Task IV.

Define the adverbial modifier:

1. She will return from her trip in a couple of days.

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2. She pronounced these words quite happily.

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3. She hardly knew anything at all.

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4. Without learning words you’ll never be able to speak English.

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5. Though tired they went on working.

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6. In spite of being absent that day he knew what happened.

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7. He seldom comes here nowadays.

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8. He studied the whole article with great care.

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9. He said it himself the other day.

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10. I want to look through today’s newspapers to know the news.

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11. They worked really hard.

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12. You won’t do it without her help.

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13. To learn a foreign language you must work hard.

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14. Despite her good looks she wasn’t popular.

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15. He was sitting leaning against the wall.

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TASK V

Choose what kind of a subject is “it”:

1. I’m afraid, it is very cold today.

a) Emphatic b) Introductory

c) Impersonal d) Demonstrative

2. What time is it now?

a) Emphatic b) Introductory

c) Impersonal d) Demonstrative

3. Who’s there? – It’s me.

a) Impersonal b) Demonstrative

c) Emphatic d) Notional

4. It’s rather far to the station from here.

a) Introductory b) Emphatic

c) Notional d) Impersonal

5. It was really interesting to watch him.

a) Introductory b) Demonstrative

c) Impersonal d) Notional

6. It doesn’t often rain in summer

a) Introductory b) Impersonal

c) Demonstrative d) Notional

7. Who is there by the window? – It is my sister.

a) Emphatic b) Demonstrative

c) Impersonal d) Introductory

8. It was she who told me everything.

a) Introductory b) Impersonal

c) Emphatic d) Demonstrative

9. It was strange that she knew nothing.

a) Demonstrative b) Notional

c) Emphatic d) Introductory

10. It is still very early.

a) Notional b) Demonstrative

c) Impersonal d) Emphatic

KEYS:

Task I: 1. Subject, 2. Predicate, 3. Object, 4. Attribute, 5.Adverbial modifier,

Task II: 1. a, 2. d, 3. c, 4. b, 5. b, 6. a, 7. b, 8. b, 9. b, 10. d,

Task III: 1. d, 2. b, 3. d, 4. c, 5. b, 6. b, 7. d, 8. c, 9. c, 10. c, 11. d, 12. b, 13. c, 14. b, 15. d;

Task IV: 1. Adverbial modifier of time, 2. Adverbial modifier of manner, 3. Adverbial modifier of manner, 4. Adverbial modifier of condition, 5. Adverbial modifier of concession, 6. Adverbial modifier of concession, 7. Adverbial modifier of frequency, 8. Adverbial modifier of manner, 9. Adverbial modifier of time, 10. Adverbial modifier of purpose, 11. Adverbial modifier of manner, 12. Adverbial modifier of condition, 13. Adverbial modifier of purpose, 14. Adverbial modifier of concession, 15. Adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances.

Task 4: 1. c - Impersonal, 2. b - Impersonal, 3. b - Demonstrative, 4. d - Impersonal. 5. a - Introductory, 6. b - Impersonal, 7. b - Demonstrative, 8. c - Emphatic, 9. d – Introductory, 10. c – Impersonal.

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