Приложение

Часть 1

Упр. 1. Прочитайте предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на видовременные формы сказуемых.

Active Voice

1. A dispatcher controls the movement of trains over a definite section of the track.

2. The 12.15 shuttle train to Atlanta will depart from platform seven.

3. The railways play decisive role in the transportation of freight.

4. I got off the train at the wrong station.

5. At the large railway stations, porters use electric baggage trolleys.

6. The Japanese bullet train covers the 192km distance between Hiroshima and Kokura in only 44 minutes.

7. Before 1895, only steam-driven locomotives operated on US railroads.

8. This railway operator will transport freight only.

9. The train arrived at the station on schedule.

10. Sleepers hold the two rails at the right distance and transfer the loads from the rails to the ballast.

Passive Voice

1. The first automatic driver was tested on the Moscow Underground.

2. Nowadays, all rails are made of steel.

3. Wood was replaced by steel as a material for constructing passenger cars.

4. From 2009, new commuter trains capable of 225 km per hour will be introduced on domestic services between London and Kent.

5. The first railroad track was built in Russia in 1837 between St.Petersburg and Tsarskoye Selo.

6. In the compartment, the passengers’ luggage is put into a special box under the lower berth.

7. Subway trains are used to transport large numbers of passengers within urban and suburban areas.

8. We were informed of our train delay.

9. Approximately 75 % of the railroads in Latin America are concentrated in Argentina, southern and eastern Brazil, and Mexico.

10. Before 1947, the Britain’s railways were owned by four private companies.

Упр. 2. Прочитайте предложения, поставив глагол в нужную видовременную форму, и переведите их.

1. Sleepers (to hold – Present Simple Active) the rails at the right distance.

2. To make the Moscow-St.Petersburg line as straight and level as possible, 185 bridges and 19 viaducts (to build – Past Simple Passive).

3. The US (to rank – Present Simple Active) first in the world in the volume of freight traffic.

4. All passenger coaches (to equip – Present Simple Passive) with electric heating system.

5. Last year, Taiwan Railways (to buy – Past Simple Active) 225 trailers and 56 power cars.

6. The new 100 km railway line (to use – Future Simple Passive) for freight traffic only.

7. The first steam locomotive in Russia (to test – Past Simple Passive) in Nizhni Tagil.

8. Freight trains in freight yards (to load/unload – Present Simple Passive) by using cranes.

9. The Japanese Railways (to begin – Past Simple Active) testing the new high-speed train for the famous Tokaido Line.

10. The operation of double-deck trains (to limit – Present Simple Passive) by low bridges and tunnels.

Упр. 3. (A) Прочитайте предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на оборот there + to be.

1. In 1830, there were only 64 km of railroad track laid in America.

2. I think there is a commuter train at 8 a.m. but you’d better call the enquiry office to make sure.

3. At the railway station, there are electronic announcement boards that inform passengers when and to which track the train will arrive.

4. There will be a crew change when our airplane land at Dubai.

5. Union Pacific Railroad was opened for traffic on 10 May 1869. There was a special ceremony, in which a large gold nail was hit with a silver hammer to mark the first railway running from the east to the west of America.

6. In the London Metro, there are 11 underground lines; each of them has its own color.

7. There is a train at 6.15 and one at 10.30 but nothing in between.

(B) Поставьте глагол to be в нужную форму и переведите предложения.

8. There to be two upper and two lower berths in each compartment of the sleeping car. (Present)

9. There to be several reasons for the accident but the main causes were the poor condition of the track and exceeding the speed limit. (Past)

1. Tickets are £3; there to be a £1 concession for students. (Present)

2. There to be a 7% increase in freight traffic last year. (Past)

3. There to be a reduced transportation rate on agricultural goods like fruit and vegetables in summer (Future).

4. In Britain, there to be three types of passenger trains: fast intercity trains, stopping trains and commuter trains. (Present)

5. There to be considerable public disquiet about the safety of the new high-speed trains. (Past)

Упр. 4. (A) Прочитайте словосочетания и переведите, обращая внимание на притяжательный падеж существительных.

