositary Governments.

3.This Treaty shall enter into force after its ratification by all the Original Parties and the deposit of their instruments of ratification.

4.For States whose instruments of ratification or accession are deposited subsequent to the entry into force of this Treaty, it shall enter into force on the date of the deposit of their instruments of ratification or accession.

5.The Depositary Governments shall promptly inform all signatory and acceding States of the date of each signature, the date of deposit of each instrument of ratification of and accession to this Treaty, the date of its entry into force, and the date of receipt of any requests for conferences or other notices.

6.This Treaty shall be registered by the Depositary Governments pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the United Nations.

Article IV

This Treaty shall be of unlimited duration. Each Party shall in exercising its national sovereignty have the right to withdraw from the Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events, related to the subject matter of this Treaty, have jeopardized the supreme interests of its country. It shall give notice of such withdrawal to all other Parties to the Treaty three months in advance.

Article V

This Treaty, of which the English and Russian texts are equally authentic, shall be deposited in the archives of the Depositary Governments. Duly certified copies of this Treaty shall be transmitted by the Depositary Governments to the Governments of the signatory and acceding States.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF the undersigned, duly authorized, have signed this Treaty.

DONE in triplicate at the city of Moscow the fifth day of August, one thousand nine hundred and sixty-three

Exercise 1 Find these words and word combinations in the text.

a)здесь и далее именуемые

b)положить конец загрязнению окружающей среды

d)радиоактивные вещества

e)запретить испытания ядерного оружия

f)поправки к договору

g)присоединиться к договору

Exercise 2 Say if the sentences are true or false.

1.The Treaty was signed by the Original Parties, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of America at Moscow.

2.The Parties proclaimed as their principal aim the achievement of an agreement on general and complete disarmament under strict international control in accordance with the objectives of the United Nations.

3.Each of the Parties to this Treaty undertakes to prohibit, to prevent, and not to carry out any nuclear weapon test explosion in the atmosphere.

4.Any country in the world may propose amendments to this Treaty.

5.This Treaty shall enter into force after its ratification by all the Original Parties and the deposit of their instruments of ratification.