Топик По Английскому Языку (Воронов Р. И.) / Finishing

Finishing

Any printing process has 3 main steps: prepress, press and postpress. Postpress includes operations to complete
a printed job and convert it to a finished marketable product.
Some printing like stationery, small posters, etc. can be delivered as printed, but most printing must be
converted from printed sheets to finished printed piece, through various binding and finishing operations.
The operations making special effects on materials like diecutting, varnishing, laminating, embossing, bronzing,
marbling etc. are known as finishing.
Some finishing operations are made inline with the printing on web presses. The new UV inks make possible
inline operations like lacquering, slitiing, etc. in sheetfed printing.

Three finishing operations quite often used are embossing (stamping), diecutting and shrink-packaging.

Embossing
Embossing is one of finishing operations for decorating a cover. It is making of image on paper, cardboard,
leather or other surface by die pressing under heat. It can be divided into relief embossing and blind stamping. In relief embossing the image is molded so that it is raised or sunken. Molding is carried out by pressing the material between a female die and a male bed. If metallic effect is desired, special stamping foil is used. In blind stamping paper grains are deformed without using foil or ink.

Diecutting
Diecutting is a process in which materials are cut on a special model. This operation is used for making tear-off
lines (calendars), viewing windows (envelopes and folders) and so on. There are two methods in use today: hollow
and steel-rule diecutting.
Hollow diecutting is a process used mostly for labels and envelopes. A steel die opened on both sides is positioned
on a stacked pile of printed sheets. Pressure forces the pile through the die. As a result paper shapes of the die.
Steel-rule diecutting is used for lager size jobs. The dies are steel rules bent to a desired shape and inserted
into a plywood dieboard. The multiple dies are locked up in a chase. They are positioned on a platen press. Pressure forces the die through a sheet.
The latest developments in diecutting are laser-cut dieboards and rotary diecutters.

Shrink-packaging
It is used to warp printed pieces. In addition to being able to see the product through the wrapping, its
advantages are increased production and reduced labor cost. The product is inserted into a roll of polyethylene
film which is heat-sealed around the product. It goes then into a shrink tunnel where the proper temperature
shrinks the film tightly around the product.