Vocabulary

3. Find English equivalents of the following phrases in the text.

1) управляющий директор

2) информационная безопасность

3) внутренний контроль

4) некоммерческий сектор

5) распознавать информацию

6) взаимодействовать

7) общественная осведомленность

8) злостный хакер

9) охранное ограждение

10) доступ к информации

4. Match the words 1-7 with the definitions a-f.

1) personal data a) the protection of information against

unauthorized access or modification

2) potential customer b) information, intended to be used without

modification

3) information security c) a buyer who expresses interests to your

brand or service

4) off-the-shelf information d) any information relating to an identified

natural person

5) contribution e) desiring, or suited to compete

6) competitive f) something contributed, such as money or

ideas

5. Find the words in the text which have the similar meaning to the words below.

1) private

2) influence

3) safety

4) intruder

5) allow

6) consumer

6. Read the text below and choose the best option for each gap.

Information, Information Security and Information Security Management

Information (1) ……………the meanings and interpretations that people place upon facts, or data. The value of information springs from the ways it is interpreted and applied to make products, to provide services, and so on.

Many modern writers (2) ………….. organizations in terms of the use they make of information. For instance, one particularly successful model of business is based on the assets that a firm owns. Assets have traditionally meant (3) …..……… things like money, property, plant, systems; but business analysts have increasingly recognized that information is itself an asset, crucial to adding value. Information underpins competitive advantage. There are writers who believe that the (4) …………. value of an organization is in the information it uses and creates.

But, of course, there is a negative side too: the use of information in both the for-profit and not-for-profit sectors is increasingly the subject of legislation and regulation, in recognition of the damage its misuse can have on individuals.

Seen in the way we have just defined it, information is a valuable (5) ……..……. Information security protects information (and the facilities and systems that store, use and transmit it) from a wide range of threats, in order to preserve its value to an organization.

This (6) ……..…… of information security is adapted from that of the American National Security Telecommunications and Information Systems Security Committee (NSTISSC).

There are two important characteristics of information that (7) ..……….. its value to an organization:

• the scarcity of the information outside the organization;

• the shareability of the information within the organization, or some part of it.

Simplifying somewhat, these characteristics state that information is only valuable if it provides advantage or utility to those who have it, compared (8) …….…….. those who don’t. Thus the value of any piece of information relates to its levels of shareability and scarcity. The aim of information (9) …………… is to preserve the value of information by ensuring that these levels are correctly identified and preserved.

Threats to information influence the organization’s ability to share it within, or to preserve its scarcity outside. And threats that are carried out can cost millions in compensation and reputation, and may even (10) …..……. an institution’s ability to survive. Here are some examples in which the making available of information that should have been kept scarce or the restricting of information that should have been shareable has damaged an organization.

1. a) comprises b) excludes c) misunderstands

2. a) look at b) look for c) look forward to

3. a) non-material b)tangible c)resourceful

4. a) erroneous b) inaccurate c)true

5. a) asset b)liabilities c) part

6. a) interpretation b) definition c) rule

7. a) include b) determine c) inform

8. a) to b) with c) for

9. a) scarcity b)security c) ability

10. a) jeopardize b)integrate c) allow

7. Look at this example from the text:

Assets have traditionally meant tangible things like money, property, plant, systems.