- •Turkmen – English Dictionary a spa project of Peace Corps Turkmenistan Contributing Editors:
- •Introduction
- •Acknowledgements
- •Abbreviations
- •Notes on Method
- •Printer's Note
- •Contents of the Appendix
- •1.0: Brief Introduction to the Turkmen Language
- •1.1 The Alphabets
- •1.2 Brief Dicussion of the Alphabets
- •1.3 Learning the New Alphabet
- •1.4 Learning the Cyrillic Alphabet
- •1.5 Vowel Harmony
- •1.6 Long and Short Vowels
- •1.7 Vocal Transformations
- •2.0 The Case System
- •2.1 Cases of Pronouns
- •3.0 Verbs
- •4.0 Relative Clauses
- •5.0 Cases and their suffixes
- •5.1 Possessive Suffixes
- •6.0 The Absolute Posessive
- •7.0 Nouns in Direct Relation
- •8.0 Coparatives & Superlatives
- •9.0 Some Unusual Structures in Turkmen Grammar
- •10.0 Go∫ylmalar
- •10.1: Passive
- •10.2: Reflexive
- •10.3: Reciprocal
- •10.4: Causitive
- •11.0 Four Important Modal Verbs: otyr, ÿatyr, dur, ÿör
- •12.0 Selected Suffixes and Prefixes
- •12.6: The prefix bi-
- •10Njy "a" klasdaky okuwçylaryñ tertibi gowy däl.
- •13.0 Expressing Needs and Desires
- •14.0 Indicating Possibility: mümkin
- •16.0 Double Verbs
- •16.1 Expressing Ability: -p/-yp/-ip bilmek
- •16.2 Doing an Action for Someone: -p/-yp/-ip bermek
- •16.3 Attempted Action: -p/-yp/-ip görmek
- •16.4 Anticipated Action: -jak/-jek bolmak
- •References
16.1 Expressing Ability: -p/-yp/-ip bilmek
A modal structure involving bilmek is used to convey the idea of being able to do something.
Men Türkmençe okap bilÿärin = I can read Turkmen
Ol Rusça ÿazyp bilenok = He can't write Russian
Biz bazara gidip biljek däl = We won't be able to go to the bazaar
16.2 Doing an Action for Someone: -p/-yp/-ip bermek
A modal structure involving bermek is used to express the doing of an action for someone:
Men size jaÿy salyp berdim = I built a house for you
∫ol gapyny ÿapyp bermesene = Don't close that door
∫ol käsäni saña alyp bererin = I'll give you that teacup
According to vowel harmony the main verb's stem is followed by the participial ending -yp or -ip, and bermek appears according to the doer of the action and the tense.
16.3 Attempted Action: -p/-yp/-ip görmek
A modal structure involving görmek is used to express the idea of trying to do something, or the idea of doing-and-seeing:
Bu nahary datyp gör = Try this food
Men pikir edip göreÿin = Let me think about it (and see)
∫ol köÿnegi geÿip gördi = She tried on that dress
16.4 Anticipated Action: -jak/-jek bolmak
A modal structure involving the future tense and bolmak is used to indicate the idea of being about to do something:
Sen ÿatjak bolÿañmy? = Are you about to sleep?
Olar saña jañ etjek bolÿarlar = They're about to call you
Gara∫yñ, men iÿjek bolÿaryn = Wait, I'm going to (about to) eat
References
The following works were used in preparing this dictionary:
A. Almammedov, R. Nazarov. English-Turkmen Dictionary. - Magaryph Publishers. Ashgabad. 1989. 10,000 words from English to Turkmen.
P. Azimova. Turkmenche-Ruscha Okuw Sozlugi. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1988. 9000 words from Turkmen to Russian. Our main reference text.
B. Chariyarova. Bolshoy Russko-Turkmenskiy Slovar. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1987. 77,000 entries in two volumes, translations from Russian to Turkmen.
B. Jumageldieva, G. Sopieva. Turkmenche-Ruscha Gysgalzha Tematik Sozlugi. - Ashgabad "Ilham". 1994. 75 pages of thematic word lists, listing Russian and Turkmen.
B. Meskutova. Ruscha-Turkmenche Okuw Sozlugi. - Moscow "Russkiy Yazik". 1982. 5000 words from Russian to Turkmen.
M. Soyegov, N. Rejepov. Taze Turkmen Elipbi. - Ashgabat "Ruh". 1993. An introduction to the new Turkmen alphabet for Turkmen speakers.
M. Wheeler. The Oxford Russian-English Dictionary. - New York "Oxford University Press". 1992. 82,000 entries from Russian to English.
The following additional works were used as references in preparing the brief grammatical appendix:
R. Nepesova, O. Yaslydeva. Let's Speak English. - Ashgabat "Ilim". 1992. Beginning English for Turkmen Speakers.
Peace Corps Turkmenistan. Turkmen. - Ashgabad. 1995. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction.
N. Rejepov. Turkmenskiy Yazik. - Ashgabad "Magarif". 1993. Beginning Turkmen for Russian Speakers.
A. Retman, R. Retman. Let's Learn to Speak English. - Ashgabat. 1992. Beginning English for Turkmen Speakers.
Turkmen Language Project. Turkmen Language Course. - Indiana University. 1994. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction.
D. Tyson, L. Clark. Turkmen Language Manual, 2nd Edition. - "U.S. Peace Corps". 1994. Compentency-based basic Turkmen instruction.
J. Yagmirov. Turkmen Dilini Owrenyeris. - Ashabad "Ilim". 1993. Beginning Turkmen for Russian Speakers.