Polsunov’s invention the conductors’ compartment Denver’s commuter railway network the commission’s decision the Cherepanovs’ first locomotive the company’s staff

these passengers’ baggage our chief’s office a driver’s cab the workers’ meeting this train’s schedule the dispatchers' strike

(B) Прочитайте предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на окончание -s.

1. Several Ann’s friends came to the terminal to see her off.

2. In the 19^th century, the railroad had an important influence on every country's economic and social development.

3. About 70 of the train's 500 passengers were injured in the crash.

4. The railway company’s profit was $USA 2 million.

5. From 1990 until 2003, Stephenson's portrait appeared on the reverse of £5 banknotes issued by the Bank of England.

6. Last year was very good for Paris’ public transport: the number of passengers increased for the first time in three years.

7. Canadian Pacific Railway is Canada’s first transcontinental railway, which connected the Atlantic coast with the Pacific coast.

8. The French-made TGV train is among the world’s fastest passenger trains.

Упр. 5. (A) Образуйте сравнительную и превосходную степень от следующих прилагательных.

reliable надёжный high высокий heavy интенсивный fast быстрый safe безопасный

loud громкий convenient удобный slow медленный cheap дешёвый expensive дорогой

soft мягкий common распространённый low низкий quick быстрый important важный

(B) Прочитайте предложения и переведите их. Укажите степень сравнения прилагательных.

1. Cars made of steel are much safer and more reliable than wooden ones.

2. Semaphore used to be the most common device of signaling.

3. The city of Crewe is one of the busiest junctions in England; many railway lines pass through it.

4. Petrol engines are lighter and smaller than diesel engines; they are cheaper, less noisy and go faster.

5. Signaling systems on high-speed railways are more complex than signal devices on usual lines.

6. The heaviest trains in the world carry such bulk freight as iron ore and coal.

7. The steam loco invention changed bridge building because stronger spans were needed.

8. For many centuries before the invention of the steam engine, transportation by water was much easier and cheaper than that by land.

9. The Akashi Kaikyo Bridge connecting two islands in Japan is the longest, tallest, and most expensive suspension bridge ever constructed.

10. The efficiency of electric locomotives is much higher than that of steam locomotives.

(С) Прочитайте предложения, употребив прилагательные в скобках в сравнительной или превосходной степени, и переведите их

1. The Kuibyshev Railway is 23 years (young) than the Moscow -St. Petersburg railroad.

2. The Moscow-St. Petersburg railway is (old) railroad in this country.

3. The maintenance cost of a diesel loco is three times (great) than that of an electric loco.

4. The use of modern equipment makes loading/unloading of freight (easy) and (fast). One of (interesting) loading/unloading devices used in freight years is the magnetic crane.

1. The old engine was replaced by a new and (powerful) one.

2. The engine designed by Rudolf Diesel is one of (great) inventions of the 20^th century.

3. The rail becomes (long) when it’s hot and becomes (short) when it’s cold.

4. The engine trouble was (serious) than we expected.

5. It is (cheap) and (convenient) to carry these goods by rail than by lorry.

6. Among (important) inventions of the 19th century were the air brake and the automatic coupler.

7. Modern locomotives can haul the trains of 6.000 tons and (heavy).

8. (Early) locomotives used in North America were of British design.

Упр. 6. Задайте общие и специальные вопросы.

1. A lot of students work as car attendants in summertime. (Whom?)

2. The distance between rails is called the gauge. (What?)

3. The London Underground carries a billion passengers a year. (How many?)

4. Electrical equipment will be produced in France. (Where?)

5. After World War II, diesel power replaced steam because of its higher efficiency and lower cost. (When?)

6. The internal combustion engine was designed by Rudolf Diesel. (Whom?)

7. The trip by train from Moscow to Vladivostok takes seven days. (How many?)

8. Four million passengers a year travel the Helsinki-Tallinn route. (What?)

9. The word ‘railroad’ was originally written as two words ‘rail road’ to distinguish it from other kinds of roads. (Why?)

10. The first U.S. railroad, the Baltimore and Ohio, began operation in 1827. (When?)

11. The Repin train departs from St. Petersburg’s Finlandsky terminal. (What?)

12. Diesel locomotives are usually used for shunting because it isn’t economic to electrify a marshalling yard. (Why?)