Вариант 4

Упр. 1. Формы Simple (Present, Past, Future) в действительном (Active) и страдательном (Passive) залогах.

(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Выпишите сказуемые и укажите их видовременные формы.

Model: The train departs at 7 pm. Поезд отправляется в 7 часов вечера.

departs – Present Simple Active (to depart)

1. After the reconstruction of the railway, the average speed of trains will be increased and the carrying capacity of the line will be raised.

2. The French engineer Cugnot constructed the first three-wheeled machine with a two-cylinder steam engine. This machine carried 2 people at a walking pace.

3. The switch is the mechanism, which is used to move the trains from one track to another.

4. The project of the Helsinki-St.Petersburg railway reconstruction envisages track modernization and installation of the safety and remote control systems.

5. When Oxford railway station was refurbished 3 years ago, it was criticized for its lack of disabled facilities.

(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол в нужную видовременную форму, и переведите их.

1. Such engineers as Frolov, Yartzev and Polsunov (to make – Past Simple Active) great contribution to the development of railway transport in Russia.

2. The renewal of signaling equipment of all the railroads (to finance – Future Simple Passive) by the government.

3. In Great Britain, first-class tickets (to cost – Present Simple Active) 50% more than second-class tickets.

4. In Australia, freight traffic (to carry out – Present Simple Passive) by double-headed trains and each train (to consist – Present Simple Active) of 80 wagons.

5. The first self-propelled vehicle in Russia (to build – Past Simple Passive) by Kulibin in the 18^th century.

Упр. 2. Оборот there + to be

(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их.

1. In Europe, there are many tourist railway lines, which operate only at summer weekends and use steam locomotives and old carriages.

2. By 2030, there will be a total of 1,528 km of high-speed railway lines running at up to 350 kmh.

3. There was a terrible rush at the station when I got there.

(B) Перепишите предложения, поставив глагол to be в нужную форму, и переведите их.

1. At Shcherbinka, there to be a special 6 km railway loop for testing new locomotives and cars. (Present)

2. Several people were injured in a train accident, but there to be no fatalities. (Past)

3. According to schedule, there to be another train at 6.15. (Future)

Упр. 3. Притяжательный падеж существительных

Перепишите предложения и переведите их.

1. The Cherepanovs, who were Demidov’s serfs, built Russia’s first steam locomotive.

2. There is a radiotelephone in each driver’s cab and a dispatcher can communicate with the driver in case of emergency.

3. There were many passengers at the railway station on New Year’s Eve, as many trains were delayed because of a heavy snowstorm.

Упр. 4. Степени сравнения прилагательных

(A) Перепишите предложения и переведите их. Укажите степень сравнения прилагательных.

1. In the Grand Prix motor racing, just a few seconds sometimes separate the fastest car from the slowest car in a race.

2. High-speed railways use now long-welded rails instead of standard ones because jointless tracks give better riding qualities, last longer, reduce the cost of maintenance and increase the stability of the line.

3. The most outstanding steam-powered miniature railway in the world is the track, which encircles the Disney Park.

(B) Перепишите предложения, употребив прилагательные в скобках в сравнительной или превосходной степени, и переведите их.

1. Although the gas-turbine engine is (small) and (light) than the diesel engine, it has (great) power.

2. The railway became (important) means of transportation thanks to the invention of the steam locomotive.

3. The fare in the London Underground depends on the distance but (low) is 50 pence.

Упр. 5. Перепишите предложения. Задайте общие вопросы и специальные вопросы к подчеркнутым словам.

1. At the next railway station, the train will stop for 20 minutes.

2. After the war, the government granted great sums of money to renew the equipment and the roadbed of all the railways.

3. The first escalator was installed in the London Underground in 1911.

4. The peaks of the Alps rise over 6,000 feet above the Simplon Tunnel on the France-to-Italy railway.

5. The repair of railway track usually takes place in summer.

Упр. 6. (A) Прочитайте текст и устно переведите его. Выполните упражнения, данные после текста, письменно.

Egyptian National Railways

Egyptian National Railways (ENR) is the national railway company of Egypt.

As early as in 1833, Pasha Mohammad Ali consulted with Thomas Gallway about building a railway between Suez and Cairo to facilitate freight and passenger transportation between Europe and India. The project was abandoned due to pressure by the French who had an interest in building a canal instead. The Suez Canal was completed in 1869. After Mohamed Ali’s death, Abbas I contracted with Robert Stephenson to link Alexandria and Cairo by rail. The first section of this railway between Alexandria and Kafer Eassa was opened in 1854, and the line was completed two years later. It was the first railroad in Africa and in the Middle East.

The Imbaba bridge was constructed in 1891 to allow trains to cross the Nile near Cairo. The modern Imbaba bridge was erected in 1924 and it is the only railway crossing of the Nile in Cairo. The El Ferdan Railway Bridge rebuilt in 2001 is the largest swing bridge in the world and crosses the Suez Canal.

In 2005, ENR operated 5,063 km of railways using standard gauge of 1,435 mm. Most of the rail network is focused on the densely populated area of Nile delta. Many lines radiate from Cairo. The majority of locomotives are diesel-driven. 63 km are electrified. ENR purchases locomotives and rail abroad but passenger carriages are built and refurbished in Egypt by the SEMAF company.

Cargo volume transported by ENR is about 12 million ton annually. ER is the backbone of passenger transportation in Egypt. 800 million passengers are carried annually. Air-conditioned passenger trains usually consist of the 1st and 2nd class carriages, while in non-air-conditioned trains, there are 2nd and 3rd class cars. Train fares in commuter trains and 3rd class passenger trains are kept low as a social service.

The Alexandria-Cairo-Luxor-Aswan link is served daily in both directions by air-conditioned sleeper trains of Abela Egypt. These trains are especially attractive to tourists who can spend the night on the train as it covers the stretch between Cairo and Luxor. A luxury express train also connects Cairo with Marsa Matruh.

(B) Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих фраз.

1. государственная железнодорожная компания

2. перевозка грузов и пассажиров

3. первый участок этой железной дороги

4. железнодорожный переезд

5. самый большой разводной мост

6. большая часть железнодорожной сети

7. густонаселённая территория

8. пригородные линии

9. плата за проезд в пассажирских поездах третьего класса

10. поезд-экспресс повышенной комфортности

(С) Ответьте кратко на общие вопросы к тексту.

1. Is Egyptian National Railways the private railway company of Egypt?

2. Did Pasha Mohammad Ali consult with Thomas Gallway about building a railway between Cairo and India in 1833?

3. Was the project of building a railway abandoned because the French wanted to build a canal instead?

4. Were Alexandria and Cairo connected by rail in 1854?

5. Does the El Ferdan Railway Bridge cross the Suez Canal?

6. Are there narrow-gauge railroads in Egypt?

7. Do many lines radiate from Cairo?

8. Are the vast majority of locomotives electric-driven?

9. Does ENR purchase carriages abroad?

10. Do air-conditioned passenger trains usually consist of the 1^st and 2^nd class carriages?