Топик По Английскому Языку (Воронов Р. И.) / Binding

Binding
Any printing process has 3 main steps: prepress, press and postpress. Postpress includes all the operations
which are carried out after printing on paper or another substrate. It`s necessary to complete a printed job
and convert it to a finished marketable product.Some printing like stationery, small posters, etc. can be
delivered as printed, but most printing must be converted from printed sheets to finished printed piece,
through various binding and finishing operations.The work required to convert printed sheets or webs into
books, magazines, catalogs is called binding.In general binding can be subdivided in 2 areas: pamphlet binding
and bookbinding.

Pamphlet binding
There are generally 5 steps in pamphlet binding: scoring, folding, gathering or collating, stitching, cutting
and trimming.

Scoring
A score is a crease in a sheet of heavyweight or cover paper to make folding easy. It`s done with a special
scoring rule. Booklet or catalog covers must have a score wide enough to take the necessary number of pages
without strain on the fold.

Folding
The printed sheets containing several printed pages are folded depending on format size. During press step
it`s important to carry out correct imposition, i.e. arranging pages on the sheet so that after folding and
gathering the pages will be in the proper sequence.Paper is usually folded on a buckle or a knife machine.
These systems offer several hundreds of different folding combinations. The sheet is carried on belts from an
automatic feeder, and rollers force the sheet into a fold-plate, which is adjustable to the length of the fold.
The sheet is carried between two rollers which fold it. There are two kinds of folds: parallel and right-angle.

Gathering/Collating
Folded sheets must be separated and arranged in the correct sequence. Arranging single sheets after one another
(for perfect binding) is called collating and is carried out by special collating machines. Putting folded
signatures inside one another (for saddle-stitching) is called gathering. This is carried out manually or
mechanically.


Stitching
After the signatures are collated, they can be stitched together.Saddle-stitched brochures consist of several
embedded double pages, which are fastened together at the fold with wire. The brochure is placed on a saddle
and staples are forced through its spine. This type of binding is the simplest and most inexpensive.

Cutting
When several folded sheets (signatures) are printed, they can be cut. Cutting machines work with vertical
blades, which can cut through the paper pile to a depth of about 20 cm.

Three-side trimming
The edges of the sheets have to be cut off. The brochures are usually cut off on 3 sides (head, front and foot)
which at the same time means cutting the brochure to its final size. There are special three-knives trimmers
used to trim 3 sides of a printed product.


Bookbinding

There are many ways to bind a book, but most common methods are edition binding, also known as hardcover
(best when permanence is required), perfect binding (widely used for inexpensive paperback books) and mechanical
binding (for notebooks and manuals).

Edition binding
When a hard cover needs to be attached to a book, sewing binding method is used. In sewing the individual
signatures are sewn through the fold into a bookblock and then receive an adhesive coating on the backbone.
These books open flat and offer the best durability. Some books are rounded, others are flatback.

Perfect binding
It is mostly used for softcover products. In this operation glue is applied to the back and then a stiff
paper cover is attached. The sheets are held together and then the backbone is thoroughly coated with the glue
and a cover is wrapped around it and stuck to the spine. It`s carried out on perfect-binder.

Mechanical binding
It is used for notebooks and other types of books which must open flat. The sheets are punched with a series of
round holes on the binding edge. Then wire or plastic rings are inserted through the holes. Loose-leaf notebooks
are a kind of mechanical binding with rings which open to allow removal or addition of pages.